# Projektometr — full dump of the Polish megaproject database
# As of: July 2026 (2026-07-19). Updated monthly.
# Nominal costs (prices from various years), value-by-stage — not total cost.
# Every fact has a source; full data: https://projektometr.pl/api/projekty.json
# Methodology and the "why": https://projektometr.pl/en/about
# Records: 228

## A1 Motorway Gdańsk–Toruń (Gdańsk Transport Company concession section)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/autostrada-a1-gdansk-torun
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 3.1 bn PLN | Investor: Gdańsk Transport Company S.A. (koncesjonariusz PPP)
Timeline: announced 2004-08, delivered 2011-10-14
Outcome: delivered
Description: The northern, concession section of the A1 motorway, approximately 152 km long, running from Gdańsk (Rusocin) to Toruń, delivered under a public-private partnership formula by Gdańsk Transport Company S.A., which financed, designed, built, and operates the route (ultimately through 2039). The concession agreement with the government was signed in August 2004. The investment was carried out in two stages: Stage I Rusocin–Nowe Marzy (90 km, contract value EUR 529 million), whose first sections opened on 22 December 2007, and Stage II Nowe Marzy–Toruń (62 km, contract value EUR 730 million, including EUR 581 million for the road and EUR 149 million for bridge structures). Stage II was opened to traffic on 14 October 2011, completing the continuous motorway connection Gdańsk–Toruń ahead of the UEFA Euro 2012 European football championship. The figure in the cost field (EUR 730 million) refers to the Stage II contract (Nowe Marzy–Toruń), opened in 2011.
Significance: The completion in 2011 of the concession section Gdańsk–Toruń provided the first continuous motorway connection between the Tricity area and central Poland and shortened travel time between Gdańsk and Toruń to approximately 65 minutes. The route was one of the largest road investments delivered in Poland under a public-private partnership formula, and its completion ahead of UEFA Euro 2012 was significant for handling traffic for the tournament co-hosted by Poland. The concessionaire Gdańsk Transport Company S.A. manages the entire approximately 152 km section as a toll road until 2039, after which the facility is to be transferred to the public side.
Sources:
  - Autostrada A1 gotowa do otwarcia (AmberOne / Gdańsk Transport Company, 2011-10): https://a1.com.pl/autostrada-a1-gotowa-do-otwarcia/
  - Autostrada A1 w formule PPP (NDI): https://www.ndi.pl/ppp/autostrada-a1-ppp
  - Gdańsk Transport Company (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gda%C5%84sk_Transport_Company
  - Autostrada A1 (Polska) (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autostrada_A1_(Polska)
  - Trasa Toruń–Gdańsk w godzinę. Otwarto kolejny odcinek A1 (TerenyInwestycyjne.info, 2011-10): https://www.terenyinwestycyjne.info/partnerstwo-publiczno-prywatne/trasa-torun-gdansk-w-godzine-otwarto-kolejny-odcinek-a1

## A1 Motorway Tuszyn–Częstochowa (completion of the A1)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/autostrada-a1-tuszyn-czestochowa-dokonczenie-a1
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 3.7 bn PLN | Investor: Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad (GDDKiA)
Timeline: delivered 2021
Outcome: delivered
Description: Construction of the last, approximately 80.72 km missing segment of the A1 motorway between the Tuszyn interchange and the start of the Częstochowa bypass, routed along the alignment of the former national road No. 1 (the "gierkówka"). The investment was carried out by GDDKiA, divided into five sections under the "design and build" system. The result is a dual-carriageway road with a concrete surface, with a target layout of three (in places four) lanes in each direction plus a hard shoulder. Successive sections were opened to traffic in 2021, completing the A1 along its full length; the target three-lane cross-section was finished in 2022. The total value of the project came to approximately PLN 3.70 billion, of which nearly PLN 1.70 billion was co-financing from EU funds.
Significance: The Tuszyn–Częstochowa section completed the A1 motorway along its full length, replacing the overloaded and accident-prone former national road No. 1 (the "gierkówka") and creating a continuous north–south motorway corridor from the Tricity area to the border with the Czech Republic. With a total value of approximately PLN 3.70 billion and nearly PLN 1.70 billion in EU co-financing, it was one of the largest road investments completing the TEN-T network in Poland. The use of a concrete surface and a target three-lane cross-section significantly increased the capacity and safety of transit on this route.
Sources:
  - Budowa autostrady A1, odc. koniec obw. Częstochowy – Tuszyn (Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad (gov.pl)): https://www.gov.pl/web/gddkia/budowa-autostrady-a1-odc-koniec-obw-czestochowy---tuszyn
  - A1 – wielkie zmiany (Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad (gov.pl), 2021-12-30): https://www.gov.pl/web/gddkia/a1---wielkie-zmiany
  - Autostrada A1 już na pełnej długości (moto.rp.pl (Rzeczpospolita), 2021-08-13): https://moto.rp.pl/tu-i-teraz/art18709881-autostrada-a1-juz-na-pelnej-dlugosci
  - Autostrada A1 Tuszyn – Częstochowa: nowe odcinki, budowa, terminy (conadrogach.pl, 2020-10-23): https://conadrogach.pl/informacje/autostrada-a1-tuszyn-czestochowa-nowe-odcinki-budowa-terminy-zdjecia.html
  - A1 Tuszyn – Częstochowa. Trzy pasy, GDDKiA oddała do użytku zachodnią jezdnię (TVN24 Biznes, 2021-11-03): https://tvn24.pl/biznes/moto/a1-tuszyn-czestochowa-trzy-pasy-gddkia-oddala-do-uzytku-zachodnia-jezdnie-st5476536
  - Ruch na drogach krajowych cały czas rośnie – synteza wyników GPR 2025 (Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad (gov.pl), 2026-04): https://www.gov.pl/web/gddkia/ruch-na-drogach-krajowych-caly-czas-rosnie---synteza-wynikow-gpr-2025

## A2 Motorway eastward: Warsaw (Lubelska) – Biała Podlaska – Terespol/Koroszczyn
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/autostrada-a2-na-wschod-warszawa-lubelska-biala-podlaska-ter
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 4.6 bn PLN | Investor: Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad (GDDKiA)
Timeline: planned 2029
Description: Expansion of the A2 motorway east of Warsaw toward the border with Belarus, carried out by GDDKiA. On 26 June 2026 the final sections between Siedlce and Biała Podlaska were opened to drivers, completing a nearly 140 km stretch of the A2 from the Lubelska interchange (at the junction with the S17) to the Biała Podlaska interchange; travel time by passenger car from Warsaw to Biała Podlaska was shortened to a little over an hour. Delivery of this entire route cost nearly PLN 4.6 billion in total, and the European Union co-financed it in the years 2008–2026 with over PLN 2.5 billion. The completion of the missing segment to the state border is ongoing: on 10 June 2026 a contract was signed for the section from the vicinity of Kijowiec to Dobryń (part of a stretch with a total length of over 25 km), with delivery announced in about three years, while the Biała Podlaska – Kijowiec section remains under tender.
Significance: The investment completes the motorway exit from the Warsaw agglomeration to the east and shortens travel time from Warsaw to Biała Podlaska from about three hours to a little over an hour, connecting nearly 140 km of the A2 from the Lubelska interchange to Biała Podlaska. The route is part of the European corridor linking Western Europe with the eastern EU border and access to border crossings with Belarus (Terespol/Koroszczyn, Kukuryki). Completion of the final segment to the state border is, however, burdened with geopolitical uncertainty related to the situation on the eastern border, and the Biała Podlaska – Kijowiec section still remains under tender.
Sources:
  - Biała Podlaska połączona z Warszawą autostradą (Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad (GDDKiA), 2026-06-26): https://www.gov.pl/web/gddkia-warszawa/biala-podlaska-polaczona-z-warszawa-autostrada
  - Autostrada z Warszawy do Białej Podlaskiej w godzinę. GDDKiA przecięła wstęgę (Money.pl, 2026-06-26): https://www.money.pl/mobility/autostrada-z-warszawy-do-bialej-podlaskiej-w-godzine-gddkia-przeciela-wstege-7301115060058304a.html
  - A2 Biała Podlaska (Cicibór) – gr. państwa (Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad (GDDKiA)): https://www.gov.pl/web/gddkia/a2-biala-podlaska-w-cicibor--gr-panstwa
  - Autostrada A2 (Polska) (Wikipedia): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autostrada_A2_(Polska)

## A2 Motorway (Świecko–Poznań–Łódź–Warsaw section)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/autostrada-a2-swiecko-warszawa
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): n/a | Investor: Autostrada Wielkopolska S.A. (koncesjonariusz odc. Świecko–Konin) oraz GDDKiA (odc. Konin–Warszawa)
Timeline: delivered 2012-06
Outcome: delivered
Description: A key east–west road corridor linking the Polish-German border at Świecko through Poznań and Łódź with Warsaw, being the Polish segment of a European corridor (the E30 road). The Świecko–Warsaw route was completed for the UEFA EURO 2012 European football championship (2012). The western section Świecko–Nowy Tomyśl, 105.905 km long, whose construction began in July 2009, was opened to traffic on 1 December 2011 (ahead of schedule); it was delivered by the concessionaire Autostrada Wielkopolska II S.A., with the general contractor being A2Strada (Kulczyk Holding and Strabag AG). The Łódź–Warsaw section (from the Stryków interchange to the Konotopa interchange), approximately 90 km long, managed by GDDKiA, was made passable on 6 June 2012, just before EURO 2012, enabling drivers to use the entire A2 motorway between Warsaw and Łódź. The Świecko–Konin section is tolled and maintained by the concessionaire Autostrada Wielkopolska, while the Konin–Warsaw section is maintained by GDDKiA.
Significance: The completion of the A2 motorway on the Świecko–Warsaw route ahead of UEFA EURO 2012 connected Warsaw and central Poland with the motorway network toward the border with Germany, creating the primary national east–west road corridor. The last missing element was the Łódź–Warsaw section (Stryków–Konotopa, approximately 90 km), managed by GDDKiA and made passable on 6 June 2012, the day before the tournament's opening ceremony; the western section Świecko–Nowy Tomyśl (105.905 km) had already been operational since 1 December 2011. The investment was carried out under a mixed model: the tolled concession section Świecko–Konin (concessionaire Autostrada Wielkopolska) and the government section Konin–Warsaw maintained by GDDKiA.
Sources:
  - Autostrada A2 Świecko–Nowy Tomyśl (GDDKiA (serwis archiwalny)): https://www.archiwum.gddkia.gov.pl/pl/a/24568/Autostrada-A2-Swiecko-Nowy-Tomysl
  - Autostrada A2. Otwarty odcinek Stryków–Konotopa (Money.pl, 2012-06): https://www.money.pl/gospodarka/wiadomosci/artykul/autostrada;a2;otwarta;odcinek;strykow-konotopa,228,0,1100772.html
  - Autostrada A2 Nowy Tomyśl – Świecko oddana do ruchu (Inżynier Budownictwa): https://inzynierbudownictwa.pl/autostrada-a2-nowy-tomysl-swiecko-oddana-do-ruchu/
  - Autostrada A2 (Polska) (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autostrada_A2_(Polska)
  - A2 autostrada (Poland) (Wikipedia (en)): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A2_autostrada_(Poland)
  - Kluczowe odcinki autostrad A2 i A4 powstaną przed UEFA EURO 2012 (GDDKiA (serwis archiwalny)): https://www.archiwum.gddkia.gov.pl/pl/a/6085/kluczowe-odcinki-autostrad-a2-i-a4-powstana-przed-uefa-euro-2012

## A4 Motorway Krakow–Katowice (Poland's first toll motorway)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/autostrada-a4-krakow-katowice
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 380 mln PLN | Investor: Stalexport Autostrada Małopolska S.A. (koncesjonariusz; droga stanowi własność Skarbu Państwa)
Timeline: announced 1995, started 1997-09-19
Outcome: delivered
Description: The A4 motorway section between Katowice and Krakow, 61 km long, was Poland's first toll motorway, delivered under a public-private partnership formula. The tender for the toll A4 was announced by the Agency for the Construction and Operation of Motorways as the first of its kind in the country in 1995. On 19 September 1997 the Ministry of Transport and Maritime Economy, on behalf of the State Treasury, granted the company Stalexport SA a 30-year concession to build the section by adapting it for tolling and to operate it; the concession runs in the years 1997–2027 and expires on 15 March 2027. Tolls are collected at two toll plazas — in Mysłowice and in Balice. In December 2005 the concessionaire (Stalexport Autostrada Małopolska SA) concluded a credit agreement with a consortium of four banks for an amount of up to PLN 380 million, financing, among other things, the resurfacing of the entire 61 km section, the modernization of 31 bridge structures, the construction of 15 emergency crossovers and 10 km of noise barriers; in 2016 the A4Go electronic toll collection system was launched. The road remains owned by the State Treasury; the majority shareholder of the Stalexport Autostrady S.A. group is Mundys S.p.A. (formerly Atlantia S.p.A.), holding 61.20% of shares and votes.
Significance: The A4 Katowice–Krakow section was Poland's first toll motorway and the first major road project delivered under a public-private partnership formula, making it a model example of a road concession in the country. The motorway connects the Upper Silesian agglomeration with that of Krakow, forming a key segment of the European east–west corridor (A4). Under the concession agreement, as of 16 March 2027 management of the section will pass from the private concessionaire to the General Directorate for National Roads and Motorways, and travel is to become free of charge for passenger cars and motorcycles.
Sources:
  - Historia przedsięwzięcia — Stalexport Autostrada Małopolska S.A. (Stalexport Autostrada Małopolska S.A.): https://www.autostrada-a4.com.pl/pl/o-nas/historia-przedsiewziecia
  - Stalexport Autostrada Małopolska (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stalexport_Autostrada_Ma%C5%82opolska
  - Historia Spółki — Stalexport Autostrady S.A. (Stalexport Autostrady S.A.): https://www.stalexport-autostrady.pl/pl/o-spolce/historia-spolki
  - Podwyżki opłat na A4 Katowice–Kraków od 1 kwietnia 2026 (wKatowicach.eu, 2026): https://www.wkatowicach.eu/informacje/w-drodze/Podwyzki-oplat-na-A4-KatowiceKrakow-od-1-kwietnia-2026-Sprawdz-nowe-stawki/idn:11841

## Microsoft Azure Poland Central cloud region
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/azure-poland-central
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 4.0 bn PLN | Investor: Microsoft
Timeline: announced 2020, delivered 2023-04-26
Outcome: delivered
Description: The Microsoft Azure Poland Central data center region, launched on 26 April 2023 as Microsoft's first cloud region in Central and Eastern Europe. It is made up of three independent physical locations around Warsaw, providing three availability zones. It was created as part of Microsoft's USD 1 billion investment plan announced in 2020 under the banner "Polish Digital Valley".
Significance: The first hyperscaler region in Central and Eastern Europe provides local storage and processing of data within the country as well as low latency of cloud services for Polish enterprises, the public sector, and startups.
Sources:
  - Microsoft launches its first datacenter region in Poland, bringing new opportunities to develop the digital economy (Microsoft News Centre Europe, 2023-04-26): https://news.microsoft.com/europe/2023/04/26/microsoft-launches-its-first-datacenter-region-in-poland-bringing-new-opportunities-to-develop-the-digital-economy/
  - Microsoft announces a $1 billion digital transformation plan for Poland, including access to local cloud services with first datacenter region (Microsoft News Centre Europe, 2020-05-05): https://news.microsoft.com/europe/2020/05/05/microsoft-announces-a-1-billion-digital-transformation-plan-for-poland-including-access-to-local-cloud-services-with-first-datacenter-region/
  - Microsoft launches its first data center region in Poland (Baxtel, 2023-04-27): https://baxtel.com/news/microsoft-launches-its-first-data-center-region-in-poland
  - Microsoft announces a PLN 2.8 billion investment in cloud and AI infrastructure, skilling and cybersecurity in Poland (Microsoft News Centre Poland, 2025-02-17): https://news.microsoft.com/pl-pl/2025/02/17/microsoft-announces-a-pln-2-8-billion-investment-in-cloud-and-ai-infrastructure-skilling-and-cybersecurity-in-poland/

## Baltic Hub T3 — the third deep-water container terminal in Gdańsk
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/baltic-hub-t3
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 2.0 bn PLN | Investor: Baltic Hub Container Terminal sp. z o.o. (PSA International 40%, Polski Fundusz Rozwoju 30%, IFM Global Infrastructure Fund 30%)
Timeline: started 2022-10, planned 2025, delivered 2025-06-06
Outcome: delivered
Description: The third deep-water container terminal (T3) at Baltic Hub in the Port of Gdańsk, built in the years 2022–2025 on an artificially reclaimed peninsula with an area of 36 ha, with a quay 717 m long and 17.5 m deep. The investment, worth approximately PLN 2 billion (approximately EUR 470 million), was delivered on behalf of Baltic Hub by a consortium of Budimex and DEME (Dredging International). The terminal was officially opened on 6 June 2025, and reached full operability at the beginning of October 2025; Baltic Hub's handling capacity increased by 1.5 million TEU, to 4.5 million TEU per year.
Significance: The expansion strengthened Gdańsk's position as the largest container hub on the Baltic: in 2025 Baltic Hub handled a record 2,767,287 TEU (23% more than a year earlier), serving 763 vessels and 9,362 container trains. The new pier physically enlarged the port's operational area by 36 ha reclaimed from the sea, and the additional 1.5 million TEU of handling capacity strengthens Poland's role in the maritime supply chains of Central and Eastern Europe.
Sources:
  - Baltic Hub napędza rozwój gospodarczy Pomorza i Polski. Otwarto nowy terminal (gdansk.pl, 2025-06-06): https://www.gdansk.pl/wiadomosci/Zabrali-morzu-36-hektarow-I-tak-powstal-w-Gdansku-nowy-port-terminal-T3-Baltic-Hub,a,289113
  - Terminal kontenerowy Baltic Hub (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_kontenerowy_Baltic_Hub
  - Rekordowy rok dla Baltic Hub (Rynek Infrastruktury, 2026-01-22): https://www.rynekinfrastruktury.pl/wiadomosci/intermodal-i-logistyka/rekordowy-rok-dla-baltic-hub-98418.html
  - Terminal Baltic Hub T3 oficjalnie otwarty (Portal Stoczniowy, 2025-11-17): https://portalstoczniowy.pl/terminal-baltic-hub-t3-oficjalnie-otwarty/
  - Budimex rozpoczyna prace przy budowie nowego terminala dla Baltic Hub (Budimex, 2022-11-28): https://budimex.pl/informacje-prasowe/budimex-rozpoczyna-prace-przy-budowie-nowego-terminala-dla-baltic-hub-780252/
  - Budimex ukończył budowę terminalu kontenerowego T3 Baltic Hub (Budimex, 2025-06-06): https://budimex.pl/informacje-prasowe/budimex-ukonczyl-budowe-terminalu-kontenerowego-t3-baltic-hub-852976/
  - Rekord za rekordem w Baltic Hub w 2025 r. (gdansk.pl, 2026-01-26): https://www.gdansk.pl/wiadomosci/Rekord-za-rekordem-w-Baltic-Hub-w-2025-r,a,303916

## Baltic Pipe
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/baltic-pipe
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 3.8 bn PLN | Investor: Gaz-System S.A.
Timeline: announced 2016, started 2020, planned 2022-10, delivered 2022-09-27
Outcome: delivered
Description: A gas pipeline linking Norwegian deposits through Denmark with the Polish transmission system, delivered by Gaz-System in cooperation with the Danish operator Energinet. On the Polish side it comprised 275 km of subsea pipeline from Faxe to Pogorzelica, 231 km of domestic pipelines (Goleniów–Lwówek and Niechorze–Płoty), as well as the expansion and construction of gas compressor stations. The operators' agreement was signed in 2016, construction work was carried out in the years 2020–2022, gas transmission was launched on 1 October 2022, and the pipeline reached its full capacity of approximately 10 billion m3 per year on 30 November 2022 – in line with the schedule announced since 2017.
Significance: A key element of the diversification of gas supplies to Poland: it enables direct transmission of gas from Norwegian deposits – Norwegian gas began flowing this way to Poland from 1 November 2022. The capacity of approximately 10 billion m3 per year covers a significant part of domestic demand; already in 2023 PGNiG planned to import at least 6.5 billion m3 of gas via this route.
Sources:
  - Gaz-System: Koszt Baltic Pipe po stronie polskiej wyniesie około 874 mln euro (BiznesAlert.pl, 2017-06-13): https://biznesalert.pl/gaz-system-koszt-baltic-pipe-stronie-polskiej-wyniesie-okolo-874-mln-euro/
  - Inauguracja Baltic Pipe. Ile kosztował i jak przebiega system przesyłowy? [NAJWAŻNIEJSZE INFORMACJE] (Forsal.pl, 2022-09-27): https://forsal.pl/biznes/energetyka/artykuly/8556217,koszt-baltic-pipe-ponad-16-mld-euro.html
  - GAZ-SYSTEM zakończył budowę gazociągu Baltic Pipe (Gaz-System S.A., 2022-09-27): https://www.gaz-system.pl/pl/dla-mediow/komunikaty-prasowe/2022/wrzesen/27-09-2022-gaz-system-zakonczyl-budowe-gazociagu-baltic-pipe.html
  - Baltic Pipe – inwestycje zrealizowane ze środków UE (Gaz-System S.A.): https://www.gaz-system.pl/pl/system-przesylowy/wsparcie-ue/inwestycje-zrealizowane-ze-srodkow-ue/baltic-pipe.html
  - Gaz z Norwegii już płynie do Polski przez Baltic Pipe (Parkiet, 2022-11-01): https://www.parkiet.com/surowce-i-paliwa/art37336711-gaz-z-norwegii-juz-plynie-do-polski-przez-baltic-pipe
  - Baltic Pipe od 30 listopada ruszył z pełną przepustowością (Muratorplus.pl, 2022-11-30): https://www.muratorplus.pl/inwestycje/inwestycje-publiczne/baltic-pipe-otwarcie-przepustowosc-gazociagu-baltic-pipe-aa-4Xpn-W4pA-T6zz.html
  - Baltic Pipe już otwarty. Wszystko, co trzeba wiedzieć o nowym gazociągu [EXPLAINER] (300Gospodarka, 2022-09-27): https://300gospodarka.pl/analizy/gazociag-baltic-pipe-kiedy-otwarcie-ile-gazu
  - Tłocznia gazu Odolanów (Gaz-System S.A.): https://www.gaz-system.pl/pl/system-przesylowy/wsparcie-ue/inwestycje-zrealizowane-ze-srodkow-ue/baltic-pipe/rozbudowa-polskiego-systemu-przesylowego/tlocznia-gazu-odolanow.html
  - GAZ-SYSTEM – pierwsza rocznica uruchomienia Baltic Pipe (Gaz-System S.A., 2023-10-06): https://www.gaz-system.pl/pl/dla-mediow/komunikaty-prasowe/2023/pazdziernik/06-10-2023-gaz-system-pierwsza-rocznica-uruchomienia-baltic-pipe.html
  - Baltic Pipe wypełnia się polskim gazem z norweskich złóż (Cleaner Energy, 2024-04-09): https://cleanerenergy.pl/2024/04/09/baltic-pipe-wypelnia-sie-polskim-gazem-z-norweskich-zloz/

## Aegis Ashore Missile Defense Base at Redzikowo
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/baza-przeciwrakietowa-aegis-ashore-w-redzikowie
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 3.6 bn PLN | Investor: US Navy (Aegis Ashore Missile Defense System) / NATO
Timeline: started 2016-05-13, planned 2024, delivered 2024-11-13
Outcome: delivered, delayed, over budget
Description: The U.S. Aegis Ashore missile defense base at Redzikowo near Słupsk (Pomorskie Voivodeship), the land-based component of the Aegis system and part of NATO's ballistic missile defense (BMD/EPAA) alongside the twin installation at Deveselu in Romania. Construction was inaugurated on 13 May 2016; the facility reached operational status on 15 December 2023, and its official opening took place on 13 November 2024. The installation, equipped with launchers for SM-3 interceptor missiles, is designed to detect, track, and engage medium- and intermediate-range ballistic missiles in defense of Alliance territory.
Significance: Redzikowo is one of two land-based interceptor sites of the Aegis Ashore system in Europe (alongside Deveselu in Romania), completing NATO's ballistic missile defense architecture on the Alliance's eastern flank. With the achievement of readiness, the base extends protection against medium- and intermediate-range ballistic missiles to the northern part of the continent, and it is staffed by U.S. Navy personnel operating within NATO structures.
Sources:
  - NATO missile defence base in Poland now mission ready (NATO, 2024-07-10): https://www.nato.int/en/news-and-events/articles/news/2024/07/10/nato-missile-defence-base-in-poland-now-mission-ready
  - Baza tarczy antyrakietowej w Redzikowie (Wikipedia, 2026-07-15): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baza_tarczy_antyrakietowej_w_Redzikowie
  - Rusza amerykanska baza w Polsce. Tak reaguje Kreml (money.pl, 2024-11-13): https://www.money.pl/gospodarka/dzis-otwarcie-bazy-w-redzikowie-tyle-kosztowala-7092185110494144a.html
  - Otwarcie amerykanskiej bazy Aegis Ashore w Redzikowie (Biuro Bezpieczenstwa Narodowego (bbn.gov.pl), 2024-11-13): https://www.bbn.gov.pl/pl/wydarzenia/10026,Otwarcie-amerykanskiej-bazy-Aegis-Ashore-w-Redzikowie.html
  - Aegis Ashore in Poland delayed (MILMAG, 2020): https://milmag.pl/en/aegis-ashore-in-poland-delayed/
  - United States missile defense complex in Poland (Wikipedia, 2026-07-15): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_missile_defense_complex_in_Poland

## Żarnowiec Battery Energy Storage System (BESS, 262 MW / 981 MWh)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/bess-zarnowiec
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 1.6 bn PLN | Investor: PGE Polska Grupa Energetyczna
Timeline: announced 2022-07, started 2025-03-24, planned 2027
Description: A large-scale battery energy storage system with a capacity of 262 MW and approximately 981 MWh, being built by PGE Polska Grupa Energetyczna in Pomorskie Voivodeship, adjacent to the Żarnowiec pumped-storage power plant. The general contractor is LG Energy Solution Wrocław, and the contract value is PLN 1.555 billion gross. Construction was inaugurated in March 2025; by July 2026, more than 150 of the 204 battery units had been installed and a power transformer delivered. Completion is planned for 2027, and the project benefits from support under the National Recovery Plan.
Significance: Once completed, it is set to be the largest battery energy storage facility in Poland and one of the largest in Europe. The installation is intended to support the integration of renewable energy sources and the stabilization of the national power system; the project secured a 17-year contract in the capacity market auction for 2029, as well as Poland's first permit promise (promesa koncesji) for electricity storage.
Sources:
  - PGE podpisała z LG Energy Solution Wrocław umowę na budowę jednego z największych magazynów energii elektrycznej w Europie (LG Energy Solution Wrocław, 2025-03-07): https://lgensol.pl/pge-podpisala-z-lg-energy-solution-wroclaw-umowe-na-budowe-jednego-z-najwiekszych-magazynow-energii-elektrycznej-w-europie/
  - LG Energy Solution Wrocław rozpoczyna budowę Magazynu Energii Żarnowiec – kluczowej inwestycji dla transformacji energetycznej Polski (LG Energy Solution Wrocław, 2025-03-25): https://lgensol.pl/lg-energy-solution-wroclaw-rozpoczyna-budowe-magazynu-energii-zarnowiec-kluczowej-inwestycji-dla-transformacji-energetycznej-polski/
  - Kluczowy transformator dotarł do Żarnowca. PGE buduje wielki magazyn energii (Energetyka24, 2026-07-06): https://energetyka24.com/gospodarka/spolki/kluczowy-transformator-dotarl-do-zarnowca-pge-buduje-wielki-magazyn-energii
  - Przełom w budowie magazynu energii PGE. Kluczowy element dotarł do Żarnowca (Gramwzielone.pl, 2026-07-06): https://www.gramwzielone.pl/magazynowanie-energii/20366193/przelom-w-budowie-magazynu-energii-pge-kluczowy-element-dotarl-do-zarnowca
  - PGE zbuduje największy bateryjny magazyn energii w Europie (Gramwzielone.pl, 2022-07-21): https://www.gramwzielone.pl/magazynowanie-energii/108463/pge-zbuduje-najwiekszy-bateryjny-magazyn-energii-w-europie

## Stalowa Wola CCGT Combined-Cycle Gas Unit (450 MW)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/blok-gazowo-parowy-ccgt-stalowa-wola-450-mw
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 1.6 bn PLN | Investor: Elektrociepłownia Stalowa Wola S.A. (ECSW) - TAURON i PGNiG po 50%
Timeline: started 2012, delivered 2020-09-30
Outcome: delivered, delayed
Description: A combined-cycle gas turbine (CCGT) unit with a capacity of approximately 450 MWe, built in Stalowa Wola (Podkarpackie Voivodeship) by Elektrociepłownia Stalowa Wola (ECSW), a company in which TAURON and PGNiG each hold a 50% stake. Construction began in 2012; after the contract with the original general contractor was terminated, the investment was repeatedly delayed. The unit was synchronized with the grid on 24 August 2020 and handed over for operation on 30 September 2020. The unit operates in cogeneration, supplying electricity to the national power system and heat for the residents of Stalowa Wola and Nisko. The original cost estimate for the investment was nearly PLN 1.6 billion.
Significance: The unit, with a capacity of approximately 450 MW, can supply electricity to around 1.2 million households while also delivering district heat to the residents of Stalowa Wola and Nisko. Carbon dioxide emissions of approximately 360 kg/MWh meet the requirements of best available techniques (BAT), and the modern gas-fired source strengthens flexible dispatchable capacity in the National Power System.
Sources:
  - Blok gazowo-parowy Elektrociepłowni Stalowa Wola zsynchronizowany z siecią (TAURON Polska Energia S.A. (biuro prasowe), 2020-08-24): https://media.tauron.pl/pr/556849/blok-gazowo-parowy-elektrocieplowni-stalowa-wola-zsynchronizowany-z-siecia
  - Tauron: Blok gazowo-parowy w Stalowej Woli został przekazany do eksploatacji (Money.pl, 2020-09-30): https://www.money.pl/gielda/tauron-blok-gazowo-parowy-w-stalowej-woli-zostal-przekazany-do-eksploatacji-6559607948297857a.html
  - Elektrownia Stalowa Wola (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrownia_Stalowa_Wola
  - New CCGT unit in Stalowa Wola placed in service (PGNiG / ORLEN Upstream Norway, 2020-09-30): https://norway.pgnig.pl/news/-/news-list/id/new-ccgt-unit-in-stalowa-wola-placed-in-service/newsGroupId/1910852
  - EC Stalowa Wola zapłaci Abener Energia 92,7 mln euro (WNP.pl (Wirtualny Nowy Przemysł), 2022): https://www.wnp.pl/energia/ec-stalowa-wola-zaplaci-abener-energia-92-7-mln-euro,523449.html
  - Blok gazowy w Stalowej Woli wreszcie ukończony (Rzeczpospolita (energia.rp.pl), 2020): https://energia.rp.pl/energetyka-zawodowa/art17027921-blok-gazowy-w-stalowej-woli-wreszcie-ukonczony
  - Elektrociepłownia Stalowa Wola (Politechnika Warszawska - Inwestycje Energetyczne): https://inwestycjeenergetyczne.pw.edu.pl/inwestycja/elektrocieplownia-stalowa-wola/

## Combined-Cycle Gas Unit at the Żerań CHP Plant (Warsaw, 497 MW)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/blok-gazowo-parowy-w-ec-zeran-warszawa-497-mw
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 1.6 bn PLN | Investor: PGNiG Termika S.A. (obecnie ORLEN Termika)
Timeline: delivered 2021-12-13
Outcome: delivered, delayed
Description: A combined-cycle gas unit with a gross electrical capacity of approximately 497 MWe (494 MWe) and a thermal capacity of 326 MWt, built at the Żerań Combined Heat and Power Plant in Warsaw (Mazowieckie Voivodeship) by PGNiG Termika (now ORLEN Termika). The general contractor was a consortium of Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Europe and Polimex Mostostal, and the investment value was approximately PLN 1.6 billion. The contractor handed the unit over for operation on 6 December 2021, and the unit began commercial operation on 13 December 2021. At the Żerań CHP plant, the unit serves as the baseload unit and replaced worn-out coal boilers, enabling the shutdown of nine coal boilers in total.
Significance: The commissioning of the combined-cycle gas unit made it possible to significantly reduce the role of coal in Warsaw's district heating system - the new unit, together with gas boiler houses, enabled the shutdown of nine coal boilers in total. The unit is designed to produce approximately 3 TWh of electricity and 1.9 TWh of heat annually, and according to the sponsor the investment lowers greenhouse gas emissions by more than 40 percent per unit of energy produced; CO2 emissions at the plant fall from approximately 95 to at least 56 kg per GJ of energy produced, strengthening security and improving the environmental performance of heat and power supply for Warsaw.
Sources:
  - PGNiG Termika: najważniejsze inwestycje gazowe w EC Żerań zakończone (Portal Komunalny, 2021): https://portalkomunalny.pl/pgnig-termika-najwazniejsze-inwestycje-gazowe-w-ec-zeran-zakonczone-429475/
  - Blok gazowo-parowy w EC Żerań już w eksploatacji. PGNiG Termika znacząco redukuje udział węgla w miksie (WNP.pl, 2021-12-30): https://www.wnp.pl/energia/blok-gazowo-parowy-w-ec-zeran-juz-w-eksploatacji-pgnig-termika-znaczaco-redukuje-udzial-wegla-w-miksie,522483.html
  - Blok gazowo-parowy w EC Żerań - Inwestycje Energetyczne (Politechnika Warszawska (Inwestycje Energetyczne)): https://inwestycjeenergetyczne.pw.edu.pl/inwestycja/blok-gazowo-parowy-w-ec-zeran/
  - Blok gazowo-parowy w Elektrociepłowni Żerań (ORLEN Termika): https://termika.orlen.pl/zrownowazony-rozwoj/nowoczesna-energetyka-cieplna/kluczowe-projekty/blok-gazowo-parowy-w-elektrocieplowni-zeran/
  - Blok gazowy w Elektrociepłowni Żerań ma roczne opóźnienie (BiznesAlert.pl): https://biznesalert.pl/elektrocieplownia-zeran-pgnig-termika-gaz-energetyka/
  - Elektrociepłownia Żerań. PGNiG Termika wzywa do zapłaty kar - jest komunikat Polimex Mostostal (TVN24 Biznes): https://tvn24.pl/biznes/z-kraju/elektrocieplownia-zeran-pgnig-termika-wzywa-do-zaplaty-kar-jest-komunikat-polimex-mostostal-st7522301

## IGCC Unit at the Bogdanka Mine (coal gasification, Enea/Mitsubishi)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/blok-igcc-przy-kopalni-bogdanka-zgazowanie-wegla-enea-mitsub
Status: cancelled | Stage: announced | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): n/a | Investor: Enea
Timeline: n/a
Outcome: abandoned
Description: A planned power plant based on integrated gasification combined-cycle (IGCC) coal gasification technology with a capacity on the order of 300–500 MW, which the Enea Group intended to build at the Bogdanka mine near Łęczna in cooperation with the Japanese group Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems. Former Minister of Energy Krzysztof Tchórzewski presented it as a pilot unit that was to be the largest installation of its kind in the world. In 2020 the companies obtained UOKiK approval to establish a joint venture, but that same year work on developing the project was frozen by the Polish side due to doubts about its profitability under the realities of EU climate policy. In 2023 Enea confirmed that its strategy does not envisage the use of IGCC technology and that the project would not enter the implementation phase.
Significance: The project was a flagship concept for so-called clean coal in Poland's energy sector – it was to use domestic Bogdanka deposits to produce energy using coal gasification technology, instead of a conventional coal-fired unit. Its abandonment became a symbol of the Enea Group's departure from coal investments in favor of energy transition and the development of renewable energy sources; the role of Bogdanka in the potential project was, in any case, limited solely to fuel supply.
Reason for failure: The IGCC unit project at the Bogdanka mine never entered the implementation phase. Despite obtaining UOKiK approval in 2020 for a joint venture between Enea and Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems, work was frozen by the Polish side in November 2020 due to doubts about profitability under EU climate policy conditions. In 2023 Enea confirmed that its strategy does not envisage IGCC technology and that it does not plan to carry out this project.
Sources:
  - Koncern Enea nie widzi przyszłości w zgazowaniu węgla (Rzeczpospolita (energia.rp.pl), 2023-04-20): https://energia.rp.pl/wegiel/art38354531-koncern-enea-nie-widzi-przyszlosci-w-zgazowaniu-wegla
  - Enea żegna się ze zgazowaniem węgla (Parkiet, 2023-04-19): https://www.parkiet.com/energetyka/art38354231-enea-zegna-sie-ze-zgazowaniem-wegla
  - Polska elektrownia na zgazowany węgiel coraz mniej realna (WNP.pl, 2020-11-20): https://www.wnp.pl/budownictwo/polska-elektrownia-na-zgazowany-wegiel-coraz-mniej-realna,432424.html
  - Enea łączy siły z Mitsubishi Hitachi. Chcą wybudować blok na zgazowany węgiel w Bogdance (Money.pl, 2019): https://www.money.pl/gospodarka/enea-laczy-sily-z-mitsubishi-hitachi-chca-wybudowac-blok-na-zgazowany-wegiel-w-bogdance-6466917753898625a.html
  - Zgazowanie węgla przy kopalni Bogdanka (BiznesAlert.pl, 2019-09-02): https://biznesalert.pl/zgazowanie-wegla-bogdanka-wegiel-energetyka/

## Dolna Odra Combined-Cycle Gas Units (Gryfino) — 2x ~700 MW
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/bloki-gazowo-parowe-dolna-odra-gryfino-2x-700-mw
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 4.7 bn PLN | Investor: PGE Górnictwo i Energetyka Konwencjonalna S.A. (Grupa PGE)
Timeline: delivered 2024-10-29
Outcome: delivered, delayed
Description: The construction of two combined-cycle gas (CCGT) units, no. 9 and no. 10, at the Dolna Odra Power Plant Complex in Nowe Czarnowo near Gryfino (Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship), belonging to PGE Górnictwo i Energetyka Konwencjonalna of the PGE Group. Each unit has a rated gross electrical capacity of 683 MWe, for a total of approximately 1,366 MW of new gas-fired capacity. The investment was carried out by a consortium of General Electric (GE Vernova) as leader and Polimex Mostostal. Unit no. 9 was handed over for operation in August 2024, and unit no. 10 at the end of October 2024 — with a significant delay relative to the original deadline of December 2023.
Significance: The two combined-cycle gas units with a total capacity of approximately 1,366 MW replaced part of the aging coal-fired generating capacity and made the Dolna Odra power plant the largest gas-fired power plant in Poland. The investment strengthens security of energy supply in north-western Poland and provides flexible, dispatchable capacity balancing the growing share of renewable sources in the national power system.
Sources:
  - Z opóźnieniem, ale jest. Wreszcie ruszył duży blok gazowy w elektrowni Dolna Odra (WNP.pl, 2024-08): https://www.wnp.pl/energia/z-opoznieniem-ale-jest-wreszcie-ruszyl-duzy-blok-gazowy-w-elektrowni-dolna-odra,864779.html
  - W elektrowni Dolna Odra oddano do eksploatacji nowy blok gazowo-parowy (elektro.info, 2024-08): https://www.elektro.info.pl/artykul/najnowsze/204756,w-elektrowni-dolna-odra-oddano-do-eksploatacji-nowy-blok-gazowo-parowy
  - Elektrownia Dolna Odra (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrownia_Dolna_Odra
  - Ruszył duży blok gazowy. Inwestycja za miliardy ze sporym opóźnieniem (Interia Biznes, 2024-08): https://biznes.interia.pl/gieldy/aktualnosci/news-po-miesiacach-opoznien-ruszyl-duzy-blok-gazowy-kosztowal-wie,nId,7759836
  - PGE podpisała kontrakt na budowę dwóch bloków gazowo-parowych o mocy ok. 1400 MW w Elektrowni Dolna Odra (PGE GiEK (Zespół Elektrowni Dolna Odra), 2020-01-30): https://zedolnaodra.pgegiek.pl/Aktualnosci/pge-podpisala-kontrakt-na-budowe-dwoch-blokow-gazowo-parowych-o-mocy-ok.-1400-mw-w-elektrowni-dolna-odra
  - PGE otwiera nowy rozdział w wielkoskalowej energetyce gazowej. Wykłada kasę na blisko 1200 MW (WNP.pl, 2026-03): https://www.wnp.pl/energia/pge-otwiera-nowy-rozdzial-w-wielkoskalowej-energetyce-gazowej-wyklada-kase-na-blisko-1200-mw,1038209.html
  - 1,4 GW nowych mocy gazowych w systemie. PGE Gryfino Dolna Odra już działa (Teraz Środowisko, 2024-10): https://www.teraz-srodowisko.pl/aktualnosci/pge-gryfino-dolna-odra-elektrownia-gazowa-cieplownictwo-koalicja-klimatyczna-15863.html

## Combined-Cycle Gas Units at the Kozienice Power Plant (2x CCGT, 1336 MW)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/bloki-gazowo-parowe-w-elektrowni-kozienice-2x-ccgt-1336-mw
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 7.0 bn PLN | Investor: Enea Elkogaz (Grupa Enea)
Timeline: started 2026-01-02, planned 2029-06-30
Description: The construction of two combined-cycle gas units using CCGT technology with a total installed gross capacity of approximately 1,336 MWe at the Kozienice Power Plant in Świerże Górne. The investment is being carried out by Enea Elkogaz of the Enea Group, and the general contractor for the turnkey (EPC) contract is the Turkish company Calik Enerji; the technology supplier is GE Vernova. The construction site was handed over to the contractor on 2 January 2026, and the handover of the units for operation is planned for 31 March 2029 and 30 June 2029. Financing of PLN 6.95 billion was provided in December 2025 by a consortium of Polish banks led by Bank Gospodarstwa Krajowego. The project replaces worn-out coal-fired capacity at Kozienice.
Significance: The two combined-cycle gas units with a capacity of approximately 1,336 MWe are intended to replace aging coal-fired capacity at the Kozienice Power Plant, providing a stable, controllable energy source supporting the security of the National Power System during the transition period. The project secured capacity market support for 17 years from 2029, and the share of Polish companies in its execution is estimated at approximately 75%, giving a development impulse to the central-eastern Poland region.
Sources:
  - Ruszyła budowa bloków gazowo-parowych w Kozienicach. Enea stawia na polskie kompetencje i polskie firmy (Grupa Enea, 2026-02-16): https://media.enea.pl/pr/864806/ruszyla-budowa-blokow-gazowo-parowych-w-kozienicach-enea-stawia-na-polskie-kompetencje-i-polskie-firmy
  - Nowe bloki gazowe Enei. Rusza budowa (Parkiet, 2026-02-16): https://www.parkiet.com/energetyka/art43821151-enea-rusza-z-budowa-blokow-gazowych-w-kozienicach
  - Enea: ruszyła budowa dwóch bloków gazowych w Elektrowni Kozienice (WNP.pl, 2026-02-16): https://www.wnp.pl/rynki/enea-ruszyla-budowa-dwoch-blokow-gazowych-w-elektrowni-kozienice,1033341.html
  - Enea rozpoczęła budowę bloków gazowo-parowych w Kozienicach o łącznej mocy 1336 MWe (Bankier.pl / PAP, 2026-02-16): https://www.bankier.pl/wiadomosc/Enea-rozpoczela-budowe-blokow-gazowo-parowych-w-Kozienicach-o-lacznej-mocy-1336-MWe-9085026.html
  - Enea Wytwarzanie (Wikipedia): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enea_Wytwarzanie

## CAMILA – National Constellation of Earth Observation Satellites (ESA/NRP)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/camila-narodowa-konstelacja-satelitow-obserwacyjnych-esa-kpo
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 223 mln PLN | Investor: Ministerstwo Rozwoju i Technologii
Timeline: announced 2025-04-15, started 2025-04, planned 2029-11
Outcome: delayed
Description: CAMILA (Country Awareness Mission in Land Analysis) is a national Earth observation satellite constellation being built by Creotech Instruments S.A. as the main contractor. The constellation was ordered by the Ministry of Development and Technology, which entrusted the conduct and management of the tender to the European Space Agency (ESA). The original contract from April 2025, valued at approximately EUR 51.9 million, covers at least three satellites (radar, high-resolution optical, and lower-resolution optical) together with a ground segment for satellite control and data processing. According to ESA, more than 90 percent of the solution consists of technology developed in Poland, and the intellectual property rights remain in the country. In November 2025 the contract was expanded to more than EUR 59 million, adding a fourth satellite on the HyperSat platform and extending the schedule. It is the largest contract ever signed between ESA and a Polish entity.
Significance: The constellation is intended to give Poland its own sovereign Earth observation capabilities – both radar and optical – together with a domestic ground segment for satellite control and data processing. Thanks to the more than 90-percent share of domestic technology and the retention of intellectual property rights in Poland, the project strengthens the technological independence of the Polish space sector and engages several hundred specialists across the country.
Sources:
  - Creotech Instruments secures €52 million ESA contract to build Polish satellite constellation CAMILA (Creotech Instruments, 2025-04-15): https://creotech.pl/news/creotech-instruments-will-build-national-camila-satellite-constellation-for-nearly-e52-million/
  - Creotech Instruments secures €52 million ESA contract to build Polish satellite constellation CAMILA (SpaceNews, 2025-04-16): https://spacenews.com/creotech-instruments-secures-e52-million-esa-contract-to-build-polish-satellite-constellation-camila/
  - Creotech Instruments podpisał umowę z ESA na realizację projektu Camila o wartości niemal 52 mln euro (Nauka w Polsce (PAP), 2025-04-15): https://naukawpolsce.pl/aktualnosci/news,107504,creotech-instruments-podpisal-umowe-z-esa-na-realizacje-projektu-camila-o
  - Creotech Instruments extends ESA contract under the CAMILA project (Creotech Instruments, 2025-11): https://creotech.pl/news/creotech-instruments-extends-esa-contract-under-the-camila-project/
  - Creotech plans $118 million capital raise, investment in new satellite factory (SpaceNews, 2024): https://spacenews.com/creotech-plans-118-million-capital-raise-investment-in-new-satellite-factory/

## Camp Kościuszko – forward command post of the US Army V Corps (Poznań)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/camp-kosciuszko-wysuniete-dowodztwo-v-korpusu-us-army-poznan
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): n/a | Investor: n/a
Timeline: announced 2020, started 2020, delivered 2023-03-21
Outcome: delivered
Description: A military base in Poznań serving as the seat of the forward command post of the United States Army V Corps. The corps' forward command post has operated in Poznań since autumn 2020; during the NATO summit in Madrid in June 2022, the US President announced its conversion into a permanent (non-rotational) presence of American forces in Poland. On 30 July 2022 the base was named "Camp Kościuszko", commemorating the Polish-American hero Tadeusz Kościuszko. The first soldiers assigned to Poland on a permanent basis (under permanent change of station status) reached the base at the turn of winter 2023, and on 21 March 2023 the U.S. Army Garrison Poland (USAG Poland) was established at the complex — the first permanent garrison of American forces in Poland. It is the only command of this level deployed in Europe.
Significance: Camp Kościuszko is the first permanent military presence of the United States in Poland and the only command of this level in Europe (forward command post of the U.S. Army V Corps). Its task is to coordinate and oversee American land forces in Europe, conduct operational planning, and synchronize activities with the forces of other NATO states, making it an important element in reinforcing the Alliance's eastern flank and in guaranteeing Poland's security.
Sources:
  - The Polish-American hero is the patron of the V Corps Headquarters (Forward) in Poland (Ministerstwo Obrony Narodowej, 2022-07-30): https://www.gov.pl/web/national-defence/the-polish-american-hero-is-the-patron-of-the-v-corps-headquarters-forward-in-poland
  - Camp Kościuszko (Polska) (Wikipedia): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko_(Polska)
  - Camp Kościuszko (Wikipedia): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camp_Ko%C5%9Bciuszko
  - Pierwszy stały garnizon US Army w Polsce od 21 marca 2023 r. "Camp Kościuszko" (Infor.pl, 2023-03-21): https://samorzad.infor.pl/wiadomosci/5706945,pierwszy-staly-garnizon-us-army-w-polsce-od-21-marca-2023-r-camp-kosciuszko.html
  - Poland says it too has gotten word that US won't slash its troop presence there (Stars and Stripes, 2025-10-31): https://www.stripes.com/theaters/europe/2025-10-31/poland-us-troop-levels-19606132.html
  - U.S. Army Garrison Poland — About (U.S. Army (home.army.mil)): https://home.army.mil/poland/about/garrison
  - New education center in Poland signals progress as US presence grows (Stars and Stripes, 2026-04-16): https://www.stripes.com/branches/army/2026-04-16/usag-poland-opens-new-education-center-in-powidz,-graduates-seven-soldiers-21387766.html

## CCGT Grudziądz II (Unit II)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/ccgt-grudziadz-ii-blok-ii
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 3.1 bn PLN | Investor: CCGT Grudziądz Sp. z o.o. (Grupa Energa)
Timeline: announced 2025-09-15, started 2025, planned 2029
Description: The second combined-cycle gas turbine (CCGT) unit in Grudziądz, being developed by CCGT Grudziądz Sp. z o.o. of the Energa Group as a separate investment alongside the Unit I under construction. On 15 September 2025 a contract was signed with the Siemens Energy consortium for the design and construction of a unit with a capacity of approximately 560 MWe net for an estimated approximately PLN 3.1 billion. Construction work is scheduled to begin in 2025, with the unit's commissioning planned for 2029.
Significance: Unit II, together with the Unit I under construction, will increase the Energa Group's generation capacity by more than 1.1 GW of flexible gas-fired power, supporting the balancing of the national power system during the transition away from coal. The unit is covered by long-term capacity obligations with deliveries from 2029.
Sources:
  - Zawarcie umowy z Generalnym Wykonawcą budowy drugiego bloku gazowo-parowego (CCGT) w Grudziądzu (Energa SA (relacje inwestorskie), 2025-09-15): https://ir.energa.pl/pr/857740/zawarcie-umowy-z-generalnym-wykonawca-budowy-drugiego-bloku-gazowo-parowego-ccgt-w-grudziadzu
  - Rozpoczyna się budowa kolejnych bloków gazowo-parowych. Energa wybrała wykonawców (Energa SA (biuro prasowe), 2025-09-15): https://media.energa.pl/pr/857708/rozpoczyna-sie-budowa-kolejnych-blokow-gazowo-parowych-energa-wybrala-wykonawcow
  - Opis inwestycji - CCGT Grudziądz (CCGT Grudziądz Sp. z o.o.): https://ccgt-grudziadz.pl/informacje-o-projekcie/opis-inwestycji
  - Energa zleciła konsorcjum Siemens budowę bloku CCGT Grudziądz II za 3,1 mld zł (Inwestycje.pl, 2025-09-15): https://inwestycje.pl/biznes/energa-zlecila-konsorcjum-siemens-budowe-bloku-ccgt-grudziadz-ii-za-31-mld-zl/

## CCGT Ostrołęka combined-cycle gas power plant
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/ccgt-ostroleka
Status: under construction | Stage: commissioning | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 2.9 bn PLN | Investor: CCGT Ostrołęka sp. z o.o. (Grupa Energa / Grupa ORLEN)
Timeline: started 2022-03-24, planned 2026
Outcome: delayed
Description: A combined-cycle gas turbine unit with a capacity of 745 MWe net being built in Ostrołęka (Mazowieckie Voivodeship) by CCGT Ostrołęka sp. z o.o. of the Energa Group (ORLEN Group), after the coal-fired Ostrołęka C project was abandoned and the technology switched to gas. The general contractor under the EPC formula is GE Power and General Electric Global Services; the notice to proceed (NTP) was issued on 24 March 2022. In October 2023 an addendum raised the contractor's estimated remuneration from approx. PLN 2.5 to approx. PLN 2.85 billion net, among other reasons due to the effects of the war in Ukraine. The contractual date for signing the provisional acceptance certificate was set at 31 December 2025; in December 2025 the unit entered the cold-start phase, and as of March 2026 the project was approximately 90% complete, with the first firing of the gas turbine planned for mid-2026 and an operational milestone in the second half of 2026. The unit will be fuelled by natural gas from the Poland-Lithuania interconnector via a pipeline approximately 28 km long.
Significance: The 745 MW unit, thanks to its high operational flexibility, is intended to support the security of the National Power System during the energy transition, in line with the goals of Poland's energy policy up to 2040. As a source fuelled by high-methane natural gas from the Poland-Lithuania interconnector, it replaces the abandoned coal-fired Ostrołęka C project and closes the dispatchable capacity balance in north-eastern Poland.
Sources:
  - Spółka CCGT Ostrołęka wydała polecenie rozpoczęcia prac związanych z budową elektrowni gazowo-parowej (Bankier.pl, 2022-03-24): https://www.bankier.pl/wiadomosc/Spolka-CCGT-Ostroleka-wydala-polecenie-rozpoczecia-prac-zwiazanych-z-budowa-elektrowni-gazowo-parowej-8305087.html
  - Droższa elektrownia w Ostrołęce. Wiadomo, o ile wzrosną koszty (Money.pl, 2023-10-03): https://www.money.pl/gospodarka/drozsza-elektrownia-w-ostrolece-wiadomo-o-ile-wzrosna-koszty-6948258494409312a.html
  - Tak powstaje elektrownia CCGT Ostrołęka (Energa SA (biuro prasowe), 2025-01-31): https://media.energa.pl/pr/847012/tak-powstaje-elektrownia-ccgt-ostroleka
  - Blok CCGT Ostrołęka wszedł w fazę rozruchów (Energa SA (biuro prasowe), 2025-12-12): https://media.energa.pl/pr/862179/blok-ccgt-ostroleka-wszedl-w-faze-rozruchow
  - CCGT Ostrołęka - strona oficjalna projektu (CCGT Ostrołęka sp. z o.o.): https://ccgt-ostroleka.pl/
  - Elektrownia gazowa w Ostrołęce. Minister tłumaczy opóźnienie, ok. 90% gotowości (eOstroleka.pl, 2026-03-20): https://www.eostroleka.pl/minister-tlumaczy-opoznienie-budowy-elektrowni-gazowej-w-ostrolece-90-gotowosci,art126588.html

## CCGT Włocławek combined-cycle CHP plant (463 MW)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/ccgt-wloclawek-463-mw
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 1.4 bn PLN | Investor: PKN Orlen S.A.
Timeline: started 2013-04, delivered 2017-06
Description: A CCGT combined-cycle unit in Włocławek with an electrical capacity of 463 MWe, built by PKN Orlen as Poland's first large-scale unit of this type. The installation operates in cogeneration, producing electricity as well as heat and process steam for the needs of the neighbouring Anwil chemical plant and the entire industrial complex in Włocławek; surplus electricity is fed into the National Power System. The general contractor was a consortium of General Electric and SNC-Lavalin Polska. The cornerstone was laid in April 2013, and the investment was completed — behind the original schedule — on 19 June 2017. Total capital expenditure was estimated at nearly PLN 1.4 billion. The unit's overall efficiency exceeds 60 percent.
Significance: Poland's first large-scale combined-cycle gas CHP plant (463 MWe), built by PKN Orlen. High-efficiency cogeneration (overall efficiency >60 percent) ensures security of supply of electricity and process steam for the Anwil plant and the entire industrial complex in Włocławek, while surplus power is directed to the National Power System. The investment strengthened the fuel group's presence in energy generation and became a model project for subsequent CCGT units built in Poland.
Sources:
  - CCGT Włocławek – Inwestycje Energetyczne (Politechnika Warszawska (Wydział ITC)): https://inwestycjeenergetyczne.pw.edu.pl/inwestycja/ccgt-wloclawek/
  - PKN Orlen: CCGT Włocławek już pracuje, wkrótce pełna moc bloku (Money.pl, 2019-04): https://www.money.pl/gielda/pkn-orlen-ccgt-wloclawek-juz-pracuje-wkrotce-pelna-moc-bloku-6374154748700289a.html
  - Sukces negocjacji – porozumienie z wykonawcą CCGT Włocławek (PKN Orlen, 2018-03-28): https://www.orlen.pl/pl/o-firmie/media/komunikaty-prasowe/archiwum/2018/marzec/sukces-negocjacji--porozumienie-z-wykonawca-ccgt-wloclawek

## Central Integrated Clinical Hospital in Poznań
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/centralny-zintegrowany-szpital-kliniczny-w-poznaniu
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 860 mln PLN | Investor: Uniwersytet Medyczny im. Karola Marcinkowskiego w Poznaniu; Uniwersytecki Szpital Kliniczny w Poznaniu
Timeline: started 2021-07-28, planned 2027
Outcome: delayed
Description: The Central Integrated Clinical Hospital (CZSK) in Poznań is a modern complex of five modules being built in the Grunwald district, in the area of Grunwaldzka and Przybyszewskiego streets, intended to consolidate the previously dispersed clinics of Poznań's medical community into a single facility. The investor is the Poznań University of Medical Sciences named after Karol Marcinkowski together with the University Clinical Hospital in Poznań, and the programme is financed mainly from the state budget (over PLN 520 million). Construction of the first stage was officially inaugurated on 28 July 2021; the contractor for stage IA is the WARBUD company. Ultimately the facility, with a usable area of approximately 45,000 m², is to have nearly 900 beds. The first two buildings, housing among others the Hospital Emergency Department with an operating block, were officially opened on 4 April 2024, and the transfer of medical operations from the historic buildings on Długa, Grunwaldzka and Przybyszewskiego streets was planned by 2026. In 2023 the programme's cost rose from nearly PLN 591 million to PLN 860 million (by more than PLN 269 million), and the implementation period was extended from 2020-2025 to 2020-2027.
Significance: The investment, described as the largest in the history of the Poznań University of Medical Sciences, is intended to consolidate its dispersed clinics into a single modern complex with a usable area of approximately 45,000 m², ultimately equipped with nearly 900 beds. The first two buildings, opened in April 2024, house among others the Hospital Emergency Department with an operating block and an intensive care unit. The project illustrates the problem typical of large hospital investments — budget overruns and schedule slippage: the cost rose from nearly PLN 591 million to PLN 860 million, and completion was pushed from 2025 to 2027.
Sources:
  - Budowa Centralnego Zintegrowanego Szpitala Klinicznego potrwa dłużej i będzie droższa (Rynek Zdrowia, 2023-07-30): https://www.rynekzdrowia.pl/Inwestycje/Budowa-Centralnego-Zintegrowanego-Szpitala-Klinicznego-potrwa-dluzej-i-bedzie-drozsza,248307,3.html
  - Rusza budowa Centralnego Zintegrowanego Szpitala Klinicznego (Poznan.pl, 2021-07-28): https://www.poznan.pl/mim/info/news/rusza-budowa-centralnego-zintegrowanego-szpitala-klinicznego,167693.html
  - Centralny Zintegrowany Szpital Kliniczny w Poznaniu – jest umowa na drugi etap budowy (Co w zdrowiu, 2023-04-03): https://cowzdrowiu.pl/aktualnosci/post/zintegrowany-szpital-kliniczny-w-poznaniu-rusza-drugi-etap-budowy
  - Budowa Centralnego Zintegrowanego Szpitala Klinicznego rozpoczęta (Uniwersytet Medyczny w Poznaniu, 2021-07-28): https://www.ump.edu.pl/aktualnosci/budowa-centralnego-zintegrowanego-szpitala-klinicznego-rozpoczeta
  - Nowy SOR Centralnego Zintegrowanego Szpitala Klinicznego (Poznan.pl, 2024-04-04): https://www.poznan.pl/mim/info/news/nowy-sor-centralnego-zintegrowanego-szpitala-klinicznego,226476.html
  - Centralny Zintegrowany Szpital Kliniczny w Poznaniu – inwestycja dla bezpieczeństwa zdrowotnego regionu (dlaszpitali.pl, 2025-01-28): https://dlaszpitali.pl/strefa-wiedzy/infrastruktura-szpitalna/centralny-zintegrowany-szpital-kliniczny-w-poznaniu-inwestycja-dla-bezpieczenstwa-zdrowotnego-regionu/

## Copernicus Science Centre in Warsaw
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/centrum-nauki-kopernik
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 365 mln PLN | Investor: Miasto Stołeczne Warszawa, Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego oraz Ministerstwo Edukacji Narodowej (współorganizatorzy instytucji kultury)
Timeline: started 2008-08, delivered 2010-11-05
Outcome: delivered
Description: An interactive science centre in Warsaw's Powiśle district, at 20 Wybrzeże Kościuszkowskie street, run as a cultural institution co-founded by the Capital City of Warsaw, the Ministry of Science and Higher Education, and the Ministry of National Education. Construction of the building began in August 2008, and the facility was opened to visitors on 5 November 2010, inaugurating its activity with the multimedia show "The Big Bang". The total cost of building the facility amounted to over PLN 365 million, of which PLN 207 million was a grant from European Union funds. In June 2011 the Centre's Heavens of Copernicus planetarium was opened. The facility holds hundreds of interactive exhibits and is among the most visited institutions of this type in Poland.
Significance: The Copernicus Science Centre became the largest interactive science centre in Poland and one of the largest in Europe, implementing a model of popularizing knowledge based on independent experimentation. The investment, worth over PLN 365 million and largely (PLN 207 million) financed from European Union funds, was created as a joint undertaking of Warsaw's local government and the central administration. Since its opening on 5 November 2010, the facility has attracted more than a million visitors a year, and its offer was complemented by the Heavens of Copernicus planetarium opened in 2011. The building has become a recognizable landmark on the map of Warsaw's Powiśle and a model for subsequent science centres established in other Polish cities.
Sources:
  - Centrum Nauki Kopernik już otwarte (Miasto Stołeczne Warszawa (um.warszawa.pl), 2010-11-05): https://um.warszawa.pl/-/centrum-nauki-kopernik-juz-otwarte
  - "Wielki Wybuch" otworzył Centrum Nauki Kopernik (Nauka w Polsce (PAP), 2010-11-06): https://naukawpolsce.pl/aktualnosci/news,377344,wielki-wybuch-otworzyl-centrum-nauki-kopernik.html
  - Centrum Nauki Kopernik w Warszawie (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centrum_Nauki_Kopernik_w_Warszawie
  - Centrum Nauki Kopernik w Warszawie – doświadczenia dla ponad miliona zwiedzających rocznie (Laboratorium Muzeum): https://laboratoriummuzeum.pl/centrum-nauki-kopernik-w-warszawie-niezwykle-i-inspirujace-doswiadczenia-dla-ponad-miliona-zwiedzajacych-rocznie/

## CERAD — Centre for the Design and Synthesis of Molecularly Targeted Radiopharmaceuticals (NCBJ, Świerk)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/cerad-centrum-radiofarmaceutykow-ncbj-swierk
Status: under construction | Stage: commissioning | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 148 mln PLN | Investor: Narodowe Centrum Badań Jądrowych (NCBJ)
Timeline: started 2017-08
Description: A national research infrastructure for the design, production, and study of new radiopharmaceuticals, being built at the National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ) in Świerk near Otwock. At the heart of the complex is a Cyclone 30 XP cyclotron manufactured by the Belgian company IBA, accelerating protons and alpha particles to an energy of 30 MeV and deuterons to 15 MeV — this allows the production of radionuclides (including zirconium-89, astatine-211, copper-67) previously not produced at NCBJ and poorly available in Poland. The project is being carried out by a consortium of six scientific institutions led by NCBJ, and the undertaking is co-financed from the Smart Growth Operational Programme (POIR). The cyclotron arrived in Świerk in December 2023; a three-storey laboratory complex is being built over more than 2,500 m². CERAD complements the production of isotopes from the MARIA reactor with the production of cyclotron radionuclides, giving Poland a unique facility combining both sources.
Significance: CERAD gives Poland its own cyclotron-based source of innovative radionuclides for oncological diagnostics and therapy (including zirconium-89, astatine-211, copper-67), which until now were not produced in the country or were difficult to access. Combined with the production of isotopes from the MARIA research reactor, this makes NCBJ in Świerk a unique centre combining reactor-based and cyclotron-based production of radioactive preparations. The infrastructure, entered on the Polish Roadmap for Research Infrastructures and co-financed from POIR, is intended to support the design of molecularly targeted radiopharmaceuticals — including preparations tailored to the needs of individual patients. Despite its value being below the PLN 500 million threshold, the undertaking is of strategic importance as a national research and medical infrastructure.
Sources:
  - CERAD — Centrum Projektowania i Syntezy Radiofarmaceutyków Ukierunkowanych Molekularnie (Narodowe Centrum Badań Jądrowych (NCBJ)): https://www.ncbj.gov.pl/projekt/cerad
  - Cyklotron CERAD dotarł do Świerka (Narodowe Centrum Badań Jądrowych (NCBJ), 2023-12-15): https://www.ncbj.gov.pl/aktualnosci/cyklotron-cerad-dotarl-do-swierka
  - CERAD – The Center for Design and Synthesis of Molecularly Targeted Radiopharmaceuticals (Mapa Dotacji UE (mapadotacji.gov.pl)): https://mapadotacji.gov.pl/projekty/745891/?lang=en
  - CERAD (Narodowe Centrum Badań Jądrowych (NCBJ)): https://www.ncbj.gov.pl/en/about/cerad
  - W NCBJ powstanie Centrum Projektowania i Syntezy nowych leków antynowotworowych (Nauka w Polsce (PAP)): https://scienceinpoland.pap.pl/aktualnosci/news,414289,w-ncbj-powstanie-centrum-projektowania-i-syntezy-nowych-lekow-antynowotworowych.html

## Clinical and Teaching Centre of the Medical University of Łódź – Stage II (CKD2) with the Academic Oncology Centre
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/ckd2-um-lodz-akademicki-osrodek-onkologiczny
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 798 mln PLN | Investor: Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi
Timeline: started 2020-08-27, planned 2026
Description: The second stage of construction of the Clinical and Teaching Centre (CKD2) of the Medical University of Łódź is a multi-year investment programme carried out on Pomorska street with a budget of PLN 798.5 million, financed mainly from the state budget (PLN 625.2 million), the university's own funds (PLN 128.8 million), and funds of the Central Clinical Hospital of the Medical University (PLN 44.5 million). The investor is the Medical University of Łódź, and the implementation period covers the years 2018–2026. The contract with the consortium of contractors Warbud and Budomal was signed on 27 August 2020, originally with a completion deadline of 865 days (completion planned for 2023), which was subsequently pushed to 2026. The scope includes the development of the previously unfinished part of buildings A1 and A2 for a new medical programme, the expansion of the operating block and imaging diagnostics, and the creation of a total of 21 medical units, including the Academic Oncology Centre and the Academic Gynaecology and Obstetrics Centre. The total area is 42,083 m², of which 7,177 m² is a new building. The investment is at an advanced stage: an occupancy permit was obtained for building A1, and highly advanced finishing works and acceptance procedures with the investor were underway on building A2.
Significance: CKD2 is one of the largest hospital and academic investments in Łódź and the Łódź region, concentrating the previously dispersed medical and teaching units of the Medical University into a single complex on Pomorska street. A key outcome of the programme is the creation of the Academic Oncology Centre and the Academic Gynaecology and Obstetrics Centre, together with the expansion of the operating block and imaging diagnostics and a total of 21 medical units over an area of more than 42,000 m². The investment, worth PLN 798.5 million and financed mainly from the state budget, also illustrates the schedule slippage and cost increases typical of large hospital projects: the originally assumed completion in 2023 was pushed to 2026, and the programme's value rose from approx. PLN 576 million (2020) to PLN 798.5 million. In mid-2026 the investment was in its final phase — building A1 obtained an occupancy permit, and building A2 was at the stage of advanced finishing works and acceptance procedures.
Sources:
  - Drugi etap budowy Centrum Kliniczno-Dydaktycznego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Łodzi wraz z Akademickim Ośrodkiem Onkologicznym (CKD2) (Uniwersytet Medyczny w Łodzi): https://umed.pl/inwestycja/drugi-etap-budowy-centrum-kliniczno-dydaktycznego-uniwersytetu-medycznego-w-lodzi-wraz-z-akademickim-osrodkiem-onkologicznym-ckd2/
  - Rozbudowa CKD2 – Centrum Kliniczno-Dydaktyczne (Centrum Kliniczno-Dydaktyczne UM w Łodzi): https://ckd.umed.pl/rozbudowa-ckd2/
  - II etap budowy Centrum Kliniczno-Dydaktycznego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Łodzi wraz z Akademickim Ośrodkiem Onkologicznym (Ministerstwo Zdrowia): https://www.gov.pl/web/zdrowie/drugi-etap-budowy-centrum-kliniczno-dydaktycznego-uniwersytetu-medycznego-w-odzi-wraz-z-akademickim-osrodkiem-onkologicznym
  - Gigantyczna inwestycja w Łodzi. Za ponad pół miliarda złotych rusza drugi etap budowy CKD (TuLodz.pl, 2020-08-29): https://tulodz.pl/wiadomosci-lodz/gigantyczna-inwestycja-w-lodzi-za-ponad-pol-miliarda-zlotych-rusza-drugi-etap-budowy-ckd-wizualizacje/AF1SWK6Ykw62rDBLmuRC
  - Warbud wygrał przetarg na rozbudowę Centrum Kliniczno-Dydaktycznego 2 w Łodzi (Warbud SA, 2020): https://warbud.pl/pl/aktualnosci/aktualnosci-warbud/warbud-wygral-przetarg-na-rozbudowe-centrum-kliniczno-dydaktycznego-2-w-lodzi
  - Drugi etap budowy CKD formalnie rozpoczęty – uczelnia podpisała umowę z wykonawcą (Centrum Kliniczno-Dydaktyczne UM w Łodzi, 2020-08): https://ckd.umed.pl/drugi-etap-budowy-ckd-formalnie-rozpoczety-uczelnia-podpisala-umowe-z-wykonawca/
  - Centrum Kliniczno-Dydaktyczne Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Łodzi – efekty modernizacji (Warbud SA): https://warbud.pl/pl/biuro-prasowe/informacje-prasowe/centrum-kliniczno-dydaktyczne-uniwersytetu-medycznego-w-lodzi-efekty-modernizacji

## CPK Airport / Port Polska (Baranów–Wiskitki–Teresin)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/cpk-lotnisko
Status: under construction | Stage: tender | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 42.7 bn PLN | Investor: Centralny Port Komunikacyjny sp. z o.o.
Timeline: announced 2017-11-07, planned 2032
Outcome: delayed
Description: A new central transfer airport being developed by the Centralny Port Komunikacyjny company in the municipalities of Baranów, Wiskitki and Teresin in Mazowieckie Voivodeship, renamed "Port Polska" by Prime Minister Donald Tusk in December 2025. The construction design for the passenger terminal and railway station was accepted in August 2025; in June 2026 Budimex's bid (approx. PLN 146 million) for the terminal foundations was selected, and piling is to begin in autumn 2026. The terminal contractor is to be chosen by the end of 2026. The airport component of the multi-year programme was valued at PLN 42.7 billion; the opening — originally announced for 2027 — is now planned for before the end of 2032, together with the first section of the Warsaw–CPK–Łódź high-speed railway.
Significance: The airport is designed to be the largest air hub in this part of Europe: the first-stage terminal is to handle up to 11,000 passengers per hour (up to 45 million passengers per year in the first stage according to the plans), and its launch before the end of 2032 is to coincide with the first section of the Warsaw–CPK–Łódź high-speed railway, creating an integrated national air-and-rail transfer hub.
Sources:
  - Inwestycje CPK idą do przodu – projekt budowlany terminala lotniska CPK gotowy (Ministerstwo Infrastruktury (gov.pl), 2025-08-05): https://www.gov.pl/web/infrastruktura/inwestycje-cpk-ida-do-przodu--projekt-budowlany-terminala-lotniska-cpk-gotowy
  - Premier Tusk ogłasza nową nazwę CPK. Teraz lotnisko w Baranowie to Port Polska (Rzeczpospolita, 2025-12-12): https://www.rp.pl/transport/art43495491-premier-tusk-oglasza-nowa-nazwe-cpk-teraz-lotnisko-w-baranowie-to-port-polska
  - Koniec CPK. Rząd prezentuje Port Polska. Ale co się zmienia? (Forsal.pl, 2025-12-12): https://forsal.pl/transport/lotnictwo/artykuly/10603375,koniec-cpk-rzad-prezentuje-port-polska-ale-co-sie-zmienia.html
  - Port Polska. Rusza budowa CPK! Budimex podpisał umowę na palowanie (Rynek Lotniczy, 2026-06-22): https://www.rynek-lotniczy.pl/wiadomosci/port-polska-budimex-z-umowa-na-wykonanie-fundamentow-pod-terminal-lotniska-28135.html
  - Otwarcie CPK dopiero przed 2030? "2027 rok nigdy nie był ostateczną datą" (Fly4free.pl, 2019-10-16): https://www.fly4free.pl/cpk-opoznienia-otwarcie-2030/
  - Centralny Port Komunikacyjny (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centralny_Port_Komunikacyjny

## Central Communication Port Programme (CPK Multi-Year Programme 2024–2032)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/cpk
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 131.7 bn PLN | Investor: Centralny Port Komunikacyjny sp. z o.o.
Timeline: announced 2017-11-07, started 2018-09-12, planned 2032
Outcome: delayed
Description: A government multi-year programme covering the construction of a central transfer airport in the municipality of Baranów, approx. 37 km west of Warsaw, together with a rail component (High-Speed Rail) and a road component. The investment concept was adopted by the Council of Ministers by resolution of 7 November 2017, and on 12 September 2018 the special-purpose company Centralny Port Komunikacyjny sp. z o.o. was established (100% owned by the State Treasury). The Multi-Year Programme, adopted by the government on 31 December 2024, provides for expenditure of PLN 131.7 billion in the years 2024–2032, including PLN 42.7 billion for airport investments and over PLN 76.8 billion for the rail component. The opening of the airport, originally planned for 2027, was postponed to 2032 — together with the first section of the Warsaw–CPK–Łódź high-speed rail line. In December 2025 Prime Minister Donald Tusk announced a new brand for the airport: Port Polska.
Significance: The largest Polish infrastructure programme, integrating air, rail and road transport around a new transfer hub. It assumes the launch by the end of 2032 of the first stage of the airport — with a terminal designed to handle up to 11,000 passengers per hour — as well as the Warsaw–CPK–Łódź high-speed railway. According to government declarations, the new hub is to be the largest airport in this part of Europe; the programme remains the subject of political dispute (an audit and a 'realignment' of the schedule after 2023, the rebranding to Port Polska in 2025).
Sources:
  - CPK za 131,7 mld złotych. Lotnisko ruszy w 2032 roku, razem z szybką koleją (Rzeczpospolita, 2024-12-31): https://www.rp.pl/transport/art41635061-cpk-za-131-7-mld-zlotych-lotnisko-ruszy-w-2032-roku-razem-z-szybka-koleja
  - Rząd przyjął zmiany w CPK. Zaktualizowany koszt projektu do '32 — 131,7 mld zł (PAP Biznes, 2024-12-31): https://biznes.pap.pl/wiadomosci/firmy/rzad-przyjal-zmiany-w-cpk-zaktualizowany-koszt-projektu-do-32-1317-mld-zl
  - KPRM: koszt programu CPK do 2032 r. szacowany na 131,7 mld zł (WNP.pl, 2024-12-31): https://www.wnp.pl/rynki/kprm-koszt-programu-cpk-do-2032-r-szacowany-na-131-7-mld-zl-aktualizacja,899948.html
  - Centralny Port Komunikacyjny (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centralny_Port_Komunikacyjny
  - Inwestycje CPK idą do przodu — projekt budowlany terminala lotniska CPK gotowy (Ministerstwo Infrastruktury (gov.pl), 2025-08-05): https://www.gov.pl/web/infrastruktura/inwestycje-cpk-ida-do-przodu--projekt-budowlany-terminala-lotniska-cpk-gotowy
  - Port Polska zamiast CPK. Tusk zadecydował. Kiedy ruszy budowa? (Forsal.pl, 2025-12-12): https://forsal.pl/transport/lotnictwo/artykuly/10603375,koniec-cpk-rzad-prezentuje-port-polska-ale-co-sie-zmienia.html

## Cyber-Secure Local Government (and the FERC/KPO continuation)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/cyberbezpieczny-samorzad-i-kontynuacja-ferc-kpo
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 1.5 bn PLN | Investor: Centrum Projektów Polska Cyfrowa
Timeline: announced 2023, started 2024-02-27, planned 2026-09-30
Outcome: delayed
Description: A nationwide grant programme strengthening the cybersecurity of local government units, implemented by the Centrum Projektów Polska Cyfrowa in partnership with NASK PIB. Local governments receive grants ranging from PLN 200 thousand to PLN 850 thousand for hardware, software, procedures and training. The project is financed from the European Funds for Digital Development 2021-2027 (Measure 2.2), with a total value of approx. PLN 1.5 billion. The support has reached over 2 thousand local governments from all voivodeships. The government has announced a continuation of the programme in the Cybersecurity Strategy of the Republic of Poland, drawing on KPO and FERC funds.
Significance: The largest civilian investment in the cybersecurity of Polish local governments: the grants enable over 2 thousand local government units to purchase protective hardware and software, implement security procedures and train their staff. The programme covers local governments from all voivodeships and increases the resilience of key public-service infrastructure to cyberattacks. The announced continuation using KPO and FERC funds is to expand the support to include the establishment of security operations centres (SOC) and audits.
Sources:
  - Cyberbezpieczny Samorząd - informacje o projekcie (Centrum Projektów Polska Cyfrowa): https://www.gov.pl/web/cppc/cyberbezpieczny-samorzad2
  - 1,5 mld zł dla samorządów na cyberbezpieczeństwo (Ministerstwo Cyfryzacji, 2024-02-27): https://www.gov.pl/web/cyfryzacja/15-mld-zl-dla-samorzadow-na-cyberbezpieczenstwo
  - Cyberbezpieczny Samorząd (Centrum Projektów Polska Cyfrowa): https://www.gov.pl/web/cppc/cyberbezpieczny-samorzad
  - Rząd zapowiedział kontynuację programu Cyberbezpieczny Samorząd (Serwis Samorządowy PAP, 2026-03): https://samorzad.pap.pl/kategoria/e-urzad/rzad-zapowiedzial-kontynuacje-programu-cyberbezpieczny-samorzad
  - Cyberbezpieczny Samorząd: więcej czasu na realizację grantu (Centrum Projektów Polska Cyfrowa, 2026-06-16): https://www.gov.pl/web/cppc/aktualizacja-dokumentacji-cyberbezpieczny-samorzad-16062026

## DCT Gdańsk Deepwater Container Terminal (Baltic Hub) — Terminal T1
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/dct-gdansk-terminal-kontenerowy
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 800 mln PLN | Investor: DCT Gdańsk S.A. (inwestor: Macquarie GIF II)
Timeline: started 2005-10, delivered 2007-10-03
Outcome: delivered
Description: Poland's first deepwater container terminal, located within the Gdańsk seaport, in the outer port (part of the Northern Port). The terminal was created to receive deepwater, transoceanic container ships on the Baltic Sea. Work on the terminal began in October 2005, and the opening took place on 3 October 2007; the first ship called even before the official opening, on 1 June 2007. Under the first stage (T1) an artificially reclaimed pier of 25.2 ha (800 m long and 315 m wide) was created, on which 2 container-handling berths were built, thanks to a USD 200 million investment. The terminal operator was DCT Gdańsk S.A.; the entire shareholding package belonged at the time to the Australian investment fund Macquarie GIF II. In 2022 the terminal was renamed Baltic Hub.
Significance: DCT Gdańsk was Poland's first deepwater container terminal, able to receive deepwater, transoceanic container ships directly on the Baltic Sea, without the need for transshipment in Western European ports. Under the first stage (T1), on an artificially reclaimed pier of 25.2 ha (800 m long, 315 m wide), 2 container-handling berths were created, brought into service in 2007 thanks to a USD 200 million investment. The terminal, later renamed Baltic Hub, became the largest and most modern maritime container terminal in Poland.
Sources:
  - Terminal kontenerowy Baltic Hub (dawniej DCT Gdańsk) (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_kontenerowy_DCT_Gda%C5%84sk
  - 5 urodziny DCT Gdańsk. Kalendarium sukcesu (PortalMorski.pl, 2012-10-24): https://www.portalmorski.pl/porty-logistyka/21819-5-urodziny-dct-gdansk-kalendarium-sukcesu
  - DCT GDAŃSK, terminal kontenerowy — Encyklopedia Gdańska (Encyklopedia Gdańska (gedanopedia.pl)): https://gdansk.gedanopedia.pl/gdansk/?title=DCT_GDA%C5%83SK,_terminal_kontenerowy
  - DCT Gdańsk — history, development and operation of the largest and most modern maritime container terminal in Poland (Studia Maritima, Vol. 32 (Wydawnictwo Naukowe Uniwersytetu Szczecińskiego); A. Bartosiewicz, 2019): https://wnus.usz.edu.pl/sm/en/issue/1153/article/18219/

## S10 Expressway Bydgoszcz – Toruń
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/droga-ekspresowa-s10-bydgoszcz-torun
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 2.1 bn PLN | Investor: Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad (GDDKiA)
Timeline: started 2022, planned 2027
Description: Construction of over 50 km of the dual-carriageway S10 expressway between Bydgoszcz and Toruń in Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship, carried out by GDDKiA. The investment is divided into four sections and includes seven new road interchanges (including Bydgoszcz Park Przemysłowy, Solec Kujawski, Toruń Podgórz) as well as the expansion of existing interchanges. The works are being carried out by various contractors (including Mirbud and Intercor), and the planned total cost of implementation exceeds PLN 2.1 billion, of which PLN 750 million is to be covered by EU funding (FEnIKS). The task forms part of the wider S10 Szczecin-Warsaw corridor; completion of construction is planned for 2027.
Significance: The investment closes a significant gap in the S10 Szczecin-Warsaw expressway corridor and links the two largest cities of Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship - Bydgoszcz and Toruń - with a route built to expressway standards. Over 50 km of new road with seven new interchanges is intended to improve transit and regional traffic and relieve the existing national roads. The project is co-financed from EU funds (FEnIKS) in the amount of PLN 750 million.
Sources:
  - Rusza budowa najdłuższego odcinka S10 Bydgoszcz - Toruń (GDDKiA Oddział Bydgoszcz): https://www.gov.pl/web/gddkia-bydgoszcz/rusza-budowa-najdluzszego-odcinka-s10-bydgoszcz---torun
  - S10 Bydgoszcz – Toruń. Dofinansowanie z FEnIKS (Nowoczesne Budownictwo Inżynieryjne (NBI), 2026-05-18): https://nbi.com.pl/wiadomosci/s10-bydgoszcz-torun-dofinansowanie-feniks/
  - S10 Bydgoszcz – Toruń. Dwa odcinki w budowie, dwa czekają na ZRID (Rynek Infrastruktury, 2025-04-22): https://www.rynekinfrastruktury.pl/wiadomosci/drogi-i-autostrady/s10-bydgoszcz--torun-dwa-odcinki-w-budowie-dwa-czekaja-na-zrid-95038.html

## S17 Expressway Piaski – Hrebenne (border with Ukraine)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/droga-ekspresowa-s17-piaski-hrebenne-granica-z-ukraina
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): n/a | Investor: Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad
Timeline: started 2022, planned 2028
Description: Construction of the missing eastern section of the S17 expressway from the Piaski interchange (beyond Lublin) to the border crossing with Ukraine at Hrebenne, carried out by GDDKiA under the "design and build" formula. The route completes the S17 corridor Warsaw – Lublin – Zamość – Tomaszów Lubelski – Hrebenne. The section is divided into several tasks carried out by various contractors; the first design-and-build contracts were signed in 2022, and further ones (including Piaski Wschód – Łopiennik) in 2024. Four sections remain under construction: Izbica – Zamość Sitaniec, Zamość Wschód – Zamość Południe, Zamość Południe – Tomaszów Lubelski, and Tomaszów Lubelski – Hrebenne (approx. 55 km in total). The bringing into service of the further sections is planned for the second half of 2028.
Significance: Once completed, the section will provide a grade-separated, expressway passage from Warsaw and Lublin through Zamość and Tomaszów Lubelski to the border crossing at Hrebenne, completing the S17 expressway to the border with Ukraine. The route will improve the road connection towards Ukraine and relieve the existing national road in that direction.
Sources:
  - Umowa na kolejny odcinek S17 podpisana (GDDKiA Oddział Lublin (gov.pl), 2024-09-27): https://www.gov.pl/web/gddkia-lublin/umowa-na-kolejny-odcinek-s17-podpisana
  - Umowa na budowę odcinka drogi ekspresowej S17 Piaski – Hrebenne (Inżynier Budownictwa, 2024-10-14): https://inzynierbudownictwa.pl/umowa-na-budowe-odcinka-drogi-ekspresowej-s17-piaski-hrebenne/
  - Budimex podpisał umowę na budowę odcinka drogi ekspresowej S17 Piaski – Hrebenne (Budimex S.A., 2024-10-11): https://budimex.pl/informacje-prasowe/budimex-podpisal-umowe-na-budowe-odcinka-drogi-_ekspresowej-s17-piaski-hrebenne-841943/
  - Droga S17 wydłuża się w stronę Ukrainy. Sześć odcinków w realizacji (Interia Motoryzacja): https://motoryzacja.interia.pl/wiadomosci/news-sprawa-drogi-s17-trafila-do-sadu-teraz-zapadla-wazna-decyzja,nId,7835176
  - Ekspresówka S17 do granicy z Ukrainą już w budowie (Rzeczpospolita (logistyka.rp.pl), 2022-11-28): https://logistyka.rp.pl/drogowy/art37506911-ekspresowka-s17-do-granicy-z-ukraina-juz-w-budowie

## S19 Via Carpatia Expressway (Polish section)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/droga-ekspresowa-s19-via-carpatia-odcinek-polski
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 27.0 bn PLN | Investor: Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad (GDDKiA)
Timeline: planned 2031
Outcome: delayed
Description: The Polish section of the S19 expressway constitutes the national part of the international Via Carpatia route and runs from the north to the south of the country, from the border crossing with Belarus at Kuźnica Białostocka to the border with Slovakia at Barwinek, with a total planned length of approx. 570-580 km. The route between Lublin and Rzeszów was fully opened to drivers in May 2022, and since then further sections have been brought into service in Podkarpacie and Podlasie. In 2026 the construction of further sections is under way, including 71 km south of Białystok, where works are being carried out on five construction sections. The investor is GDDKiA, and the undertaking is being implemented under the Government National Road Construction Programme. The estimated cost of building the entire S19 exceeded PLN 27 billion (a 2020 estimate). Originally the entire route was planned to be completed by the end of 2026, but as a result of delays the bringing into service of the further sections has been spread over time: the sections in Podlasie and Podkarpacie are being opened in the years 2027-2028, and the completion of the final sections in Podkarpacie (including Jawornik-Lutcza) is anticipated for 2031.
Significance: The S19, as the Polish section of Via Carpatia, creates a dual-carriageway expressway corridor linking the country's eastern border with the south and further with the trans-European network, improving the transport accessibility of Eastern Poland (Podlasie, the Lublin region, Podkarpacie). Completed sections, such as the Lublin-Rzeszów route, have cut the travel time on that relation to about 90 minutes. Beyond its economic and cohesion significance for peripheral regions, the corridor also has a strategic dimension as a north-south transport axis along the eastern flank.
Sources:
  - Otwarcie ostatniego odcinka trasy S19 Lublin-Rzeszów (Urząd Marszałkowski Województwa Lubelskiego (lubelskie.pl), 2022-05): https://www.lubelskie.pl/aktualnosci/otwarcie-ostatniego-odcinka-trasy-s19-lublin-rzeszow/
  - Podlaska S19 - coraz więcej kilometrów w budowie (GDDKIA / gov.pl, 2024-10-25): https://www.gov.pl/web/gddkia-bialystok/podlaska-s19---coraz-wiecej-kilometrow-w-budowie
  - Najważniejsza polska część Via Carpatia powstanie do końca 2026 roku za 27 mld zł (Forsal.pl, 2020-10-05): https://forsal.pl/gospodarka/inwestycje/artykuly/7840821,koszt-i-harmonogram-budowy-drogi-ekspresowej-s19-via-carpatia.html
  - Droga ekspresowa S19 (Polska) (Wikipedia): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Droga_ekspresowa_S19_(Polska)
  - Budowa S19 - stop dezinformacji (Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad, Oddział Rzeszów (gov.pl), 2026-05-06): https://www.gov.pl/web/gddkia-rzeszow/budowa-s19--stop-dezinformacji

## S8 Expressway Wrocław (Magnice) – Kłodzko
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/droga-ekspresowa-s8-wroclaw-magnice-klodzko
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): n/a | Investor: Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad (GDDKiA)
Timeline: planned 2033
Description: Construction of the S8 expressway from Wrocław (Magnice) to Kłodzko in the Kłodzko Valley, carried out by GDDKiA. The entire corridor has been divided into seven sections, of which — as of June 2026 — six are already under construction, while the final Bardo–Kłodzko fragment remains at the preparation stage (technical, economic and environmental study). The individual sections are to be opened to traffic, depending on the fragment, in the years 2028–2033. The route is being built under the "Design and build" system as a dual carriageway with two lanes in each direction and hard shoulders.
Significance: The investment completes the expressway connection of Wrocław with the Kłodzko Valley and the southern part of Lower Silesia, improving the transport accessibility of the region and shortening travel towards the border crossings with the Czech Republic. Spreading the implementation over seven sections opened in stages up to 2033 makes this route one of the largest and longest-running road undertakings in Lower Silesia.
Sources:
  - S8 na Dolnym Śląsku (Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad (gov.pl)): https://www.gov.pl/web/gddkia/s8-na-dolnym-slasku
  - Co nowego na S8 (GDDKiA – Oddział we Wrocławiu (gov.pl), 2026-06-09): https://www.gov.pl/web/gddkia-wroclaw/co-nowego-na-s8
  - Jest umowa na kolejny odcinek drogi S8 Wrocław-Kłodzko. Budowa ma kosztować prawie 380 mln zł (Wroclaw.pl): https://www.wroclaw.pl/dla-mieszkanca/s8-wroclaw-klodzko-budowa-ma-kosztowac-prawie-380-mln-zl
  - Rusza realizacja pierwszych trzech odcinków S8 (Budimex): https://budimex.pl/informacje-prasowe/rusza-realizacja-pierwszych-trzech-odcinkow-s8-825843/

## Second nuclear power plant (EJ2, Konin or Bełchatów)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/druga-elektrownia-jadrowa
Status: planned | Stage: announced | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): n/a | Investor: n/a
Timeline: planned 2040
Description: A planned second Polish nuclear power plant (EJ2), envisaged in the Polish Nuclear Power Programme (PPEJ) alongside the first plant in the Pomerania region. The programme calls for the construction of two power plants with a combined capacity of 6-9 GWe. In the updated PPEJ, presented on 12 June 2026 by the Ministry of Energy, Bełchatów and Konin were indicated as the preferred locations - regions associated with large conventional-power assets (Kozienice and Połaniec are also under consideration on a broader shortlist). According to the schedule, the selection of a strategic partner and technology for EJ2 is planned for 2027, and the designation of the location for 2028. Construction of the first unit is planned to begin in 2032, with commissioning in 2040. Site surveys at the candidate locations are being conducted by Polska Grupa Energetyczna, although the project investor has not yet been formally designated.
Significance: The second nuclear power plant is a key element in delivering the PPEJ objective of building two nuclear power stations with a combined capacity of up to 9 GWe. It is intended to strengthen the country's energy security and to replace coal capacity being phased out with stable, low-emission energy production. Naming Bełchatów and Konin as the preferred locations ties the investment to regions losing jobs in conventional power generation, offering a chance to transform these areas. However, the distant time horizon (location choice in 2028, start of production only in 2040) and the absence of a designated investor and technology mean that the project is at a very early stage and carries considerable uncertainty.
Sources:
  - Aktualizacja PPEJ wyznacza nowy etap programu jądrowego (Ministerstwo Energii / gov.pl, 2026-06): https://www.gov.pl/web/energia/polska-konsekwentnie-buduje-fundament-bezpieczenstwa-energetycznego-aktualizacja-ppej-wyznacza-nowy-etap-programu-jadrowego
  - Bełchatów i Konin na atomowym celowniku. Znamy nowy harmonogram rządu (Energetyka24, 2026-06): https://energetyka24.com/energetyka/atom/belchatow-i-konin-na-atomowym-celowniku-znamy-nowy-harmonogram-rzadu
  - Gdzie będzie druga polska elektrownia jądrowa? W Bełchatowie rozczarowanie po decyzji resortu (PortalSamorzadowy.pl, 2026-06): https://www.portalsamorzadowy.pl/gospodarka-komunalna/gdzie-bedzie-druga-polska-elektrownia-jadrowa-w-belchatowie-rozczarowanie-po-decyzji-resortu,664637.html
  - Lokalizacja drugiej elektrowni jądrowej w 2026 roku, ale tylko wstępnie (BiznesAlert.pl, 2026): https://biznesalert.pl/lokalizacja-drugiej-elektrowni-jadrowej-w-2026-roku-ale-tylko-wstepnie/
  - Konin czy Bełchatów, a może obie lokalizacje? Rząd zdecyduje o drugiej elektrowni jądrowej (PortalSamorzadowy.pl, 2026): https://www.portalsamorzadowy.pl/gospodarka-komunalna/konin-czy-belchatow-a-moze-obie-lokalizacje-rzad-zdecyduje-o-drugiej-elektrowni-jadrowej,637569.html
  - Aktualizacja PPEJ: Bełchatów i Konin na czele wyścigu o lokalizację drugiej elektrowni (enerad.pl, 2025-03): https://enerad.pl/aktualizacja-ppej-pierwsza-polska-elektrownia-jadrowa-ruszy-w-2036-roku-belchatow-i-konin-na-czele-wyscigu-o-lokalizacje-drugiej-elektrowni/

## Lubiatowo-Kopalino Nuclear Power Plant (EJ1)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/ej-lubiatowo-kopalino
Status: under construction | Stage: permits | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 192.0 bn PLN | Investor: Polskie Elektrownie Jądrowe
Timeline: started 2023-09, planned 2036
Outcome: delayed
Description: Construction of the first Polish nuclear power plant at the Lubiatowo-Kopalino location in the Choczewo municipality in the Pomerania region. The investor is the State Treasury company Polskie Elektrownie Jądrowe, and the project comprises three AP1000 reactors of 1250 MWe gross each, delivered together with the Westinghouse-Bechtel consortium. On 31 March 2026 the company submitted an application to the President of the National Atomic Energy Agency for a construction permit. According to the updated PPEJ schedule, construction is to begin in 2028, and the first unit is to start producing energy in 2036 (commercial operation was originally assumed for 2033). The estimated cost of the investment is PLN 192 billion, with state capital injections of up to approx. PLN 60 billion.
Significance: Currently the largest single energy investment of the Polish state: three AP1000 units of 1250 MWe gross each (approx. 3750 MWe in total) are intended to strengthen the country's energy security and deliver stable, low-emission energy in place of coal capacity being phased out. The project launches the Polish nuclear power programme (PPEJ) and entails the expansion of accompanying infrastructure (roads, rail, grids) in the Pomerania region; its estimated cost of PLN 192 billion makes it one of the most expensive undertakings in Poland's history.
Sources:
  - Do Prezesa Państwowej Agencji Atomistyki wpłynął wniosek o wydanie zezwolenia na budowę elektrowni jądrowej w lokalizacji Lubiatowo-Kopalino (Państwowa Agencja Atomistyki / gov.pl, 2026-03-31): https://www.gov.pl/web/paa/do-prezesa-panstwowej-agencji-atomistyki-wplynal-wniosek-o-wydanie-zezwolenia-na-budowe-elektrowni-jadrowej-w-lokalizacji-lubiatowo-kopalino
  - Najważniejsze informacje o projekcie (Polskie Elektrownie Jądrowe): https://pej.pl/o-projekcie/najwazniejsze-informacje/
  - Polska elektrownia jądrowa ma kosztować 192 mld zł. Bruksela zaczęła dochodzenie (Gramwzielone.pl, 2024-12-19): https://www.gramwzielone.pl/trendy/20294808/polska-elektrownia-jadrowa-ma-kosztowac-192-mld-zl-bruksela-zaczela-dochodzenie
  - Historic contract paves the way for site work on Poland's first nuclear power plant (Bechtel, 2023-09-27): https://www.bechtel.com/press-releases/historic-contract-paves-the-way-for-site-work-on-polands-first-nuclear-power-plant/
  - Aktualizacja PPEJ: Pierwsza polska elektrownia jądrowa ruszy w 2036 roku (enerad.pl, 2025-03-13): https://enerad.pl/aktualizacja-ppej-pierwsza-polska-elektrownia-jadrowa-ruszy-w-2036-roku-belchatow-i-konin-na-czele-wyscigu-o-lokalizacje-drugiej-elektrowni/
  - Polskie Elektrownie Jądrowe and Westinghouse-Bechtel Consortium conclude amendment to EDA (Polskie Elektrownie Jądrowe, 2025-12-29): https://pej.pl/en/press-center/news/polskie-elektrownie-jadrowe-and-westinghouse-bechtel-consortium-conclude-amendment-to-eda/

## "Żarnowiec" Nuclear Power Plant
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/ej-zarnowiec
Status: cancelled | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): n/a | Investor: Skarb Państwa (inwestycja państwa, PRL/RP)
Timeline: started 1982-03-31
Outcome: abandoned, written off
Description: Żarnowiec was the first Polish nuclear power plant, built from 1982 on Lake Żarnowieckie (the village of Kartoszyno) in the Pomorskie Voivodeship as a state investment. The project envisaged Soviet WWER-440 reactors with a combined capacity of approx. 1600 MW, and commissioning of the first unit was planned for 1989. Following the Chernobyl disaster, mounting public opposition and a deep economic crisis, construction was halted, and on 17 December 1990 the government of Tadeusz Mazowiecki, by resolution of the Council of Ministers, placed the investment - some 40% complete - into liquidation. It is a historical point of reference for Poland's abandonments of nuclear power.
Significance: The abandonment of Żarnowiec meant the loss of the first Polish nuclear power plant and of a stable, low-emission energy source on the coast for several decades, as well as the dispersal of a trained nuclear-power workforce. The funds spent on the investment (estimated at approx. USD 500 million in 1990 terms, at roughly 40% construction progress) were largely wasted, and Poland relaunched its nuclear programme only decades later. Today Żarnowiec functions as a symbolic and historical point of reference in the debate over the country's nuclear power.
Reason for failure: Construction of the plant began in 1982, but after the Chernobyl disaster (1986), growing public opposition and financing problems during the period of systemic transformation, work slowed. On 17 December 1990 the government of Tadeusz Mazowiecki, by resolution of the Council of Ministers (No. 204), placed the investment "Żarnowiec Nuclear Power Plant under construction" into liquidation. The reasons cited were its redundancy for the domestic energy balance, doubtful profitability compared with conventional power plants, and safety concerns. At the time work was stopped, construction was some 40% complete; the plant was never finished or commissioned.
Sources:
  - Elektrownia Jądrowa „Żarnowiec” (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrownia_J%C4%85drowa_%E2%80%9E%C5%BBarnowiec%E2%80%9D
  - Niedoszła elektrownia jądrowa w Polsce – EJ Żarnowiec w latach 80. (Nukleo.pl): https://nukleo.pl/rozdzial/niedoszla-elektrownia-jadrowa-w-polsce-ej-zarnowiec-w-latach-80/
  - Polska straciła nie budując elektrowni w Żarnowcu. Słowacy byli mądrzejsi [WYWIAD] (Energetyka24, 2021-05-21): https://energetyka24.com/atom/melanczuk-polska-stracila-nie-budujac-elektrowni-w-zarnowcu-slowacy-byli-madrzejsi-wywiad
  - Polska elektrownia jądrowa w Żarnowcu (gov.pl (Polski Atom, Ministerstwo)): https://www.gov.pl/web/polski-atom/polska-elektrownia-jadrowa-w-zarnowcu
  - „Elektrownia atomowa w budowie w likwidacji”. Historia elektrowni w Żarnowcu (Do Rzeczy (Historia), 2024-12-17): https://historia.dorzeczy.pl/historia-wspolczesna/669517/elektrownia-atomowa-w-budowie-w-likwidacji-historia-elektrowni-w-zarowncu.html
  - Żarnowiec Nuclear Power Plant (Wikipedia (en)): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BBarnowiec_Nuclear_Power_Plant

## New Czechnica-2 combined heat and power plant in Siechnice (PGE Energia Ciepła / KOGENERACJA)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/elektrocieplownia-czechnica-2-siechnice
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 1.4 bn PLN | Investor: Zespół Elektrociepłowni Wrocławskich KOGENERACJA S.A. (Grupa PGE / PGE Energia Ciepła)
Timeline: delivered 2025-05
Description: A new gas-and-steam combined heat and power plant, Czechnica-2, in Siechnice near Wrocław, built by Zespół Elektrociepłowni Wrocławskich KOGENERACJA of the PGE Group (PGE Energia Ciepła). The gas-and-steam unit, with an electrical capacity of 179 MWe and a thermal capacity of 315 MWt, comprises two Siemens SGT-800 gas turbines, heat-recovery boilers and a steam turbine; it replaced the more than century-old, coal-fired Czechnica unit. The main contractor was Polimex Mostostal. Construction took about four years, and the PLN 1.4 billion investment was placed into operation in May 2025. The installation is a municipal district-heating source - it covers about 20 percent of the heat demand of Wrocław residents and all customers in the Siechnice municipality connected to the district-heating network.
Significance: A municipal district-heating source for the Wrocław agglomeration: the new unit meets about 20 percent of the heat demand of Wrocław residents and serves all customers in the Siechnice municipality connected to the network. Replacing a more than century-old coal-fired CHP plant with a high-efficiency gas-and-steam unit radically reduces the emissions of district heating in the region - CO2 emissions fall by 61 percent, that is by about 622 thousand tonnes per year, together with a manifold reduction in emissions of nitrogen oxides, sulphur oxides and particulates. The investment is part of the PGE Group's move away from coal in district heating.
Sources:
  - Kogeneracja z Grupy PGE oddała do eksploatacji elektrociepłownię Czechnica-2 w Siechnicach (Inwestycje.pl, 2025-05-29): https://inwestycje.pl/biznes/kogeneracja-z-grupy-pge-oddala-do-eksploatacji-elektrocieplownie-czechnica-2-w-siechnicach/
  - Nowa elektrociepłownia już pracuje dla mieszkańców Siechnic i Wrocławia (Wroclaw.pl (Urząd Miejski Wrocławia), 2025-05): https://www.wroclaw.pl/dla-mieszkanca/nowa-elektocieplownia-czechnica-siechnice-otwarcie-zdjecia
  - Czechnica 2. PGE uruchamia nową elektrociepłownię – inwestycja za 1,4 mld zł (Inżynieria.com, 2025-05-30): https://inzynieria.com/przemysl/wiadomosci/97541,pge-uruchamia-elektrocieplownie-inwestycja-za-1-4-mld-zl
  - Kogeneracja uruchomiła elektrociepłownię gazową Czechnica-2 (Biznes PAP, 2025-05-29): https://biznes.pap.pl/wiadomosci/firmy/kogeneracja-uruchomila-elektrocieplownie-gazowa-czechnica-2
  - EC Czechnica 2 – KOGENERACJA (official) (Zespół Elektrociepłowni Wrocławskich KOGENERACJA S.A.): https://kogeneracja.com.pl/en/group/about-us/ec-czechnica-2

## 858 MW power unit at the Bełchatów Power Plant
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/elektrownia-belchatow-blok-858mw
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 5.2 bn PLN | Investor: PGE Górnictwo i Energetyka Konwencjonalna S.A. – Oddział Elektrownia Bełchatów
Timeline: started 2007, delivered 2011-09-28
Outcome: delivered
Description: Power unit No. 14 with a capacity of 858 MW, erected at the Bełchatów Power Plant in the locality of Rogowiec (Kleszczów municipality, Bełchatów county, Łódzkie Voivodeship), owned by PGE Górnictwo i Energetyka Konwencjonalna S.A. of the PGE Group. It is the largest coal-fired unit in Poland, fuelled by lignite from the nearby open-pit mine. Construction of the unit began in 2007, with Alstom as the general contractor. The unit was officially placed into operation on 28 September 2011; total capital expenditure amounted to about EUR 1.2 billion. At peak, as many as 2 thousand people from more than a dozen countries worked on the construction site.
Significance: The 858 MW unit is the largest single power unit in Poland and one of the largest lignite-fired units in Europe. It was built as an expansion of the Bełchatów Power Plant - the largest thermal power plant in the country - and at the time of commissioning was presented by PGE as the most modern and most efficient unit in the Polish power system, with the lowest cost of energy generation. The investment, worth about EUR 1.2 billion, reinforced the role of the Bełchatów complex as a pillar of national electricity production.
Sources:
  - Nowy blok energetyczny o mocy 858 MW oddała PGE do eksploatacji (Forsal.pl / PAP, 2011-09-28): https://forsal.pl/artykuly/551711,nowy-blok-energetyczny-o-mocy-858-mw-oddala-pge-do-eksploatacji.html
  - Minęło 10 lat od uruchomienia bloku 858 MW. Zobacz, jak wyglądała budowa i otwarcie [FOTO] (ddbelchatow.pl, 2021): https://ddbelchatow.pl/wydarzenia/historia/pge-minelo-10-lat-od-uruchomienia-bloku-858-mw-elektrowni-belchatow-zobacz-jak-wygladala-budowa/hRZ4MIMD2cT30OEx1aDh
  - PGE oddała do eksploatacji blok o mocy 858 MW (Forbes.pl / PAP, 2011-09-28): https://www.forbes.pl/gielda/pge-oddala-do-eksploatacji-blok-o-mocy-858-mw/35bmr81
  - Elektrownia Bełchatów (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrownia_Be%C5%82chat%C3%B3w

## CCGT Grudziądz gas-and-steam power plant (Unit I, 563 MW)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/elektrownia-gazowo-parowa-ccgt-grudziadz-blok-i-563-mw
Status: under construction | Stage: commissioning | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 2.0 bn PLN | Investor: CCGT Grudziądz Sp. z o.o. (Grupa Energa / Grupa Orlen)
Timeline: started 2023-05-18, planned 2026
Outcome: delayed
Description: The CCGT Grudziądz gas-and-steam unit (Unit I) with a net capacity of approx. 563 MW, built by the company CCGT Grudziądz of the Energa Group (Orlen Group). The general contractor under the EPC formula is a consortium of Metlen (formerly Mytilineos) and Siemens Energy. The value of the investment is approx. PLN 2 billion. The cornerstone was laid in May 2023, and the original commissioning date (2025) was postponed to 2026. In 2026 the unit entered the start-up phase and delivered energy to the national power grid for the first time.
Significance: The new unit increases the dispatchable, flexible generation capacity of the national system (operating in the range from just under 40% to 100% of capacity), supporting the balancing of the system amid a growing share of renewables and replacing high-emission coal capacity. The unit is covered by capacity-market support (a capacity obligation of 518 MW from 2026).
Sources:
  - Orlen wmurował kamień węgielny pod budowę CCGT Grudziądz (wGospodarce.pl, 2023-05-18): https://wgospodarce.pl/informacje/127860-orlen-wmurowal-kamien-wegielny-pod-budowe-ccgt-grudziadz
  - Combined Cycle Power Plant of 560MW, Grudziadz, Poland (Metlen Energy & Metals): https://www.metlen.com/projects/combined-cycle-power-plant-of-560mw-grudziadz-poland/
  - CCGT Grudziądz — Aktualności (CCGT Grudziądz Sp. z o.o., 2026-01-08): https://ccgt-grudziadz.pl/komunikaty/aktualnosci
  - Energia z CCGT Grudziądz popłynęła do krajowej sieci (Inwestycje.pl, 2026-07-13): https://inwestycje.pl/biznes/energia-z-ccgt-grudziadz-poplynela-do-krajowej-sieci/
  - CCGT Grudziądz blisko rozruchu. Już w przyszłym roku będzie pracować pełną parą i gazem (Zawsze Pomorze, 2025-07-11): https://www.zawszepomorze.pl/artykul/20752,ccgt-grudziadz-blisko-rozruchu-juz-w-przyszlym-roku-bedzie-pracowac-pelna-para-i-gazem
  - Orlen: Bloki CCGT w Grudziądzu i Ostrołęce ruszą w I poł. 2026, być może w I kw. 2026 (WysokieNapiecie.pl, 2026): https://wysokienapiecie.pl/krotkie-spiecie/orlen-bloki-ccgt-w-grudzi-dzu-i-ostro-ce-rusz-w-i-po-2026-by-mo-e-w-i-kw-2026/

## Nowy Rybnik gas-and-steam power plant (CCGT Rybnik, 882 MW)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/elektrownia-gazowo-parowa-nowy-rybnik-ccgt-rybnik-882-mw
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 3.0 bn PLN | Investor: PGE Polska Grupa Energetyczna
Timeline: planned 2027-03-06
Outcome: delayed
Description: The Nowy Rybnik gas-and-steam unit (CCGT) with a capacity of 882 MW is a PGE investment carried out at the site of the Rybnik Power Plant by a consortium of Polimex Mostostal and Siemens Energy. The new gas unit is to replace four coal units being shut down with a combined capacity of about 900 MW. The contract for the construction of the unit, worth about PLN 3 billion net, was concluded in 2023, and the original commissioning date for the unit was set for December 2026. Due to delays, the handover of the unit was postponed to early 2027; according to reports from 2026, construction progress had reached about 85 percent.
Significance: The investment replaces coal capacity being phased out with a low-emission gas-and-steam unit and strengthens the security of electricity supply in the Silesia region. The 882 MW unit is cited as one of the largest installations of its kind in Europe and is intended to stabilise the operation of the power system during the move away from coal.
Sources:
  - Polimex Mostostal podpisał umowę na budowę bloku gazowo-parowego w Rybniku (Polimex Mostostal S.A., 2023-02): https://www.polimex-mostostal.pl/news/polimex-mostostal-podpisal-umowe-na-budowe-bloku-gazowo-parowego-w-rybniku
  - Blok gazowy w Rybniku złapał poślizg. Przesunięto termin (WNP.pl, 2025): https://www.wnp.pl/energia/blok-gazowy-w-rybniku-zlapal-poslizg-przesunieto-termin,982903.html
  - PGE: elektrownia Nowy Rybnik ruszy na przełomie I i II kwartału 2027 r. (WNP.pl, 2026): https://www.wnp.pl/rynki/pge-elektrownia-nowy-rybnik-ruszy-na-przelomie-i-i-ii-kwartalu-2027-r,1066331.html
  - Polimex-Mostostal buduje w Rybniku największy w Europie blok gazowo-parowy (Rynek Infrastruktury): https://www.rynekinfrastruktury.pl/wiadomosci/drogi-i-autostrady/polimexmostostal-buduje-w-rybniku-najwiekszy-w-europie-blok-gazowoparowy-84969.html
  - W Rybniku powstanie nowa elektrownia gazowa. PGE podpisało umowę z Polimex Mostostal S.A. i Siemens Energy (Nasz Wodzisław): https://www.naszwodzislaw.com/site/art/5-aktualnosci/0-/48651-w-rybniku-powstanie-nowa-elektrownia-gazowa-pge-podpisalo-umowe-z-polimex-mostostal-s-a-i-siemens-energy

## Opole Power Plant - units 1-4 (1993-1997)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/elektrownia-opole-bloki-1-4
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): n/a | Investor: PGE Górnictwo i Energetyka Konwencjonalna S.A. Oddział Elektrownia Opole
Timeline: delivered 1997
Outcome: delivered
Description: A district thermal power plant in Brzezie near Dobrzeń Wielki outside Opole, whose original stage comprised four power units commissioned in 1993-1997 with a combined installed capacity of 1492 MW (1×376 MW, 1×373 MW, 1×373 MW, 1×370 MW). The first unit was placed into operation on 23 February 1993, and the subsequent units in the following years through to 1997. Construction of the power plant as an investment of national significance was carried out from the 1970s. The facility is managed by PGE Górnictwo i Energetyka Konwencjonalna S.A. Oddział Elektrownia Opole. The record-breaking capacity of units 1-4 made Opole one of the largest power plants in the country; the construction of units 5 and 6 (2014-2019) was a separate, later investment.
Significance: The four units of the Opole Power Plant commissioned in 1993-1997 (1492 MW in total) were one of the largest energy investments completed in Poland in the first half of the 1990s and for years constituted one of the key sources of capacity in the National Power System. The coal-fired power plant became a pillar of energy supply in the Opole region and on a national scale, and the experience gained from its operation was the basis for the later expansion with units 5 and 6.
Sources:
  - Elektrownia Opole (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elektrownia_Opole
  - Elektrownia Opole: modernizacja bloków 1–4 (Inżynieria.com): https://inzynieria.com/energetyka/elektrownie_i_elektrocieplownie/wiadomosci/52620,elektrownia-opole-modernizacja-blokow-14

## Ostrołęka C Power Plant (coal unit)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/elektrownia-ostroleka-c
Status: cancelled | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 6.0 bn PLN | Investor: Elektrownia Ostrołęka sp. z o.o. (Energa, Enea)
Timeline: started 2018-12-28
Outcome: abandoned, restructured, written off
Description: Ostrołęka C Power Plant is an abandoned project for a 1,000 MW coal-fired unit in Ostrołęka, carried out by a special-purpose company owned in equal shares by the state-owned groups Energa and Enea. Works formally began at the end of December 2018, but in February 2020 the partners suspended financing and abandoned the coal variant, earmarking the site for a separate combined-cycle gas unit. Inspectors from the Supreme Audit Office (NIK) judged the way the investment was closed to be flawed and announced a notification to the prosecutor's office.
Significance: Halting one of the last large domestic coal investments produced a loss estimated by NIK at over PLN 1.3 billion, comprising write-downs by Energa and Enea and a settlement with the general contractor reaching approx. PLN 958 million net. The matter became the subject of a critical NIK report and a notification to the prosecutor's office, and the site where work had begun was later used for a gas unit project.
Reason for failure: In February 2020 the partners Energa and Enea suspended financing for the construction of the Ostrołęka C coal unit and subsequently abandoned the coal variant in favour of gas technology; Enea withdrew from the undertaking. A NIK audit assessed the way the project was closed as unlawful and uneconomical, pointing to a loss exceeding PLN 1.3 billion.
Sources:
  - Enea, Energa i elektrownia Ostrołęka C. Węgiel, gaz i energetyka (BiznesAlert, 2020-05-20): https://biznesalert.pl/enea-energa-elektrownia-ostroleka-c-wegiel-gaz-energetyka/
  - Zarząd Elektrowni Ostrołęka działał nielegalnie. NIK pokazał raport (WNP.pl, 2025-08-18): https://www.wnp.pl/energia/zarzad-elektrowni-ostroleka-dzialal-nielegalnie-nik-pokazal-raport,975064.html
  - Wielka węglowa inwestycja PiS przyniosła prawie miliard strat (Interia Biznes): https://biznes.interia.pl/gospodarka/news-wielka-weglowa-inwestycja-pis-przyniosla-prawie-miliard-stra,nId,8010983
  - Budowa bloku C w Elektrowni Ostrołęka. NIK zapowiada zawiadomienie do prokuratury (TVN24, 2025-08-18): https://tvn24.pl/biznes/z-kraju/budowa-bloku-c-w-elektrowni-ostroleka-najwyzsza-izba-kontroli-zapowiada-zawiadomienie-do-prokuratury-st8603812
  - Rusza budowa bloku 1000 MW w Elektrowni Ostrołęka C (WNP.pl, 2018-12-29): https://www.wnp.pl/energia/energetyka/rusza-budowa-bloku-1000-mw-w-elektrowni-ostroleka-c,337043.html
  - Elektrownia Ostrołęka - Inwestycje Energetyczne (Politechnika Warszawska) (Politechnika Warszawska, 2022-04-24): https://inwestycjeenergetyczne.pw.edu.pl/inwestycja/elektrownia-ostroleka/
  - Konsorcjum GE Power i Alstom ma wybudować elektrownię Ostrołęka C (Interia Biznes, 2018-04): https://biznes.interia.pl/gospodarka/news-konsorcjum-ge-power-i-alstom-ma-wybudowac-elektrownie-ostrol,nId,4135007
  - Prawie miliard strat zamiast bloku węglowego w Ostrołęce (Najwyższa Izba Kontroli (NIK), 2025-08-18): https://www.nik.gov.pl/aktualnosci/spojnosc-i-infrastruktura/blok-weglowy-ostroleka-c.html
  - Gazowe inwestycje przyspieszają. PKN Orlen do 2025 roku wybuduje blok gazowy w Ostrołęce (ZielonaGospodarka.pl): https://zielonagospodarka.pl/gazowe-inwestycje-przyspieszaja-pkn-orlen-do-2025-roku-wybuduje-blok-gazowy-w-ostrolece-1770
  - Śledztwo ws. elektrowni Ostrołęka. Są nowe zarzuty. Ale najgłośniejszy wątek wciąż bez przełomu (eOstroleka.pl, 2026-03-23): https://www.eostroleka.pl/sledztwo-ws-elektrowni-ostroleka-sa-nowe-zarzuty-ale-najglosniejszy-watek-wciaz-bez-przelomu,art126658.html

## Elektrownia Północ (Rajkowy near Pelplin)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/elektrownia-polnoc-rajkowy-k-pelplina
Status: cancelled | Stage: permits | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): n/a | Investor: Polenergia
Timeline: n/a
Outcome: abandoned
Description: A planned private 1,600 MW coal-fired power plant (2 x 800 MWe) in Rajkowy near Pelplin in Pomorskie Voivodeship, developed by Polenergia, a company of the Kulczyk group. The unit was to be fuelled by hard coal (on the order of 4.5-5 million tonnes per year). The investment did not materialise: following the annulment of the building permit and a June 2019 ruling of the Supreme Administrative Court in Warsaw, the project ended definitively.
Significance: The abandonment of the largest planned private coal-fired power plant in Poland is sometimes read as the symbolic end of the era of new coal units in the country. After dropping the project, the investor redirected its activity towards renewable energy, including offshore wind farms on the Baltic Sea.
Reason for failure: The investment was not carried out. The June 2019 ruling of the Supreme Administrative Court in Warsaw marked the definitive end of the project; earlier, as far back as 2015, the investor had pointed to the absence of economic grounds for its implementation.
Sources:
  - Elektrownia Północ nie powstanie. To symboliczny koniec epoki węgla w Polsce (OKO.press, 2019-06-27): https://oko.press/elektrownia-polnoc-nie-powstanie-to-symboliczny-koniec-epoki-wegla-w-polsce
  - Elektrownia Północ przechodzi do historii (Dzikie Życie, 2019): https://dzikiezycie.pl/archiwum/2019/lipiec-i-sierpien-2019/elektrownia-polnoc-przechodzi-do-historii
  - Elektrownia Północ bez pozwolenia na budowę. To koniec inwestycji (Dziennik.pl): https://gospodarka.dziennik.pl/news/artykuly/600615,elektrownia-polnoc-pozwolenie-budowa-inwestycja-pelplin.html
  - Elektrownia Północ (Inwestycje Energetyczne (Politechnika Warszawska)): https://inwestycjeenergetyczne.pw.edu.pl/inwestycja/elektrownia-polnoc/
  - Pólnoc power station (Global Energy Monitor): https://www.gem.wiki/P%C3%B3lnoc_power_station
  - Polenergia nie będzie mogła wybudować elektrowni węglowej Północ w okolicy Pelplina (Gazeta Prawna, 2019-06-19): https://www.gazetaprawna.pl/biznes/energetyka/artykuly/10921844,elektrownia-weglowa-polnoc-nie-powstanie-pelplin.html

## Młoty Pumped-Storage Power Plant (revival)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/elektrownia-szczytowo-pompowa-mloty-reaktywacja
Status: under construction | Stage: permits | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 5.0 bn PLN | Investor: PGE Polska Grupa Energetyczna
Timeline: n/a
Description: The revival of the Młoty pumped-storage power plant in the Bystrzyckie Mountains, on the Bystrzyca Łomnicka river, in the village of Młoty in the Bystrzyca Kłodzka municipality in Kłodzko County (Dolnośląskie Voivodeship). Construction began in 1973 and was abandoned; the project is being taken up again by PGE Polska Grupa Energetyczna, carrying it out through the special-purpose company PGE Inwest 12, in which NFOŚiGW holds a 49% stake. Under the current assumptions, the plant is to reach a capacity of 1,050 MW and approx. 4,090 MWh of storage capacity. The estimated cost of the investment is approx. PLN 5 billion (some sources give at least PLN 6 billion). Carrying out this variant of the project requires flooding the entire village of Młoty to create the lower reservoir. At the turn of 2025 and 2026 the company submitted an environmental report to the Regional Directorate for Environmental Protection (RDOŚ) in Wrocław, and the project schedule depends on the timing of obtaining the environmental decision.
Significance: The project is intended to be one of the most advanced undertakings to build a pumped-storage power plant in Poland and to serve for energy storage and stabilisation of the national power system during peaks in demand. At full capacity of 1,050 MW the installation could operate for approx. four hours. The lower reservoir on the Bystrzyca river is also to serve a retention function, reducing the risk of flooding in the area of Bystrzyca Kłodzka. The price of the undertaking, however, is the flooding of the entire village of Młoty to create the lower reservoir, which raises social opposition and environmental concerns.
Sources:
  - Elektrownia Młoty wraca do gry. Inwestor czeka na zgodę środowiskową (AgroNews, 2026-01-12): https://agronews.com.pl/artykul/elektrownia-mloty-wraca-do-gry-inwestor-czeka-na-zgode-srodowiskowa/
  - PGE czeka na decyzję środowiskową w sprawie ESP Młoty i szykuje nową elektrownię szczytowo-pompową (Gramwzielone.pl, 2025-06-02): https://www.gramwzielone.pl/magazynowanie-energii/20316065/pge-czeka-na-decyzje-srodowiskowa-w-sprawie-esp-mloty-i-szykuje-nowa-elektrownie-szczytowo-pompowa
  - Elektrownia zamiast wsi Młoty. Dokończą plany z czasów Gierka (Forsal.pl, 2025-04-30): https://forsal.pl/gospodarka/inwestycje/artykuly/11247637,dokoncza-elektrownie-z-czasow-gierka-cala-wies-zniknie-pod-woda.html
  - Wywłaszczenie wsi Młoty – budowa elektrowni szczytowo-pompowej (ESP) Młoty (wywlaszczenie.pl, 2025-01-15): https://www.wywlaszczenie.pl/blog/wywlaszczenie-wsi-mloty-budowa-elektrowni-szczytowo-pompowej-esp-mloty
  - Mieszkańcy protestowali, nie chcieli elektrowni. PGE. Jest zmiana decyzji (Money.pl, 2024-11-10): https://www.money.pl/gospodarka/mieszkancy-protestowali-nie-chcieli-elektrowni-pge-jest-zmiana-decyzji-7091080484645824a.html

## EuroHPC PL / Helios supercomputer (ACK Cyfronet AGH, Krakow)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/eurohpc-pl-superkomputer-helios-cyfronet
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 222 mln PLN | Investor: Akademickie Centrum Komputerowe Cyfronet AGH (Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie) – lider konsorcjum EuroHPC PL
Timeline: delivered 2024
Description: Helios is the fastest supercomputer in Poland, launched in 2024 at the Academic Computer Centre Cyfronet AGH in Krakow. It was created as part of the project "National Supercomputing Infrastructure for EuroHPC – EuroHPC PL", co-financed by the European Regional Development Fund (Operational Programme Smart Growth, measure 4.2), the total value of which amounted to approx. PLN 221.9 million. The machine was designed by Cyfronet and built by Hewlett Packard Enterprise; it is Cyfronet's fifth-generation supercomputer, based among other things on NVIDIA Grace Hopper GH200 superchips and NVIDIA H100 accelerators. Helios reaches a total of approx. 36 PFLOPS of theoretical computing power and regularly ranks in the top hundred fastest and among the leading most energy-efficient supercomputers in the world (the TOP500 and Green500 lists). The EuroHPC PL project was carried out by a consortium of several centres (Krakow, Wrocław, Poznań, Gdańsk), and Helios constitutes its key element, located in Krakow. Despite a cost below the PLN 500 million threshold, the investment is strategic in character as national computing infrastructure integrated into the European EuroHPC network.
Significance: Helios significantly increased the national computing potential: its total power of approx. 36 PFLOPS represents more than a fourfold increase over Cyfronet's previous flagship system. As the fastest supercomputer in Poland since 2024, it supports scientific research including in chemistry, medicine, materials technology, astronomy and climate protection, as well as artificial intelligence computations. The presence of Helios in the top hundred of the TOP500 list and among the leaders of the energy-efficient Green500 list confirms its world class, and its embedding in the EuroHPC PL programme integrates Polish infrastructure into the European network of computing resources available to scientists, industry and public administration.
Sources:
  - Narodowa Infrastruktura Superkomputerowa dla EuroHPC (EuroHPC PL) (Ministerstwo Funduszy i Polityki Regionalnej – Mapa Dotacji UE): https://mapadotacji.gov.pl/projekty/1290007/
  - Superkomputer Helios w TOP100 najszybszych i TOP10 najbardziej efektywnych energetycznie superkomputerów świata (Akademickie Centrum Komputerowe Cyfronet AGH, 2025): https://www.cyfronet.pl/pl/news/2025/superkomputer-helios-w-top100-najszybszych-i-top10-najbardziej-efektywnych-energetycznie-superkomputerow-swiata
  - Helios (superkomputer) (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helios_(superkomputer)
  - HPE zbudowało najszybszy superkomputer w Polsce dla ACK Cyfronet AGH (bank.pl (Miesięcznik Finansowy BANK), 2024-04-27): https://bank.pl/hpe-zbudowalo-najszybszy-superkomputer-w-polsce-dla-ack-cyfronet-agh/

## Camerimage European Film Centre in Toruń
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/europejskie-centrum-filmowe-camerimage-w-toruniu
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 600 mln PLN | Investor: Ministerstwo Kultury i Dziedzictwa Narodowego, Gmina Miasta Toruń, Fundacja Tumult
Timeline: announced 2019, started 2023, planned 2028
Description: A flagship cultural investment in Toruń (Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship): the construction of the seat of the Camerimage European Film Centre, a state cultural institution linked to the EnergaCamerimage festival. Its co-founders and co-financers are the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage, the Municipality of the City of Toruń and the Tumult Foundation, and the cost of building the premises was estimated in September 2019 at approx. PLN 600 million (PLN 400 million from the ministry and PLN 200 million from the city). The project was divided into two stages. Stage I — the film studio — is being carried out by the Toruń-based company Erbud (contract from the beginning of October 2023, design by the Austrian studio Baumschlager Eberle Lustenau), with completion planned for the first half of 2026. Stage II, covering the remaining, considerably larger part of the building, has been on hold since autumn 2024: the ministry called for investment activities to be halted, indicating that the costs and schedule were not realistic and required verification.
Significance: The investment is intended to provide Toruń with a professional film production studio and a permanent seat for the international EnergaCamerimage festival, strengthening the city's position on the country's cultural map. Implementation is, however, uneven: while stage I (the studio) is under construction with a completion date in the first half of 2026, the future of the considerably larger stage II depends on decisions by the Ministry of Culture, which since autumn 2024 has been halting investment activities, questioning the realism of the costs and schedule as well as the formula for jointly running the institution. The city declared PLN 200 million, but continuation of the second stage remains uncertain, which makes the project a candidate for monitoring the risk of suspension.
Sources:
  - Ministerstwo Kultury weryfikuje koszta budowy Europejskiego Centrum Filmowego (Polska Agencja Prasowa (PAP)): https://www.pap.pl/aktualnosci/ministerstwo-kultury-weryfikuje-koszta-budowy-europejskiego-centrum-filmowego
  - Inwestycja ECF Camerimage Toruń (Europejskie Centrum Filmowe Camerimage): https://inwestycja.ecfcamerimage.pl/
  - Europejskie Centrum Filmowe Camerimage w Toruniu. Inwestycja w zawieszeniu, ale nadzieja wciąż żywa (PropertyDesign.pl): https://www.propertydesign.pl/architektura/104/europejskie_centrum_filmowe_camerimage_w_toruniu_inwestycja_w_zawieszeniu_ale_nadzieja_wciaz_zywa,52369.html
  - Camerimage 2025. Spór o budowę Europejskiego Centrum Filmowego (Wprost): https://www.wprost.pl/kraj/11921502/camerimage-2025-spor-o-budowe-europejskiego-centrum-filmowego.html
  - Toruń. Budowa ECFC za 600 milionów złotych stanęła pod znakiem zapytania (TVN24): https://tvn24.pl/kujawsko-pomorskie/torun-budowa-ecfc-za-600-milionow-zlotych-stanela-pod-znakiem-zapytania-wzbudza-szerokie-dyskusje-st8272861

## European Solidarity Centre in Gdańsk
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/europejskie-centrum-solidarnosci-gdansk
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 226 mln PLN | Investor: Europejskie Centrum Solidarności — instytucja kultury współprowadzona przez MKiDN, Województwo Pomorskie, Miasto Gdańsk, NSZZ „Solidarność" i Fundację Centrum Solidarności (inwestor budowy: Gmina Miasta Gdańska)
Timeline: announced 2007-11-08, started 2010-10-06, delivered 2014-08-30
Outcome: delivered
Description: A cultural institution and multifunctional museum and education facility at pl. Solidarności 1 in Gdańsk, next to Gate No. 2 of the Gdańsk Shipyard, dedicated to the heritage of the Solidarity movement and the anti-communist opposition in Central and Eastern Europe. The institution was established on the basis of an agreement of 8 November 2007, concluded between the Minister of Culture and National Heritage, Pomorskie Voivodeship, the City of Gdańsk, the NSZZ "Solidarność" trade union and the Solidarity Centre Foundation. The construction site was handed over to the general contractor on 6 October 2010, and the ceremonial opening of the new seat took place on 30 August 2014. The architectural design was selected in a competition won by the Gdańsk studio Fort (Wojciech Targowski, Paweł Czarzasty, Piotr Mazur, Antoni Taraszkiewicz). The beneficiary and investor of the construction was the Municipality of the City of Gdańsk; the total value of the project amounted to PLN 225,809,935.46, including maximum funding from European Union funds of PLN 107,532,549.59.
Significance: The European Solidarity Centre has become one of the most important institutions of culture and national remembrance in Poland and a flagship attraction of Gdańsk, commemorating the Solidarity movement and the peaceful opposition to communism. The ceremonial inauguration on 30–31 August 2014 was attended by, among others, President Bronisław Komorowski and Lech Wałęsa. The facility houses a permanent exhibition, an archive, a library and educational and conference spaces. According to data from the City of Gdańsk, since its opening in 2014 the institution has been visited by over 6.2 million people, and over 1.3 million have toured the permanent exhibition, which makes the ECS one of the most frequently visited museums in the region.
Sources:
  - Budowa Europejskiego Centrum Solidarności w Gdańsku (Gdańsk.pl (Urząd Miejski w Gdańsku)): https://www.gdansk.pl/inwestycje-miejskie/Budowa-Europejskiego-Centrum-Solidarnosci-w-Gdansku,a,17765
  - Europejskie Centrum Solidarności (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europejskie_Centrum_Solidarno%C5%9Bci
  - 15 lat temu powołano do życia Europejskie Centrum Solidarności (Gdańsk.pl (Urząd Miejski w Gdańsku), 2022): https://www.gdansk.pl/wiadomosci/15-lat-temu-powolano-do-zycia-Europejskie-Centrum-Solidarnosci,a,231144
  - W Gdańsku otwarto Europejskie Centrum Solidarności (dzieje.pl (PAP), 2014-08-31): https://dzieje.pl/aktualnosci/w-gdansku-otwarto-europejskie-centrum-solidarnosci

## Mercedes-Benz electric van factory (VAN.EA) in Jawor
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/fabryka-elektrycznych-vanow-mercedes-benz-van-ea-w-jaworze
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 4.3 bn PLN | Investor: Mercedes-Benz
Timeline: started 2024-12, planned 2026
Description: Mercedes-Benz is expanding its plant in Jawor in Lower Silesia (Wałbrzych Special Economic Zone "Invest Park") with a new factory for light commercial vehicles based on the fully electric, modular VAN.EA architecture. Construction was symbolically inaugurated in December 2024, and from 2026 all newly developed medium and large Mercedes-Benz vans are to be built on this platform. The company announced outlays exceeding EUR 1 billion; employment in Jawor is to grow by around 2,500 people. In 2025 assembly of the structure of the production halls was under way.
Significance: The investment makes Jawor one of Mercedes-Benz's key electromobility centres in Europe: it is a new factory for light vans on the fully electric VAN.EA platform, being launched alongside the engine and battery plant operating since 2019. The company announced outlays exceeding EUR 1 billion, and total employment in Jawor is to grow by around 2,500 people (contractually at least 300 new jobs, including 30 for people with higher education), which is associated with additional jobs at suppliers and subcontractors in the region. Series production of the new generation of commercial vehicles is to start from 2026.
Sources:
  - Niemiecki gigant buduje fabrykę w Polsce. Praca dla 2,5 tys. osób (Money.pl, 2024-12): https://www.money.pl/gospodarka/niemiecki-gigant-buduje-fabryke-w-polsce-praca-dla-2-5-tys-osob-7099949085309568a.html
  - Mercedes increases investment in Jawor, Lower Silesia (Invest in Wrocław (ARAW), 2025): https://invest-in-wroclaw.pl/mercedes-increases-investment-in-jawor-lower-silesia
  - Milestone for electric transformation - Mercedes-Benz Vans production network (Mercedes-Benz Group AG, 2024-12): https://group.mercedes-benz.com/company/news/mercedes-benz-vans-production-network.html
  - Mercedes-Benz is growing in Jawor (Eurobuild CEE, 2024): https://eurobuildcee.com/en/news/34868-mercedes-benz-is-growing-in-jawor

## SK Nexilis copper foil factory in Stalowa Wola
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/fabryka-folii-miedzianej-sk-nexilis-w-stalowej-woli
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 3.0 bn PLN | Investor: SK Nexilis
Timeline: announced 2022, started 2022
Description: A plant producing copper foil for electric vehicle batteries, being built by the South Korean company SK Nexilis (SKC group) in Stalowa Wola. Construction was inaugurated in 2022, and production was originally planned to start in mid-2024; the schedule was delayed, among other reasons, due to the slowdown in the electric vehicle market. The declared value of the investment is approx. PLN 3 billion, and the target production capacity is approx. 50 thousand tonnes of foil per year, which is to make the plant the largest facility of its kind in Europe. At the turn of 2024 and 2025 the project received a grant from the Polish government of PLN 545 million (approx. USD 133 million) under the EU Temporary Crisis and Transition Framework. According to local press reports from June 2026, the plant began production of copper foil (this status requires confirmation in a verifiable source).
Significance: The factory is intended to strengthen the domestic supply chain for electromobility, providing copper foil used in the batteries of electric vehicles. The investment, with a target capacity of approx. 50 thousand tonnes per year, is to create over 500 jobs in the region and fits into the expansion of European cell production facilities; the plant was to supply copper foil to, among others, Northvolt.
Sources:
  - Korean firm invests €627m to build electric vehicle component plant in Poland (Notes from Poland, 2022-07-11): https://notesfrompoland.com/2022/07/11/korean-firm-invests-e627m-to-build-electric-vehicle-component-plant-in-poland/
  - SK Nexilis otrzymał od Polski dotację 133 mln USD i zbuduje w Stalowej Woli fabrykę do produkcji folii miedzianej (Mikrokontroler.pl, 2025-01-10): https://mikrokontroler.pl/2025/01/10/sk-nexilis/
  - SK Nexilis z dotacją 545 mln zł na budowę zakładu produkcji folii miedzianej w Stalowej Woli (Carpatia Biznes, 2024-12-30): https://www.carpatiabiznes.pl/sk-nexilis-z-dotacja-545-mln-zl-na-budowe-zakladu-produkcji-folii-miedzianej-w-stalowej-woli/
  - Ruszyła budowa fabryki folii miedzianej SK Nexilis o wartości 3 mld zł w Stalowej Woli (WysokieNapiecie.pl, 2022): https://wysokienapiecie.pl/krotkie-spiecie/ruszy-a-budowa-fabryki-folii-miedzianej-sk-nexilis-o-warto-ci-3-mld-z-w-stalowej-woli/
  - SK Nexilis signs W1.4tr copper foil deal with Northvolt (The Korea Herald, 2023-02-19): https://www.koreaherald.com/article/3065584
  - SKC's copper foil plant secures $133m subsidy in Poland (The Korea Herald, 2024-12-26): https://www.koreaherald.com/article/10031219
  - Dni Otwarte w koreańskim zakładzie SK nexilis Poland w Stalowej Woli (Echo Dnia Podkarpackie, 2026-06): https://echodnia.eu/podkarpackie/dni-otwarte-w-koreanskim-zakladzie-sk-nexilis-poland-w-stalowej-woli-jedyna-okazja-by-zobaczyc-jak-wyglada-tu-produkcja/ar/c3p2-29124737

## IONWAY cathode materials plant (Umicore + PowerCo/VW) in Nysa
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/fabryka-materialow-katodowych-ionway-umicore-powerco-vw-w-ny
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 7.3 bn PLN | Investor: IONWAY (JV Umicore / PowerCo, Grupa Volkswagen)
Timeline: announced 2023-10-07, planned 2026
Description: IONWAY, a joint venture of Belgium's Umicore and PowerCo (the battery company of the Volkswagen Group), is building its first cathode active materials (CAM) plant for electric-vehicle batteries in Radzikowice on the outskirts of Nysa (Opolskie Voivodeship), within the Wałbrzych Special Economic Zone INVEST-PARK. The investment, worth up to approx. EUR 1.7 billion by the end of the decade and supported by a Polish government grant of EUR 350 million, is ultimately to employ approx. 900 people and is being built next to Umicore's existing plant. The plant was announced in October 2023, with production scheduled to start in the first half of 2026.
Significance: The investment, worth up to approx. EUR 1.7 billion, is ultimately to create approx. 900 jobs and integrate Poland into the European supply chain for cathode active materials (CAM) for electric-vehicle batteries, alongside Umicore's existing plant in the Wałbrzych Special Economic Zone INVEST-PARK. The project received a EUR 350 million grant from the state budget and strengthens the Opolskie region's position as a hub for the electromobility industry. A risk to the pace of production start-up remains the slowdown in demand for electric vehicles in Europe in 2024-2025.
Sources:
  - New European battery materials player IONWAY locates first production plant in Nysa, Poland (Volkswagen Group, 2023-10-07): https://www.volkswagen-group.com/en/press-releases/new-european-battery-materials-player-ionway-locates-first-production-plant-in-nysa-poland-17734
  - IONWAY – the PowerCo/Umicore JV – to locate its first production plant in Nysa, Poland (IONWAY, 2023-10-07): https://ionway.com/blog/2023/10/07/ionway-to-locate-its-first-production-plant-in-nysa-poland/
  - Another strategic investment in the Wałbrzych Special Economic Zone! (Polish Investment and Trade Agency (PAIH), 2023-10): https://www.paih.gov.pl/en/news/another-strategic-investment-in-the-walbrzych-special-economic-zone/
  - Ionway buduje w Polsce fabrykę materiałów katodowych (Evertiq, 2025-05-22): https://evertiq.pl/news/2025-05-22-ionway-buduje-w-polsce-fabryke-materialow-katodowych
  - Budowa fabryki materiałów akumulatorowych IONWAY na przedmieściach Nysy przebiega zgodnie z planem (Mikrokontroler.pl, 2025-05-26): https://mikrokontroler.pl/2025/05/26/budowa-fabryki-materialow-akumulatorowych-ionway-na-przedmiesciach-nysy/

## Umicore cathode materials plant in Nysa
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/fabryka-materialow-katodowych-umicore-w-nysie
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): n/a | Investor: Umicore
Timeline: announced 2018, started 2019, delivered 2022
Outcome: delivered, delayed, rescaled
Description: The Umicore plant in Nysa (Radzikowice, Opolskie Voivodeship) produces cathode active materials (CAM) for lithium-ion cells for electric vehicles. Construction began in 2019, production started in July 2022, and the official inauguration took place on 21 September 2022. Umicore presents the facility as Europe's first cathode materials gigafactory, powered by energy from a nearby onshore wind farm. Target capacity was to reach 20 GWh by the end of 2023 and 40 GWh in 2024, with potential of over 200 GWh in the second half of the decade.
Significance: Europe's first gigafactory-scale cathode materials plant, part of building a European battery value chain and reducing dependence on Asian suppliers. The plant supplies CAM to cell and vehicle manufacturers in Europe and creates industrial infrastructure and jobs in the Nysa region (approx. 240 people at the time of opening, with plans to grow to approx. 400). Its growth depends on the pace of demand for electric vehicles in Europe.
Sources:
  - Umicore inaugurates Europe's first battery materials gigafactory (Umicore, 2022-09-21): https://www.umicore.com/en/newsroom/news/umicore-inaugurates-europes-first-battery-materials-gigafactory/
  - Umicore opens cathode material plant in Poland (electrive.com, 2022-09-21): https://www.electrive.com/2022/09/21/umicore-opens-cathode-material-plant-in-poland/
  - Nysa | Umicore Poland (Umicore Poland): https://www.umicore.pl/en/our-sites/nysa/
  - Umicore gets EUR125m EIB loan to build cathode material facility in Poland (World Construction Network, 2020-06-16): https://www.worldconstructionnetwork.com/news/umicore-gets-125m-eib-loan-to-build-cathode-material-facility-in-poland/
  - Umicore unveils roadmap to 2028 (Capital Markets Day) (Umicore, 2025-03-27): https://www.umicore.com/en/media/newsroom/umicore-unveils-roadmap-to-2028/
  - Slowdown in EV growth significantly impacts 2024 outlook for Umicore's Battery Materials activities (Umicore, 2024-06-12): https://www.umicore.com/en/media/newsroom/slowdown-in-ev-growth-significantly-impacts-2024-outlook-for-umicores-battery-materials-activities/
  - Umicore outlines its European production roadmap for cathode materials (Nysa site selection) (Umicore, 2018-06-01): https://umicore.com/en/newsroom/news/umicore-outlines-its-european-production-roadmap-for-cathode-materials
  - IONWAY - the Umicore/PowerCo JV - to locate its first production plant in Nysa, Poland (Umicore, 2024-11): https://www.umicore.com/en/media/newsroom/ionway-first-production-plant-in-nysa/

## PepsiCo (Frito-Lay) plant in Święte near Środa Śląska
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/fabryka-pepsico-frito-lay-swiete
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 1.0 bn PLN | Investor: Frito Lay sp. z o.o. (Grupa PepsiCo)
Timeline: started 2021-08-26, planned 2023-05, delivered 2023-05-31
Outcome: delivered
Description: PepsiCo (Frito Lay sp. z o.o.) built a new snack production plant in the village of Święte in the municipality of Środa Śląska, a dozen or so kilometers from Wrocław. The cornerstone was laid on 26 August 2021, and the factory was officially opened on 31 May 2023. The value of the investment exceeded PLN 1 billion, making it the company's fifth production plant in Poland. The plant produces Lay's chips and — for the first time in Poland — Doritos corn chips, destined for 20 European markets. Target employment was planned at around 450 people. The facility is promoted as PepsiCo's most environmentally sustainable snack plant in Europe, with a goal of climate neutrality by 2035.
Significance: The plant is one of the largest FMCG-sector investments in Lower Silesia in recent years and PepsiCo's fifth production plant in Poland, described by the investor as PepsiCo's largest investment in the country. It launched production of Lay's chips from Polish potatoes and — for the first time in Poland — Doritos chips, some of which go to 20 European markets, strengthening the region's export role. The investment, worth over PLN 1 billion, ultimately created around 450 jobs (some later reports cite over 600 employed), mainly for residents of the region. The plant is positioned as PepsiCo's most environmentally sustainable snack plant in Europe, with a declared goal of achieving climate neutrality (zero emissions) by 2035.
Sources:
  - PepsiCo Factory, Środa Śląska (IEA (Industrial Engineering Agency), 2023): https://www.iea.com.pl/n/en/2023_pepsico/
  - Ruszył zakład PEPSICO w Świętem (Gmina Środa Śląska, 2023-05): https://srodaslaska.pl/aktualnosci/ruszyl-zaklad-pepsico-w-swietem/
  - PepsiCo buduje pod Wrocławiem supernowoczesny zakład chipsów Frito Lay (Wroclaw.pl (Urząd Miejski Wrocławia), 2023): https://www.wroclaw.pl/przedsiebiorczy-wroclaw/pepsico-frito-lay-zaklad-chipsow-wroclaw-otwarcie
  - Rusza nowa, wielka fabryka PepsiCo pod Środą Śląską na Dolnym Śląsku (Investmap.pl, 2021-08): https://investmap.pl/rusza-nowa-wielka-fabryka-pepsico-pod-sroda-slaska-na-dolnym-slasku.a304252
  - The largest factory for PepsiCo in Poland in twenty months (Budimex S.A. (generalny wykonawca), 2023-05): https://budimex.pl/en/press/the-largest-factory-for-pepsico-in-poland-in-twenty-months/

## 155 mm powder and ammunition plant in Pionki (Eurenco / PGZ)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/fabryka-prochu-i-amunicji-155mm-pionki-eurenco-pgz
Status: under construction | Stage: announced | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 1.1 bn PLN | Investor: Spółka joint venture PGZ / Mesko / Eurenco (strona polska 51%)
Timeline: announced 2025-10-22, planned 2029
Description: A new plant for multi-base powder and modular charges for 155 mm caliber artillery ammunition, being built in Pionki in Mazovia on the site of Mesko (PGZ Group) in cooperation with the French group Eurenco. The project envisages establishing a joint venture with the participation of PGZ, Mesko and Eurenco, in which the Polish side is to retain a 51% stake, along with technology transfer modeled on Eurenco's plant in Bergerac, France. A framework agreement for ten years of cooperation was signed on 22 October 2025 at Mesko's headquarters in Pionki, and on 15 June 2026, during the Eurosatory 2026 trade fair, Mesko and Eurenco concluded a shareholders' agreement establishing the joint venture. Eurenco's investment on the Polish side is estimated at around EUR 250 million; the plant's target capacity is around 1,200 tonnes of artillery powder per year and up to 600 thousand modular charges. Production start-up is planned for 2028, with full capacity to be reached at the beginning of 2029 at the latest.
Significance: The plant is intended to close one of the weakest links in the European artillery ammunition production chain — the manufacture of powder and propellant charges. Launching production in Poland of multi-base powder (ultimately approx. 1,200 tonnes per year) and up to 600 thousand modular charges for 155 mm shells is to make the domestic and European industry independent of external supplies of this critical component. Retaining a 51% stake on the Polish side is to ensure domestic control over the production process, while the transfer of Eurenco technology (the Bergerac model) is to reduce production start-up risks. The investment strengthens Poland's strategic self-sufficiency in the 155 mm ammunition segment.
Sources:
  - PGZ wybrała Eurenco do budowy fabryki prochów i amunicji 155 mm. Produkcja ruszy do 2028 roku (Portal Obronny): https://portalobronny.se.pl/przemysl-zbrojeniowy/pgz-wybrala-eurenco-do-budowy-fabryki-prochow-i-amunicji-155-mm-produkcja-ruszy-do-2028-roku-aa-r5C9-Qr2E-3jq9.html
  - Eurenco inwestuje 250 mln euro w Polsce (Defence24): https://defence24.pl/przemysl/eurenco-inwestuje-250-mln-euro-w-polsce
  - PGZ i Eurenco zbudują fabrykę prochów w Pionkach do 2028 roku (BiznesAlert, 2025-10-22): https://biznesalert.pl/pgz-i-eurenco-zbuduja-fabryke-prochow-w-pionkach-do-2028-roku/
  - Historic Deal at Eurosatory 2026: Poland Builds Strategic Independence for 155mm Ammunition (MILMAG, 2026-06-15): https://milmag.pl/en/historic-deal-at-eurosatory-2026-poland-builds-strategic-independence-for-155mm-ammunition/
  - PGZ and EURENCO Enhance Strategic Partnership (Polska Grupa Zbrojeniowa, 2025-10): https://grupapgz.pl/en/pgz-and-eurenco-enhance-strategic-partnership/

## Electric car factory in Jaworzno (formerly Izera / ElectroMobility Poland)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/fabryka-samochodow-elektrycznych-w-jaworznie-d-izera-electro
Status: planned | Stage: announced | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 4.5 bn PLN | Investor: ElectroMobility Poland
Timeline: planned 2029
Description: A project to build an electric car factory in Jaworzno, led by ElectroMobility Poland, the successor to the Izera brand, which was abandoned in its previous form. After securing PLN 4.5 billion from the Recovery Plan (KPO) and establishing cooperation with Taiwan's Foxconn as a strategic partner, the company plans to launch production of a new Polish electric car brand; the first car is to leave the plant in 2029. The factory has not yet been built.
Significance: The investment is intended to create a next-generation automotive plant in Jaworzno and rebuild the Polish electric car project after the failure of the original Izera, assuming a high share of domestic components and the development of research and development facilities. Implementation remains at an early stage and depends on finalizing agreements with the strategic partner and securing financing.
Sources:
  - Izera wraca do gry? Elektromobilność za 4,5 mld zł i nadzieja na nowy początek (Samar.pl, 2025): https://www.samar.pl/wiadomosci/izera-emp-i-fabryka-w-jaworznie-2025
  - To koniec Izery. 4,5 mld zł na inną markę i fabrykę w Jaworznie (Interia Motoryzacja, 2026): https://motoryzacja.interia.pl/wiadomosci/news-to-koniec-izery-4-5-mld-zl-na-inna-marke-i-fabryke-w-jaworzn,nId,22543564
  - Dali 4,5 miliarda na polski samochód. Takie SUV-y powstaną w Jaworznie zamiast Izery (Dziennik.pl, 2026-05): https://auto.dziennik.pl/aktualnosci/artykuly/11245873,dali-45-miliarda-na-polski-samochod-takie-suv-y-powstana-w-jaworznie-zamiast-izery.html
  - ElectroMobility Poland to build EV plant with Foxconn (electrive.com, 2026-05-08): https://www.electrive.com/2026/05/08/electromobility-poland-to-build-ev-plant-with-foxconn/

## Mercedes-Benz engine and battery plant in Jawor
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/fabryka-silnikow-i-baterii-mercedes-benz-w-jaworze
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 2.6 bn PLN | Investor: Mercedes-Benz Manufacturing Poland
Timeline: started 2017, delivered 2019
Outcome: delivered
Description: The Mercedes-Benz Manufacturing Poland plant in Jawor in Lower Silesia produces four-cylinder gasoline and diesel engines and batteries for Mercedes-Benz passenger cars, including plug-in hybrids and electric vehicles. Construction began in 2017, and production started in 2019. The value of the investment in the engine and battery plant was estimated at around EUR 600 million (over PLN 2.5 billion). It is the first Mercedes-Benz engine production plant outside Germany; it employs over 1,600 people, and in January 2024 its millionth engine was produced.
Significance: The plant in Jawor made Poland the first location for Mercedes-Benz engine production outside Germany and integrated Lower Silesia into the group's global supply chain. It created over a thousand highly skilled jobs (ultimately over 1,600), and the engines and batteries produced there go to Mercedes-Benz plants around the world. The plant also became the base for a further investment worth over a billion euros in an electric delivery van factory.
Sources:
  - About the factory - Mercedes-Benz Manufacturing Poland (Jawor) (Mercedes-Benz Manufacturing Poland): https://mercedes-benz-jawor.com.pl/en/factory-in-jawor/about-the-factory
  - Mercedes increases investment in Jawor (Lower Silesia) (Invest in Wrocław, 2026-07-10): https://invest-in-wroclaw.pl/mercedes-increases-investment-in-jawor-lower-silesia
  - Milionowy silnik z fabryki Mercedesa w Jaworze (Mercedes-Benz Polska, 2024-01): https://media.mercedes-benz.pl/milionowy-silnik-z-fabryki-mercedesa-w-jaworze/
  - Kolejna fabryka Mercedesa w Polsce. Pracę przy produkcji baterii dostanie 300 osób (Money.pl, 2019-01-22): https://www.money.pl/gospodarka/kolejna-fabryka-mercedesa-w-polsce-prace-przy-produkcji-baterii-dostanie-300-osob-6341236597110401a.html
  - Pierwszy milion silników benzynowych z fabryki Mercedesa (AutomotiveSuppliers.pl, 2025-07): https://automotivesuppliers.pl/pl/europa/pierwszy-milion-silnikow-benzynowych-z-fabryki-mercedesa

## Northvolt battery systems plant in Gdańsk (Northvolt Dwa)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/fabryka-systemow-bateryjnych-northvolt-w-gdansku-northvolt-d
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 800 mln PLN | Investor: Northvolt
Timeline: announced 2021, delivered 2024-11-22
Outcome: delivered, restructured
Description: An energy storage systems (BESS) production plant launched by the Swedish group Northvolt in the Stogi district of Gdańsk, on Andruszkiewicza Street. At the time of its opening in 2023, it was presented as the largest factory of its kind in Europe, with a target capacity of around 6 GWh per year and employment reaching nearly 300 people. Following Northvolt's bankruptcy, production was ended and the facility was taken over by the American company Lyten.
Significance: The plant was to be one of the pillars of the European energy storage supply chain — the largest BESS factory on the continent, with a facility of approx. 25,000 m², a target capacity of up to 6 GWh per year and employment reaching nearly 300 people. The financial collapse of the Northvolt group cut short these plans: some jobs were eliminated, and the plant's strategic potential passed under the control of a foreign investor (Lyten), which announced a resumption of production.
Reason for failure: The battery systems plant in Gdańsk fell victim to the financial crisis of the Northvolt group. On 21 November 2024, the company filed for creditor protection under Chapter 11 in the United States, and on 12 March 2025 its bankruptcy was declared in Sweden. Northvolt ended production activity in Gdańsk (announced 22 November 2024, nearly a year after the plant's launch), and the facility was sold to the American company Lyten — the transaction was finalized in October 2025.
Sources:
  - Struggling battery maker Northvolt to shut down energy storage manufacturing in Poland (Notes from Poland, 2024-11-25): https://notesfrompoland.com/2024/11/25/struggling-battery-maker-northvolt-to-shut-down-energy-storage-manufacturing-in-poland/
  - Northvolt zamknie fabrykę działającą na Stogach. Zakład zostanie sprzedany. Dlaczego? (Gdansk.pl (Miasto Gdańsk), 2024-11-22): https://www.gdansk.pl/wiadomosci/Northvolt-zamknie-fabryke-dzialajaca-na-Stogach-Zaklad-zostanie-sprzedany-Dlaczego,a,275555
  - Lyten Completes Acquisition of Northvolt BESS Manufacturing Facility in Poland (Lyten, 2025-10-15): https://lyten.com/2025/10/15/lyten-completes-acquisition-of-northvolt-bess-manufacturing-facility-in-poland/
  - Northvolt (Wikipedia): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northvolt
  - Fabryka bateryjnych systemów energii Lyten działa w Gdańsku pełną parą (Gdansk.pl (Miasto Gdańsk), 2026-03-20): https://www.gdansk.pl/wiadomosci/Fabryka-bateryjnych-systemow-energii-Lyten-dziala-w-Gdansku-pelna-para,a,306872
  - Northvolt BESS factory in Poland to 'restart production immediately' under new ownership (Energy-Storage.news, 2025-07-01): https://www.energy-storage.news/northvolt-bess-factory-in-poland-to-restart-production-immediately-under-new-ownership/

## Volkswagen Crafter factory in Września
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/fabryka-volkswagen-crafter-we-wrzesni
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 3.4 bn PLN | Investor: Volkswagen Poznań sp. z o.o. (Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles)
Timeline: started 2014-11, planned 2016, delivered 2016-10
Outcome: delivered
Description: The Volkswagen Poznań production plant in Białężyce near Września (Wielkopolskie Voivodeship), built from scratch in approx. 23 months from the laying of the cornerstone in November 2014 to the start of production in October 2016. The investment, worth approx. EUR 800 million, covered approx. 220 ha of land and was at the time one of the largest foreign investments in Poland. The factory produces Crafter delivery models (as well as the MAN TGE), with production capacity exceeding 100,000 vehicles per year. In November 2025, the group began expanding the plant for production of the new-generation electric e-Crafter.
Significance: The launch of the factory was one of the largest foreign industrial investments in Poland and made Volkswagen Poznań the largest employer in Wielkopolska (approx. 9,000 employees in the company, approx. 3,000 at the Września plant itself). The plant produces Crafter and MAN TGE delivery vehicles with capacity exceeding 100,000 vehicles per year (a record of 103,000 units in 2024). The expansion begun in November 2025, adding new body shops and a battery warehouse, is to prepare the factory for production of the new-generation electric e-Crafter and maintain the plant's strategic importance for the Polish automotive industry.
Sources:
  - Plant Opens in Września, Poland: State-of-the-art Factory for the New Crafter (PR Newswire / Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles, 2016-10): https://www.prnewswire.co.uk/news-releases/plant-opens-in-wrzenia-poland-state-of-the-art-factory-for-the-new-crafter-598158251.html
  - Zakład Crafter Września (Volkswagen Poznań): https://www.volkswagen-poznan.pl/fabryki/zaklad-crafter-wrzesnia
  - VW Commercial Vehicles expands plant in Poland for next e-Crafter (electrive.com, 2025-10-20): https://www.electrive.com/2025/10/20/vwn-expands-plant-in-poland-for-next-e-crafter/
  - Volkswagen inwestuje w rozbudowę fabryki we Wrześni (Volkswagen Poznań, 2025): https://volkswagen-poznan.pl/article/volkswagen-inwestuje-w-rozbudowe-fabryki-we-wrzesni-co-tam-powstanie
  - Volkswagen Group invests EUR 800 million in a factory in Poland (BNN (Baltic News Network), 2016-11-11): https://bnn-news.com/volkswagen-group-invests-eur-800-million-in-a-factory-in-poland-154642
  - VW Września: Rozbudowa fabryki o nowe hale produkcyjne i magazyn baterii (Samochody Specjalne, 2025-10-21): https://samochody-specjalne.pl/2025/10/21/vw-wrzesnia-rozbudowa-fabryki-o-nowe-hale-produkcyjne-i-magazyn-baterii/
  - Volkswagen Poznań: Rekord produkcji w 2024 roku i liczne wyzwania na horyzoncie (Volkswagen Poznań, 2025): http://volkswagen-poznan.pl/article/volkswagen-poznan-rekord-produkcji-w-2024-roku-i-liczne-wyzwania-na-horyzoncie
  - Spółka Volkswagen Poznań wyprodukowała w 2025 r. ponad 236 tys. samochodów (WNP.pl, 2026): https://www.wnp.pl/rynki/spolka-volkswagen-poznan-wyprodukowala-w-2025-r-ponad-236-tys-samochodow,1042824.html

## Protective Breakwaters of the Outer Port in Gdynia
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/falochrony-oslonowe-portu-zewnetrznego-w-gdyni
Status: under construction | Stage: permits | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 540 mln PLN | Investor: Zarząd Morskiego Portu Gdynia
Timeline: started 2024-10-02, planned 2028
Description: Construction of a new system of protective breakwaters forming the waterside access infrastructure for the planned Outer Port in Gdynia. The design-and-build contract for nearly 2.5 km of breakwaters was signed on 2 October 2024 between the Port of Gdynia Authority and a consortium of Budimex (leader), Roverpol and Rover Maritime. The contract is worth approximately PLN 438.7 million net (approximately PLN 539.6 million gross). The scope of works covers a design stage together with obtaining a building permit (up to 490 days from signing the contract) as well as construction works together with an occupancy permit (up to 819 days from obtaining the building permit). Construction of the breakwaters is scheduled to begin in mid-2026, with completion of all works in the second quarter of 2028.
Significance: The protective breakwaters constitute public maritime access infrastructure that is a precondition for the creation of the Outer Port in Gdynia — a key element intended to enable the subsequent construction of the actual pier and the deep-water terminal. The access infrastructure is the responsibility of the maritime administration, and its financing is provided by the Port of Gdynia Authority.
Sources:
  - Jest umowa na nowy układ falochronów osłonowych w Porcie Gdynia (Rynek Infrastruktury, 2024-10-02): https://www.rynekinfrastruktury.pl/wiadomosci/intermodal-i-logistyka/jest-umowa-na-nowy-uklad-falochronow-oslonowych-w-porcie-gdynia--92925.html
  - Umowa na budowę falochronów osłonowych w porcie Gdynia podpisana! (Budimex S.A., 2024-10-02): https://budimex.pl/informacje-prasowe/umowa-na-budowe-falochronow-oslonowych-w-porcie-_gdynia-podpisana-_-841478/
  - Budowa Portu Zewnętrznego w Gdyni. Kluczowa decyzja coraz bliżej (Money.pl, 2026-05-05): https://www.money.pl/gospodarka/budowa-portu-zewnetrznego-w-gdyni-kluczowa-decyzja-coraz-blizej-7282507694045216a.html
  - Będą falochrony osłonowe dla Portu Zewnętrznego w Gdyni. Podpisano umowę (Zawsze Pomorze, 2024-10-02): https://www.zawszepomorze.pl/artykul/15858,beda-falochrony-oslonowe-dla-portu-zewnetrznego-w-gdyni-podpisano-umowe
  - Prawdopodobnie Budimex wybuduje falochrony osłonowe w Porcie Gdynia (Gdynia.pl (Urząd Miasta Gdyni), 2024-06): https://www.gdynia.pl/dla-biznesu,8657/prawdopodobnie-budimex-wybuduje-falochrony-oslonowe-w-porcie-gdynia,582180

## Zwartowo Photovoltaic Farm (204 MWp)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/farma-fotowoltaiczna-zwartowo
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 860 mln PLN | Investor: Respect Energy
Timeline: planned 2022-09, delivered 2022-09
Outcome: delivered
Description: Poland's largest photovoltaic farm, located in the village of Zwartowo in the Choczewo commune (Wejherowo County, Pomorskie Voivodeship), covering an area of about 300 ha. The first stage, with a capacity of 204 MWp, was built by the Polish company Respect Energy in cooperation with the German firm Goldbeck Solar and was officially opened at the end of September 2022. The estimated value of the investment is approximately EUR 200 million; financing was provided by a consortium of three banks (Pekao, PKO BP and EBRD). A further expansion of the complex to approximately 285–290 MWp is planned, and a separate Zwartowo III project envisages the construction of another farm with a capacity of 255 MWp together with an energy storage facility with a capacity of 184 MW, for which the company secured more than PLN 326 million in preferential financing from the National Recovery Plan (KPO).
Significance: Following completion of the first stage (204 MWp), the installation became the largest photovoltaic farm in Poland and one of the largest in Central and Eastern Europe. Ultimately it is to supply green energy to approximately 153 thousand households, generating around 230 GWh of energy annually. The subsequent expansion stages and the Zwartowo III project with its large-scale energy storage facility are intended to further increase the share of renewable energy sources in the power system in the Pomorskie region.
Sources:
  - Farma fotowoltaiczna w Zwartowie firmy Respect Energy (RynekElektryczny.pl): https://www.rynekelektryczny.pl/farma-fotowoltaiczna-w-zawartowie-firmy-respect-energy/
  - Największa farma fotowoltaiczna w Polsce! Zwartowo zajmuje 300 hektarów (MuratorPlus.pl): https://www.muratorplus.pl/technika/oze/najwieksza-farma-fotowoltaiczna-w-polsce-zwartowo-zajmuje-300-hektarow-aa-yncx-To3c-bVhZ.html
  - Największa farma fotowoltaiczna w Europie Środkowo-Wschodniej oficjalnie otwarta (Respect Energy, 2022-09-29): https://respect.energy/najwieksza-farma-fotowoltaiczna-w-europie-srodkowo-wschodniej-oficjalnie-otwarta-2/
  - Pieniądze z KPO na ogromny projekt PV + BESS na Pomorzu (Gramwzielone.pl, 2026-05-27): https://www.gramwzielone.pl/energia-sloneczna/20361237/pieniadze-z-kpo-na-ogromny-projekt-pv-bess-na-pomorzu

## Miejska Górka Wind Farm (TAURON Zielona Energia)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/farma-wiatrowa-miejska-gorka-tauron
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 2.0 bn PLN | Investor: TAURON Zielona Energia sp. z o.o. (Grupa TAURON)
Timeline: announced 2024-09, planned 2027
Description: An onshore wind farm being built by TAURON Zielona Energia in Rawicz County (Wielkopolskie Voivodeship). The installation is to consist of 53 turbines with a rated capacity of 3.6 MW each and a height of 134 m, giving a target capacity of approximately 190 MW. Once completed, it is to be the largest wind investment of the TAURON Group and the second-largest onshore wind farm in Poland. The project was purchased in 2024, and its completion was scheduled for the second half of 2027. By August 2025 the foundations for all 53 turbines had been poured.
Significance: The target capacity of approximately 190 MW from 53 turbines is to cover the demand of nearly 200 thousand households and make the farm the largest wind investment of the TAURON Group as well as the second-largest onshore wind farm in Poland after Potęgowo. The investment significantly increases national onshore wind generation capacity and shifts the balance of the state-owned group's renewables portfolio toward wind power.
Sources:
  - TAURON wybuduje swoją największą farmę wiatrową (TAURON Polska Energia (biuro prasowe), 2024-09-24): https://media.tauron.pl/pr/841057/tauron-wybuduje-swoja-najwieksza-farme-wiatrowa
  - Miejska Górka - TAURON Zielona Energia (TAURON Zielona Energia): https://tze.tauron.pl/farmy-wiatrowe-w-budowie/miejska-gorka
  - Tauron kupił projekt farmy wiatrowej Miejska Górka o mocy docelowej ok. 190 MW (Biznes PAP, 2024-09-24): https://biznes.pap.pl/wiadomosci/firmy/tauron-kupil-projekt-farmy-wiatrowej-miejska-gorka-o-mocy-docelowej-ok-190-mw
  - TAURON buduje jedną z największych farm wiatrowych w Polsce. Fundamenty dla 53 turbin są już gotowe (TAURON Polska Energia (biuro prasowe), 2025-08-27): https://media.tauron.pl/pr/856891/tauron-buduje-jedna-z-najwiekszych-farm-wiatrowych-w-polsce-fundamenty-dla-53-turbin-sa-juz-gotowe

## Potęgowo Wind Farm
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/farma-wiatrowa-potegowo
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 1.3 bn PLN | Investor: Potęgowo Mashav Sp. z o.o. (fundusz Mashav)
Timeline: delivered 2023-03
Description: The largest onshore wind farm in Poland, spread across the border of the Pomorskie and Zachodniopomorskie voivodeships, approximately 9 km from the Baltic shore. In the first stage, 81 General Electric turbines with a combined capacity of 219 MW were commissioned; after a further expansion, completed in March 2023, the complex grew to 98 turbines and approximately 257 MW of installed capacity. The investor is Potęgowo Mashav, owned by the Israeli fund Mashav; the construction was co-financed by, among others, the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development.
Significance: With a capacity on the order of 257 MW, the complex is the largest onshore wind installation in the country and one of the larger facilities of its kind in Europe, significantly increasing the national potential for generating energy from onshore wind. The farm surpassed the previous leader — the Margonin farm (approximately 120 MW) — in capacity and became a benchmark for the scale of onshore wind power in Poland.
Sources:
  - Powstała największa farma wiatrowa w Polsce (Gramwzielone.pl, 2019): https://www.gramwzielone.pl/energia-wiatrowa/104327/powstala-najwieksza-farma-wiatrowa-w-polsce
  - The Potęgowo Project (Mashav Energia): https://mashavenergia.com/en/the-potegowo-project/
  - Na Pomorzu powstała największa farma wiatrowa w Polsce (BiznesAlert.pl, 2020-12-03): https://biznesalert.pl/pomorze-farma-wiatrowa-polska-ure-zachodniopomorskiem-potegowo-energetyka-oze/

## Mieczysław Karłowicz Philharmonic in Szczecin
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/filharmonia-szczecin
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 119 mln PLN | Investor: Miasto Szczecin (Urząd Miasta Szczecin)
Timeline: started 2011-04, delivered 2014-09-05
Outcome: delivered
Description: The new building of the Mieczysław Karłowicz Philharmonic in Szczecin at ul. Małopolska 48, erected according to a design by the Barcelona studio Estudio Barozzi Veiga (Fabrizio Barozzi, Alberto Veiga), selected from among 44 entries in a 2007 competition. Construction of the new building began in April 2011, and the works were completed in spring 2014; the inauguration of the institution's activity in its new premises took place on 5 September 2014. The cost of the investment was given as PLN 118,918,000, of which PLN 45 million was a contribution from the Regional Operational Programme of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship, with the remainder coming from the city budget. The owner of the facility is the City of Szczecin. The building houses a symphony hall with 953 seats and a chamber hall for 192 spectators. The general contractor was Warbud S.A.
Significance: The Szczecin Philharmonic was the first building from Poland to receive the European Union Mies van der Rohe Award for contemporary architecture — the result of the competition was announced on 8 May 2015. Commissioned in 2014, the facility gained worldwide renown and became a recognizable architectural icon of the city, hosting musical events over the following decade of activity. The project combined financing from the Regional Operational Programme of the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship with the city budget.
Sources:
  - Filharmonia im. Mieczysława Karłowicza w Szczecinie (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filharmonia_im._Mieczys%C5%82awa_Kar%C5%82owicza_w_Szczecinie
  - Filharmonia szczecińska. Ikona architektury i technika (Murator Plus): https://www.muratorplus.pl/inwestycje/inwestycje-publiczne/filharmonia-szczecinska-ikona-architektury-i-technika-aa-HH3i-QBw3-TDEW.html
  - Najważniejsza nagroda architektoniczna dla Filharmonii (Filharmonia im. Mieczysława Karłowicza w Szczecinie, 2015-05-08): https://filharmonia.szczecin.pl/news/105-Najwazniejsza_nagroda_architektoniczna_dla_Filharmonii
  - Filharmonia szczecińska kończy 10 lat. Światową sławę zawdzięcza Hiszpanom (Rzeczpospolita (sukces.rp.pl), 2024-09-02): https://sukces.rp.pl/architektura/art41061001-filharmonia-szczecinska-konczy-10-lat-swiatowa-slawe-zawdziecza-hiszpanom

## Formation and Infrastructure of the 1st Legions Infantry Division
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/formowanie-i-infrastruktura-1-dywizji-piechoty-legionow
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): n/a | Investor: Ministerstwo Obrony Narodowej (MON)
Timeline: announced 2022-09, started 2023-01
Description: The formation of the fifth tactical formation of the Polish Armed Forces — the 1st Marshal Józef Piłsudski Legions Infantry Division — together with the expansion of its accompanying barracks infrastructure in the north-eastern part of the country. The decision to appoint a Ministry of National Defence plenipotentiary for the division's formation was taken by the Minister of National Defence in September 2022, and the concept for the formation, prepared by Gen. Norbert Iwanowski, was presented publicly on 9 January 2023 in Białystok. The division's command and staff were located in Ciechanów, where a separate garrison has been operating since February 2026. The new formation includes, among others, the 2nd Legions Motorized Brigade and the 2nd Legions Armoured Brigade and operates primarily in the area of the Podlaskie Voivodeship, between the areas of responsibility of the 16th and 18th Mechanized Divisions. In parallel with the formation of the subunits, infrastructure is being built — from temporary container camps (including Kolno, Wojewodzin, Czartajew, Białystok, Czerwony Bór) to permanent target infrastructure.
Significance: The fifth tactical formation in the land forces of the Polish Armed Forces, strengthening the defensive potential of the country's eastern flank at the junction of the Podlaskie, Warmińsko-Mazurskie and Mazowieckie voivodeships. The creation of the separate Ciechanów garrison and the expansion of the network of camps and barracks create a lasting logistical and training base for the new brigades and equipment, while at the same time increasing the density of the military presence toward the border with the Kaliningrad Oblast and Belarus.
Sources:
  - Ruszyło formowanie nowej dywizji Wojska Polskiego - 1. Dywizji Piechoty Legionów (Ministerstwo Obrony Narodowej (gov.pl), 2023-01): https://www.gov.pl/web/obrona-narodowa/ruszylo-formowanie-nowej-dywizji-wojska-polskiego---1-dywizji-piechoty-legionow
  - Nowa dywizja - 1. Dywizja Piechoty Legionów (Ministerstwo Obrony Narodowej (gov.pl), 2025-01-14): https://www.gov.pl/web/obrona-narodowa/nowa-dywizja---1-dywizja-piechoty-legionow
  - Powstaje Garnizon Ciechanów. Zmiany od lutego 2026 (Ciechanów Co Za Dzień, 2026-01-26): https://ciechanow.cozadzien.pl/artykul/17355,nowy-garnizon-wojskowy-wojsko-polskie-zmienia-strukture-na-polnocnym-mazowszu
  - 1 Dywizja Piechoty Legionów rośnie w siłę (Defence24): https://defence24.pl/sily-zbrojne/1-dywizja-piechoty-legionow-rosnie-w-sile

## Miecznik Frigates (Arrowhead 140 type) — PGZ Stocznia Wojenna Gdynia
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/fregaty-miecznik-arrowhead-140-pgz-stocznia-gdynia
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 15.0 bn PLN | Investor: PGZ Stocznia Wojenna Sp. z o.o.
Timeline: announced 2021-07-27, started 2024-01-31, planned 2031
Description: A programme to build in Poland three modern multi-role frigates of project 106 (codename Miecznik) for the Polish Navy, based on the British Arrowhead 140 design by Babcock International. The ships — the future ORP Wicher, ORP Burza and ORP Huragan — are being built at the Gdynia-based PGZ Stocznia Wojenna, the technical leader of the PGZ-MIECZNIK consortium. Each vessel is approximately 138 m long with a maximum displacement of approximately 7,000 t. The construction also involved the largest investment programme in the shipyard's more than one-hundred-year history in halls, machinery and equipment. As of July 2026, all three frigates are under construction: the hull of the first (Wicher) is in advanced assembly, and work has already begun on the last (Huragan).
Significance: Miecznik is the most important post-war combat shipbuilding programme in Poland — three multi-role frigates are to replace worn-out vessels and become the backbone of the Polish Navy's combat capabilities in the Baltic. Building the vessels at the Gdynia-based PGZ Stocznia Wojenna, together with the transfer of technology from Babcock International and the largest investment programme in the shipyard's history, rebuilds national competencies in the design and production of large surface ships and maintains jobs in the Polish shipbuilding and armaments industry.
Sources:
  - Miecznik - multipurpose frigates for the Polish Navy (PGZ Stocznia Wojenna): https://pgzsw.com.pl/en/offer/miecznik-eng/
  - Poland cuts steel for the third and final Miecznik frigate (Naval News, 2026-04-29): https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2026/04/poland-cuts-steel-for-the-third-and-final-miecznik-frigate/
  - Wodowanie pierwszej fregaty w programie Miecznik. PGZ podala termin (Polska Agencja Prasowa, 2025): https://www.pap.pl/aktualnosci/kielce-pgz-zapowiada-wodowanie-pierwszej-fregaty-w-programie-miecznik-w-przyszlym-roku
  - Miecznik frigates design and construction contract for Polish Navy annexed (PGZ Stocznia Wojenna): https://pgzsw.com.pl/en/news/miecznik-frigates-design-and-construction-contract-for-polish-navy-annexed/
  - Poland lays keel of first Miecznik-class frigate (Naval News, 2024-02): https://www.navalnews.com/naval-news/2024/02/poland-lays-keel-of-first-miecznik-class-frigate/
  - Aneks do umowy na Mieczniki - wszystkie fregaty dozbrojone (ZBiAM): https://zbiam.pl/aneks-do-umowy-na-mieczniki-wszystkie-fregaty-dozbrojone/

## Gustorzyn–Wronów Gas Pipeline
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/gazociag-gustorzyn-wronow
Status: completed | Stage: commissioning | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): n/a | Investor: Operator Gazociągów Przesyłowych GAZ-SYSTEM S.A.
Timeline: announced 2021, started 2022, delivered 2023-10-04
Outcome: delivered
Description: A national transmission gas pipeline approximately 308 km long, with a diameter of 1000 mm and a maximum operating pressure of 8.4 MPa, built by GAZ-SYSTEM and connecting the gas compressor station in Gustorzyn with the compressor station in Wronów. The investment was carried out in three stages: Gustorzyn–Leśniewice (54 km), Leśniewice–Rawa Mazowiecka (100 km) and Rawa Mazowiecka–Wronów (154 km), with its route running through four voivodeships: Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Mazowieckie, Łódzkie and Lubelskie. Construction works began in early 2022, and the official completion of construction took place on 4 October 2023; the handover of the entire pipeline for operation was scheduled for the end of 2023. The project received more than PLN 700 million in EU funding from the Operational Programme Infrastructure and Environment as well as REACT-EU support.
Significance: The pipeline connects the gas compressor stations in Gustorzyn and Wronów over approximately 308 km, running through four voivodeships (Kujawsko-Pomorskie, Mazowieckie, Łódzkie and Lubelskie). It increases access for central and eastern Poland to a stable source of gas, raises the flexibility of the national transmission system and enables the connection of further customers to the GAZ-SYSTEM network, forming part of the expansion of transmission infrastructure in the central part of the country.
Sources:
  - GAZ-SYSTEM zakończył budowę gazociągu Gustorzyn-Wronów (GAZ-SYSTEM S.A., 2023-10-04): https://www.gaz-system.pl/pl/dla-mediow/komunikaty-prasowe/2023/pazdziernik/04-10-2023-gaz-system-zakonczyl-budowe-gazociagu-gustorzyn-wronow.html
  - Zakończono budowę gazociągu Gustorzyn – Wronów (NBI (Nowoczesne Budownictwo Inżynieryjne), 2023-10): https://nbi.com.pl/wiadomosci/zakonczono-budowe-gazociagu-gustorzyn-wronow/
  - Ponad 300 km gazociągu Gustorzyn-Wronów – gotowe! (Ministerstwo Funduszy i Polityki Regionalnej, 2023): https://funduszeunijne.gov.pl/strony/wiadomosci/ponad-300-km-gazociagu-gustorzyn-wronow-gotowe/
  - Gazociąg Gustorzyn-Wronów – I ETAP Gustorzyn-Leśniewice (Mapa Dotacji UE / Ministerstwo Funduszy i Polityki Regionalnej): https://mapadotacji.gov.pl/projekty/1486974/?lang=pl
  - Gazociąg Gustorzyn-Wronów – budowa odcinka Leśniewice-Wronów (Mapa Dotacji UE / Ministerstwo Funduszy i Polityki Regionalnej): https://mapadotacji.gov.pl/projekty/1532953/?lang=pl
  - Ponad 300 km gazociągu Gustorzyn-Wronów – gotowe! (Ministerstwo Funduszy i Polityki Regionalnej (POIiŚ), 2023): https://www.pois.gov.pl/strony/wiadomosci/ponad-300-km-gazociagu-gustorzyn-wronow-gotowe/

## Yamal–Europe gas pipeline — Polish section (Line I)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/gazociag-jamal-europa-polski-odcinek
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): n/a | Investor: Europol Gaz S.A. (spółka PGNiG/PKN Orlen, Gazprom i Gas-Trading)
Timeline: announced 1993-08-25, delivered 1999-09-23
Outcome: delivered
Description: The Polish section of the Yamal–Europe transit gas pipeline, running from the village of Kondratki on the border with Belarus to the vicinity of the village of Górzyca near the border with Germany, with a length of 684 km. Construction was preceded by the "Agreement between the Government of the Republic of Poland and the Government of the Russian Federation on the construction of a gas pipeline system for the transit of Russian gas across the territory of the Republic of Poland and gas supplies to the Republic of Poland," signed on 25 August 1993. The company Europol Gaz S.A. was established to build and operate the pipeline (shareholders: PGNiG/PKN Orlen 48%, Gazprom 48%, Gas-Trading 4%). In September 1999, Europol Gaz S.A. completed construction of the entire first line of the pipeline on Polish territory — the final, so-called golden weld was made on 23 September 1999. Five compressor stations operate along the route (Kondratki, Zambrów, Ciechanów, Włocławek, Szamotuły), and the pipeline's capacity was 32.96 billion m³ per year.
Significance: The Yamal–Europe pipeline is one of the largest energy infrastructure investments completed in Poland after 1989 and the main corridor for the transit of Russian natural gas across the country, established on the basis of the 1993 Polish–Russian intergovernmental agreement. The main line, 684 km long with a capacity of nearly 33 billion m³ per year and five compressor stations, played a key role for years in the transit of gas to Western Europe as well as in supplies to Poland. Since 2022, no Russian gas has been transmitted through the pipeline; the transmission infrastructure on Polish territory has been operated by Gaz-System since 2010.
Sources:
  - Gazociąg Jamał-Europa (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazoci%C4%85g_Jama%C5%82-Europa
  - Kontrakt jamalski (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kontrakt_jamalski

## Poland–Lithuania Gas Interconnection (GIPL)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/gazociag-polska-litwa-gipl
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 2.4 bn PLN | Investor: Gaz-System S.A.
Timeline: announced 2015-10-15, started 2020, planned 2022-05, delivered 2022-05-01
Outcome: delivered, delayed
Description: A cross-border gas pipeline (interconnector) linking the Polish and Lithuanian transmission systems, delivered jointly by Gaz-System and the Lithuanian operator Amber Grid. The connection, more than 500 km long, runs from the Hołowczyce compressor station in Poland to the Jauniūnai compressor station in Lithuania, through the Podlaskie, Warmińsko-Mazurskie and Mazowieckie Voivodeships. The trilateral co-financing agreement was signed in 2015, construction was carried out in 2020–2022, and commercial gas transmission began on 1 May 2022; the ceremonial opening, attended by the presidents of Poland and Lithuania, took place on 5 May 2022. The pipeline was to reach full capacity in October 2022. Capacity toward Lithuania is approx. 2.4 billion m³/year, and toward Poland approx. 1.9 billion m³/year. The total cost of the project was approx. EUR 558 million, of which EUR 295.4 million was support from European Union funds.
Significance: The interconnector completed the link between the Polish and Lithuanian gas systems, forming a key element of the BEMIP plan and a concrete step toward ending the energy isolation of the Baltic states from the EU gas market. It enables bidirectional gas transmission between Poland and Lithuania (up to approx. 2.4 billion m³/year toward Lithuania and approx. 1.9 billion m³/year toward Poland), increasing supply diversification and energy security in the Baltic Sea region.
Sources:
  - GAZ-SYSTEM: Nowy Interkonektor gazowy Polska-Litwa od 1 maja przesyła gaz do Polski (Gaz-System S.A., 2022-05-05): https://www.gaz-system.pl/pl/dla-mediow/komunikaty-prasowe/2022/maj/05-05-2022-gaz-system-nowy-interkonektor-gazowy-polska-litwa-od-1-maja-przesyla-gaz-do-polski.html
  - Polsko-litewski gazociąg GIPL oficjalnie otwarty (Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska, 2022-05-05): https://www.gov.pl/web/klimat/polsko-litewski-gazociag-gipl-oficjalnie-otwarty
  - Gazociąg Polska-Litwa (Wikipedia): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gazoci%C4%85g_Polska-Litwa
  - Polska łączy się z Litwą. Uroczyste otwarcie gazociągu GIPL (Money.pl, 2022-05-05): https://www.money.pl/gielda/polska-laczy-sie-z-litwa-uroczyste-otwarcie-gazociagu-gipl-6765470929885984a.html
  - In 2024, Amber Grid continued its commitment to reliable and efficient gas transmission (AB Amber Grid, 2025): https://ambergrid.lt/en/for-media/news/in-2024-amber-grid-continued-its-commitment-to-reliable-and-efficient-gas-transmission/1146
  - Gas Interconnection Poland–Lithuania (Wikipedia): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_Interconnection_Poland%E2%80%93Lithuania

## LG Energy Solution Wrocław battery gigafactory (Biskupice Podgórne) — expansions
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/gigafabryka-baterii-lg-energy-solution-wroclaw-biskupice-pod
Status: under construction | Stage: commissioning | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 13.8 bn PLN | Investor: LG Energy Solution Wrocław
Timeline: started 2016
Description: The European Union's largest gigafactory for lithium-ion cells for electric vehicles, operated by LG Energy Solution Wrocław in Biskupice Podgórne near Wrocław, ultimately with a production capacity of around 100 GWh. The facility is being progressively expanded: alongside the automotive cell lines, new lines are being launched for the production of energy storage systems (ESS) based on lithium iron phosphate (LFP) cells, the first of which are due to start in the second half of 2025. The plant is the manufacturer and supplier of cells for PGE's large-scale energy storage facility in Żarnowiec (approx. 981 MWh).
Significance: The EU's largest factory for lithium-ion cells for electric vehicles, employing 9,500 people, with a target production capacity of about 100 GWh. The expansion with LFP cell lines and ESS systems strengthens the European energy storage supply chain — the plant supplies cells for PGE's energy storage facility in Żarnowiec with a capacity of about 981 MWh, a key element of Poland's energy transition.
Sources:
  - 5 years of LG Energy Solution Wrocław — the largest investment in the region (Invest in Wrocław): https://invest-in-wroclaw.pl/5-years-of-lg-energy-solution-wroclaw-the-largest-investment-in-the-region
  - EIB signs €480m loan deal with LG Chem Wroclaw Energy (World Construction Network, 2020-04): https://www.worldconstructionnetwork.com/news/eib-signs-480m-loan-deal-with-lg-chem-wroclaw-energy/
  - LG Energy Solution Wrocław rozpoczyna budowę Magazynu Energii Żarnowiec (LG Energy Solution, 2025-03): https://lgensol.pl/lg-energy-solution-wroclaw-rozpoczyna-budowe-magazynu-energii-zarnowiec-kluczowej-inwestycji-dla-transformacji-energetycznej-polski/
  - LG Energy Solution Wrocław kluczowy dla europejskiego sektora magazynowania energii ESS (Wrocław.pl, 2025-05-14): https://www.wroclaw.pl/przedsiebiorczy-wroclaw/lg-energy-solution-wroclaw-kluczowy-dla-europejskiego-sektora-magazynowania-energii-ess
  - LG Energy Solution Secures Grid-scale ESS Supply Agreement in Europe with Poland's PGE (LG Energy Solution): https://news.lgensol.com/company-news/press-releases/3748/

## Głogów Głęboki-Przemysłowy (deposit access program, shafts GG-1/GG-2/Retków)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/glogow-gleboki-przemyslowy-program-udostepnienia-zloza-szyby
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 9.0 bn PLN | Investor: KGHM Polska Miedź S.A.
Timeline: n/a
Description: The deposit access program in the Głogów Głęboki-Przemysłowy (GG-P) mining area comprises the construction of new KGHM Polska Miedź mining shafts: the GG-1 ventilation shaft in Kwielice (Grębocice commune) and the priority downcast shafts serving material-handling and personnel-descent functions — GG-2 (Odra) in the Słone area (Żukowice commune), Retków (Grębocice commune) and Gaworzyce. The GG-P deposit holds nearly 227 million tonnes of copper ore with an average grade of about 2.48% Cu, lying at depths reaching about 1,385 m, corresponding to roughly one-fifth of KGHM's copper reserves in Polish concession areas. The GG-1 shaft reached a depth of 1,348 m and in 2023 connected with the workings of the ZG Rudna mine, with completion of its surface works expected in 2029. KGHM estimates the total outlay for the three priority shafts (GG-2 Odra, Retków and Gaworzyce) at PLN 7.5–9 billion. It is the largest deposit-access investment in European non-ferrous metal ore mining.
Significance: Access to the GG-P deposit is crucial for maintaining and increasing domestic copper output. In the peak production period (estimated at 2028–2035), the area is to deliver 10–11 million tonnes of ore and about 200,000–220,000 tonnes of electrolytic copper per year and sustain the planned production level for 20–30 years. The new shafts provide access to the deepest, industrial portions of the deposit, underpinning Poland's long-term raw-material security and the maintenance of jobs in the Copper Basin in Lower Silesia.
Sources:
  - Deep Głogów (KGHM Polska Miedź S.A.): https://kghm.com/en/our-business/projects-under-development/deep-glogow
  - KGHM wyda miliardy na nowe szyby górnicze (Parkiet, 2025-03-20): https://www.parkiet.com/surowce-i-paliwa/art41968811-kghm-wyda-miliardy-na-nowe-szyby-gornicze
  - Stopniowo rośnie wydobycie KGHM-u z kluczowego obszaru górniczego (Parkiet, 2026-03-05): https://www.parkiet.com/surowce-i-paliwa/art43909611-stopniowo-rosnie-wydobycie-kghm-u-z-kluczowego-obszaru-gorniczego
  - KGHM wybuduje trzy nowe szyby koło Głogowa. W Słonem już powstaje (MyGłogów, 2024-11-19): https://myglogow.pl/pl/11_dzieje-sie/162526_kghm-wybuduje-trzy-nowe-szyby-kolo-glogowa.html
  - GG-1 shaft (Głogów Głęboki-Przemysłowy mine), Kwielice, Gmina Grębocice, Polkowice County, Lower Silesian Voivodeship, Poland (Mindat.org): https://www.mindat.org/loc-309953.html

## Harmony Link (Poland–Lithuania electricity interconnection)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/harmony-link
Status: planned | Stage: permits | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 3.0 bn PLN | Investor: PSE (Polskie Sieci Elektroenergetyczne) / Litgrid
Timeline: announced 2018-12-21, planned 2030
Outcome: delayed
Description: The second cross-border electricity interconnection between Poland and Lithuania, delivered jointly by the transmission system operators PSE and Litgrid. Originally approved in May 2021 as a 700 MW submarine HVDC cable (cost approx. EUR 700 million with a CEF grant of over EUR 500 million, completion planned for 2025). The tenders for the offshore variant were cancelled in April 2023 due to a sharp rise in costs, and in late 2023 the operators agreed on an onshore variant. In its current form, on the Polish side an underground 220 kV cable line, Ełk Bis–Polish border, approx. 100 km long, is being built, running through six communes in the Warmińsko-Mazurskie and Podlaskie Voivodeships, together with two new substations — Norki in the Kalinowo commune and Wigry in the Suwałki commune — and modernization of the existing 220 kV Ostrołęka–Ełk Bis line; on the Lithuanian side the connection reaches the new Gižai substation. Construction is planned for 2026–2030, with the connection to be commissioned by the end of 2030.
Significance: A key element of synchronizing the Baltic states' power systems with the continental European grid and the second cross-border connection between Poland and Lithuania. It will increase energy exchange capacity and security of supply in the region; on the Polish side it means expansion of the transmission grid in Masuria and the Suwałki region (new Norki and Wigry substations, modernization of the Ostrołęka–Ełk Bis line).
Sources:
  - PSE i Litgrid zatwierdziły decyzje inwestycyjne dla Harmony Link (Polskie Sieci Elektroenergetyczne, 2021-05-31): https://www.pse.pl/-/pse-i-litgrid-zatwierdzily-decyzje-inwestycyjne-dla-harmony-link
  - PSE and Litgrid signed cooperation agreement to build Harmony Link interconnector as overland line (Polskie Sieci Elektroenergetyczne, 2024-07-15): https://www.pse.pl/web/pse-eng/-/pse-and-litgrid-signed-cooperation-agreement-to-build-harmony-link-interconnector-as-overland-line
  - PSE i Litgrid będą współpracować przy realizacji Harmony Link jako połączenia lądowego (Polskie Sieci Elektroenergetyczne (inwestycje.pse.pl)): https://inwestycje.pse.pl/pse-i-litgrid-beda-wspolpracowac-przy-realizacji-harmony-link-jako-polaczenia-ladowego/
  - Litgrid started spatial planning for Harmony Link overland interconnector (BalticWind.EU, 2024-08-19): https://balticwind.eu/litgrid-started-spatial-planning-for-harmony-link-overland-interconnector/
  - Harmony Link: morze czy ląd — operatorzy rozważają nowy wariant połączenia (BiznesAlert.pl, 2023-11-15): https://biznesalert.pl/harmony-link-morze-lad-decyzja-2024-energetyka-most-energetyczny/
  - Zamiast kabla podmorskiego będzie naziemne połączenie elektroenergetyczne między Litwą i Polską (PortalMorski.pl, 2023-12-21): https://www.portalmorski.pl/offshore/54717-zamiast-kabla-podmorskiego-bedzie-naziemne-polaczenie-elektroenergetyczne-miedzy-litwa-i-polska
  - Harmony Link (Wikipedia (EN)): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmony_Link
  - Za ok. 3 mld zł powstanie nowa, strategiczna podziemna sieć energetyczna do granicy z Litwą (investmap.pl, 2026-02-09): https://investmap.pl/za-ok-3-mld-zl-powstanie-nowa-strategiczna-podziemna-siec-energetyczna-do-granicy-z-litwa.a316221
  - PSE: w 2030 roku powstanie nowa podziemna sieć energetyczna do granicy z Litwą (wnp.pl, 2026-01-29): https://www.wnp.pl/energia/energetyka/pse-w-2030-roku-powstanie-nowa-podziemna-siec-energetyczna-do-granicy-z-litwa,1027309.html

## Hydrogen Eagle – ORLEN Group hydrogen program
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/hydrogen-eagle-program-wodorowy-orlen
Status: under construction | Stage: tender | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 7.4 bn PLN | Investor: ORLEN S.A.
Timeline: announced 2021, planned 2035
Description: Hydrogen Eagle is a strategic, multinational hydrogen program of the ORLEN Group announced in 2021, forming part of the company's hydrogen strategy with planned capital expenditure (capex) on the order of PLN 7.4 billion. The program provides for the construction of a network of hydrogen hubs powered by renewables and installations converting municipal waste into low- and zero-emission hydrogen in Poland, the Czech Republic and Slovakia, together with a network of over 100 hydrogen refueling stations in Central Europe by 2030. The Group's target electrolyzer capacity is to reach approx. 0.9 GW by 2035 (of which approx. 0.7 GW in Poland). In June 2025, the Green H2 and Hydrogen Eagle programs together received over PLN 1.7 billion in non-repayable funding from the National Recovery Plan (KPO), including for the installation of a 100 MW electrolyzer. The scope and pace of the program are repeatedly revised — it is an umbrella entry for the entirety of the company's hydrogen activities, not a single investment.
Significance: The program aims to build a domestic value chain for low- and zero-emission hydrogen, supporting the decarbonization of heavy and public transport as well as the refining industry. Expanding electrolyzer capacity and the refueling station network increases energy security and reduces dependence on fossil fuels, while the planned use of energy from offshore wind farms and municipal waste aligns with EU climate goals. Implementation, however, remains dependent on the availability of cheap renewable energy and the maturity of the hydrogen market, and the declared scope and schedule are repeatedly revised.
Sources:
  - Ponad 1,7 mld zł z KPO na projekty wodorowe Grupy ORLEN (ORLEN S.A., 2025-06): https://www.orlen.pl/pl/o-firmie/media/komunikaty-prasowe/biezace/2025/czerwiec-2025/Ponad-17-mld-zl-z-KPO-na-projekty-wodorowe-Grupy-ORLEN
  - ORLEN Group secures over PLN 1.7 billion in National Recovery Plan funding for its hydrogen projects (ORLEN S.A., 2025-06): http://www.orlen.pl/en/about-the-company/media/press-releases/current/2025/june-2025/ORLEN-Group-secures-over-PLN-17-billion-in-National-Recovery-Plan-funding-for-its-hydrogen-projects-
  - PKN Orlen chce utworzyć 10 hubów wodorowych w ramach strategii wodorowej do 2030 (StockWatch.pl): https://www.stockwatch.pl/wiadomosci/pkn-orlen-chce-utworzyc-10-hubow-wodorowych-w-ramach-strategii-wodorowej-do-2030,akcje,294505
  - Setki mln euro w „Hydrogen Eagle”. Orlen inwestuje w wodór dla przemysłu, transportu i paliw (Teraz Środowisko): https://www.teraz-srodowisko.pl/aktualnosci/orlen-polska-strategia-wodorowa-hydrogen-eagle-wloclawek-laboratorium-norma-iso-stacje-ladowania-biopaliwa-16000.html
  - Orlen plans 250MW of green hydrogen plants under Hydrogen Eagle (NS Energy, 2021-06): https://www.nsenergybusiness.com/news/orlen-hydrogen-plants-hydrogen-eagle/
  - Torpol zbuduje hub wodorowy dla Orlenu w Szczecinie. Kontrakt wart 75 mln zł netto (StockWatch.pl, 2026-05): https://www.stockwatch.pl/wiadomosci/torpol-orlen-hub-wodorowy-szczecin-kontrakt,akcje,372079

## HyperPIC — VIGO Photonics photonic integrated circuit factory
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/hyperpic-fabryka-fotonicznych-ukladow-scalonych-vigo-photoni
Status: under construction | Stage: announced | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 1.0 bn PLN | Investor: VIGO Photonics S.A.
Timeline: announced 2023, planned 2030
Description: HyperPIC (full name: "Photonic integrated circuits for mid-infrared applications") is a flagship Polish project to build domestic capacity for the production of photonic integrated circuits, carried out by the GPW-listed company VIGO Photonics from Ożarów Mazowiecki near Warsaw. Through the project, VIGO is to become the world's first manufacturer of photonic integrated circuits for the mid-infrared (MIRPIC). The project received funding from NCBR under the European Funds for a Modern Economy (FENG) and the IPCEI Microelectronics/Communication Technologies mechanism in the amount of approx. PLN 453.7 million, with eligible costs of approx. PLN 878.6 million. Construction of the new plant, estimated at approx. one billion zlotys, is to begin in early 2027, with the start of series production planned for after 2029. The entire undertaking is scheduled for 2023–2030.
Significance: The project aims to build in Poland the world's first production chain for photonic integrated circuits for the mid-infrared (MIRPIC), strengthening domestic and European competencies in microelectronics and semiconductors under IPCEI. VIGO Photonics plans to expand its team from the current more than 200 to approx. 450–500 employees by 2030, creating about 300 new, highly specialized jobs, and the technology is to find application in many industrial sectors and consumer electronics.
Sources:
  - Projekt spółki Vigo Photonics HyperPIC otrzymał 440 mln zł dofinansowania z NCBR (Bankier.pl, 2024-05-29): https://www.bankier.pl/wiadomosc/Projekt-spolki-Vigo-Photonics-HyperPIC-otrzymal-440-mln-zl-dofinansowania-z-NCBR-8769258.html
  - Vigo Photonics, czyli polska inwestycja w półprzewodniki. Będzie fabryka (Forbes.pl, 2025-04-17): https://www.forbes.pl/biznes/vigo-photonics-czyli-polska-inwestycja-w-polprzewodniki-bedzie-fabryka/22bz08m
  - Projekt VIGO Photonics HyperPic został wybrany do dofinansowania w ramach FENG (VIGO Photonics (materiał oficjalny), 2024): https://vigophotonics.com/pl/projekt-vigo-photonics-hyperpic-zostal-wybrany-do-dofinansowania-w-ramach-feng/
  - Vigo zainwestuje miliard w nową fabrykę chipów w Polsce (Evertiq, 2025-04-17): https://evertiq.pl/news/2025-04-17-vigo-zainwestuje-miliard-w-nowa-fabryke-chipow-w-polsce
  - VIGO Photonics zainwestuje ok. miliard złotych w nową fabrykę chipów w Polsce (Investmap.pl, 2025-04-17): https://investmap.pl/vigo-photonics-zainwestuje-ok-miliard-zlotych-w-nowa-fabryke-chipow-w-polsce.a312867

## Warsaw Metro Line III — Stage I (Praga-Południe, Stadion Narodowy – Gocław)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/iii-linia-metra-w-warszawie-etap-i-praga-poludnie-stadion-na
Status: planned | Stage: permits | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 6.0 bn PLN | Investor: Metro Warszawskie
Timeline: planned 2032
Description: The first section of Warsaw's third metro line (M3), the so-called Praga section, is to connect the existing Stadion Narodowy station with Gocław in Praga-Południe. The planned route comprises seven stations (Stadion Narodowy plus six new ones: Dworzec Wschodni, Mińska, Rondo Wiatraczna, Ostrobramska, Jana Nowaka-Jeziorańskiego, Gocław) and is approx. 8.1 km long. In March 2024, a contract for design work was signed, which is to be completed in 2027; the city announces a tender for the contractor in 2027, the start of construction in 2028 and completion in 2032. Implementation depends on securing EU or government funding.
Significance: The Praga section of the M3 is intended to improve transport accessibility of the densely populated Praga-Południe, including the Gocław area, which has so far lacked rapid rail transport. According to the city's declarations, a metro journey from Gocław to the center (Świętokrzyska station) is to take approx. 17 minutes, shortening travel time and relieving the existing tram and bus network.
Sources:
  - 3. linia metra. Warszawa tworzy projekt i zbada wpływ na środowisko (Murator Plus): https://www.muratorplus.pl/inwestycje/inwestycje-publiczne/3-linia-metra-warszawa-kiedy-budowa-iii-linii-metra-warszawskiego-trwa-projektowanie-m3-na-goclaw-aa-iVNS-YREX-6d6H.html
  - Start budowy 3. linii metra w Warszawie już w 2028 (Architektura Murator Plus): https://architektura.muratorplus.pl/projekty/start-budowy-3-linii-metra-w-warszawie-juz-w-2028-ma-dowiezc-do-centrum-w-ok-17-minut-aa-5yFx-eSc9-ZUTd.html
  - Linia M3 metra w Warszawie (Wikipedia): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linia_M3_metra_w_Warszawie
  - Linia M3 - aktualności (Metro Warszawskie): https://metro.waw.pl/metro-warszawskie/linia-m3/aktualnosci-m3/

## F-35A base infrastructure at Świdwin (21st Tactical Air Base)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/infrastruktura-bazy-f-35-swidwin-21blt
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 2.5 bn PLN | Investor: Ministerstwo Obrony Narodowej
Timeline: planned 2026
Description: A comprehensive reconstruction of the 21st Tactical Air Base at Świdwin (Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship), preparing the airfield to host a squadron of 5th-generation F-35A fighters. The scope includes modernization of the runway and taxiways, aircraft parking aprons, the construction of hangars, QRA infrastructure (quick reaction alert crew building), and accompanying facilities. According to Polska Zbrojna, the general overhaul of the base — which also serves an FA-50PL squadron and a search-and-rescue group — is expected to cost approximately PLN 2.5 billion. Most of the facilities are to be commissioned from spring to autumn 2026. This record covers only the base infrastructure, not the purchase of the F-35 aircraft themselves.
Significance: The modernization gives Polish aviation a second base — alongside Łask — capable of receiving F-35A fighters, strengthening air defense on the north-western axis. The investment is one of the largest airfield infrastructure expansion programs of the Polish Armed Forces, engaging numerous contractors (including PORR, Erbud, Mirbud) on behalf of AMW Sinevia.
Sources:
  - Nie tylko Lockheed Martin zarobi na F-35 dla Polski. Firmy budowlane zacierają ręce (WNP.pl, 2025-03-07): https://www.wnp.pl/budownictwo/nie-tylko-lockheed-martin-zarobi-na-f-35-dla-polski-firmy-budowlane-zacieraja-rece,921327.html
  - Duże lotniska, duże pieniądze (Polska Zbrojna, 2025-04-08): https://www.polska-zbrojna.pl/home/articleshow/43602?t=Duze-lotniska-duze-pieniadze
  - Zachodniopomorskie. Rusza budowa hangarów dla myśliwców F-35 (Urbanity.pl, 2024-10): https://www.urbanity.pl/zachodniopomorskie/swidwinski/swidwin/zachodniopomorskie-rusza-budowa-hangarow-dla-mysliwcow-f-35,w24999
  - Budowa hangarów dla F-35 w Świdwinie: harmonogram i szczegóły (Biznes Wprost): https://biznes.wprost.pl/technologie/wojsko/11827752/budowa-hangarow-dla-f-35-w-swidwinie-harmonogram-i-szczegoly.html

## HVO plant in Płock (hydrotreatment of vegetable oils)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/instalacja-hvo-w-plocku-uwodornienie-olejow-roslinnych
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 800 mln PLN | Investor: ORLEN S.A.
Timeline: delivered 2026-05-25
Outcome: delivered, delayed, over budget
Description: A new plant for the hydrotreatment of vegetable oils (HVO) at the ORLEN production facility in Płock, commissioned on 25 May 2026. Its capacity is approximately 300 thousand tonnes of biocomponents per year, produced from feedstocks including rapeseed oil and used cooking oil (UCO). The value of the investment exceeded PLN 800 million. Commissioning the plant increases the ORLEN Group's total biofuel production potential to approximately 700 thousand tonnes per year, with an announced increase to 1.1 million tonnes by 2030.
Significance: The plant reduces the ORLEN Group's dependence on imported biocomponents and supports the achievement of transport decarbonization targets — the National Indicative Target (set at 10 percent for 2026) and EU RED III requirements. Production of HVO biofuel from local agricultural and waste feedstocks is intended to lower greenhouse gas emissions by at least 65 percent relative to conventional fuels, while building a domestic value chain based on Polish agriculture.
Sources:
  - ORLEN uruchamia instalację HVO – z lokalnych surowców powstanie 300 tys. ton biopaliw rocznie (ORLEN S.A., 2026-05-25): https://www.orlen.pl/pl/o-firmie/media/komunikaty-prasowe/biezace/2026/Maj-2026/orlen-uruchamia-instalacje-hvo--z-lokalnych-surowcow-powstanie-300-tys-ton-biopaliw-rocznie
  - Orlen uruchomił w Płocku instalację HVO, wybudowaną kosztem ponad 800 mln zł (Inwestycje.pl, 2026-05-26): https://inwestycje.pl/biznes/orlen-uruchomil-w-plocku-instalacje-hvo-wybudowana-kosztem-ponad-800-mln-zl/
  - ORLEN odpala HVO w Płocku. 300 tys. ton biopaliw rocznie (BiznesAlert.pl, 2026-05-26): https://biznesalert.pl/orlen-odpala-hvo-w-plocku-300-tys-ton-biopaliw-rocznie/
  - ORLEN launches HVO plant to produce 300 thousand tonnes of biofuels annually from domestic feedstocks (ORLEN S.A., 2026-05): https://www.orlen.pl/en/about-the-company/media/press-releases/current/2026/May-2026/orlen-launches-hvo-plant-to-produce-300-thousand-tonnes-of-biofuels-annually-from-domestic-feedstocks
  - ORLEN launches HVO plant to produce 300 000 tpy of biofuels (Hydrocarbon Engineering, 2026-06-03): https://www.hydrocarbonengineering.com/clean-fuels/03062026/orlen-launches-hvo-plant-to-produce-300-000-tpy-of-biofuels/
  - PKN Orlen wybuduje w Płocku instalację HVO; inwestycję szacuje na ok. 600 mln zł (aktl.) (Bankier.pl, 2021-09-30): https://www.bankier.pl/wiadomosc/PKN-Orlen-wybuduje-w-Plocku-instalacje-HVO-inwestycje-szacuje-na-ok-600-mln-zl-aktl-8197713.html
  - Orlen przesuwa terminy biopaliwowych inwestycji w Płocku, Jedliczu i Kętrzynie (Parkiet): https://www.parkiet.com/surowce-i-paliwa/art43291311-inwestycje-orlenu-w-biznesie-biopaliw-maja-poslizg

## Visbreaking unit at the Płock production facility
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/instalacja-visbreakingu-w-zakladzie-produkcyjnym-w-plocku
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 750 mln PLN | Investor: Polski Koncern Naftowy ORLEN S.A.
Timeline: announced 2020-02-05, started 2020-07, planned 2024-05
Outcome: delayed
Description: Construction of a visbreaking unit at the ORLEN refinery in Płock, intended to deepen crude oil processing through conversion of vacuum residue. A turnkey contract for design, supply and construction worth approximately PLN 750 million was signed on 5 February 2020 with a consortium of KTI Poland S.A. and IDS-BUD S.A. The investment is intended to increase the yield of high-margin products (gasoline and diesel). The original completion date (end of 2022) was postponed multiple times — by amendment to mid-2023, and according to the schedule from February 2024, completion of construction works was planned for May 2024.
Significance: Once completed, the unit is intended to enable the processing of vacuum residue — until now used to produce heavy fuel oils and asphalt — into high-margin products, i.e. gasoline and diesel. According to ORLEN, the expected increase in EBITDA operating profit is PLN 340-415 million per year.
Sources:
  - Raport bieżący nr 7/2020 - podpisanie umowy na budowę Instalacji Podstawowej Visbreakingu (ORLEN S.A., 2020-02-05): https://www.orlen.pl/pl/relacje-inwestorskie/raporty-i-publikacje/raporty-biezace/2020/01/Raport-biezacy-nr-7-2020
  - PKN Orlen: Rozpoczęto budowę instalacji visbreakingu w rafinerii w Płocku (money.pl, 2020-07-06): https://www.money.pl/gielda/pkn-orlen-rozpoczeto-budowe-instalacji-visbreakingu-w-rafinerii-w-plocku-6529163200497281a.html
  - Płock. Inwestycja Orlenu zalicza poślizg. Koncern nie raportuje już opóźnień (money.pl, 2024-02-27): https://www.money.pl/gospodarka/orlen-zalicza-poslizg-przy-inwestycji-w-plocku-nie-raportuje-o-tym-w-komunikatach-7000304137378784a.html
  - Mega inwestycja Orlenu zalicza poślizg. Grożą nam wyższe ceny oleju napędowego? (money.pl, 2023-09-19): https://www.money.pl/gospodarka/kiedy-wiecej-diesla-z-orlenu-mega-inwestycja-w-poslizgu-6943282484722400a.html
  - Nowy termin realizacji budowy instalacji visbreakingu w zakładzie PKN Orlen w Płocku - połowa 2023 r. (WNP.PL, 2022): https://www.wnp.pl/finanse/nowy-termin-realizacji-budowy-instalacji-visbreakingu-w-zakladzie-pkn-orlen-w-plocku-polowa-2023-r,602379.html
  - Realizacja zamierzeń inwestycyjnych - Raport zintegrowany ORLEN 2022 (ORLEN S.A., 2023): https://raportzintegrowany2022.orlen.pl/strategia/realizacja-zamierzen-inwestycyjnych/

## Intel semiconductor assembly and test factory near Wrocław (Miękinia)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/intel-wroclaw
Status: cancelled | Stage: announced | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 18.4 bn PLN | Investor: Intel
Timeline: announced 2023-06-16
Outcome: abandoned
Description: Intel planned to build a semiconductor integration and test facility in the municipality of Miękinia near Wrocław — an investment worth up to USD 4.6 billion, with approximately 2,000 jobs, one of the largest announced foreign investments in Polish history. The project was announced in June 2023, was paused for approximately two years in September 2024, and in July 2025 Intel ultimately announced it would not continue with it as part of a cost-cutting and production-capacity consolidation program. Construction never began.
Significance: Intel's withdrawal meant the loss of an announced record foreign investment: up to USD 4.6 billion in outlays, approximately 2,000 jobs at the plant and additional positions at suppliers, and the opportunity to integrate Poland into the European semiconductor production chain. The approved state aid was not disbursed, and the investment site prepared in Miękinia remained without an investor.
Reason for failure: The project, announced in June 2023, was paused by Intel in September 2024 for approximately two years due to the company's financial situation and lower-than-expected demand. In July 2025, Intel announced that it would not continue its planned projects in Poland and Germany, citing an earlier excessive pace of investment without corresponding demand as well as a program of cost reduction and consolidation of its production base. Construction of the plant never began.
Sources:
  - Intel Plans Assembly and Test Facility in Poland (Intel Corporation, 2023-06-16): https://www.intc.com/news-events/press-releases/detail/1627/intel-plans-assembly-and-test-facility-in-poland
  - Intel suspends planned new plants in Poland and Germany for two years (Notes from Poland, 2024-09-17): https://notesfrompoland.com/2024/09/17/intel-suspends-planned-new-plants-in-poland-and-germany-for-two-years/
  - Intel to "no longer move forward" with planned new plant in Poland (Notes from Poland, 2025-07-25): https://notesfrompoland.com/2025/07/25/intel-to-no-longer-move-forward-with-planned-new-plant-in-poland/
  - Koniec epopei o Intelu pod Wrocławiem. Firma rezygnuje z projektów w Polsce i w Niemczech (Bankier.pl, 2025-07-25): https://www.bankier.pl/wiadomosc/Koniec-epopei-o-Intelu-pod-Wroclawiem-Firma-rezygnuje-z-projektow-w-Polsce-i-w-Niemczech-8983935.html
  - Intel rezygnuje z inwestycji k. Wrocławia i budowy zakładów w Europie. Gigant tnie koszty (wroclaw.pl (oficjalny portal Wrocławia), 2025-08-18): https://www.wroclaw.pl/przedsiebiorczy-wroclaw/intel-rezygnuje-z-inwestycji-pod-wroclawiem
  - Foxconn wchodzi do Polski. Tajwański gigant zbuduje fabrykę na dawnych terenach Intela (Bankier.pl, 2026-06-22): https://www.bankier.pl/wiadomosc/Foxconn-wchodzi-do-Polski-Tajwanski-gigant-zbuduje-fabryke-na-dawnych-terenach-Intela-9155384.html
  - Taiwan to Build Chip and EV Factories in Poland Replacing China and the US (The Diplomat, 2026-06): https://thediplomat.com/2026/06/taiwan-to-build-chip-and-ev-factories-in-poland-replacing-china-and-the-us/

## Poland–Slovakia gas interconnector
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/interkonektor-gazowy-polska-slowacja
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 430 mln PLN | Investor: Gaz-System S.A.
Timeline: started 2018-09, planned 2022-10, delivered 2022-08-26
Outcome: delivered, delayed, underused
Description: A bidirectional high-pressure gas pipeline connecting the Polish transmission system at the Strachocina node in Podkarpacie with the Slovak gas compressor station at Veľké Kapušany, delivered jointly by Gaz-System and the Slovak operator Eustream. On the Polish side it is approximately 61 km long (approximately 164 km in total), and its transmission capacity is 5.7 billion m3 per year towards Poland and 4.7 billion m3 towards Slovakia. Construction began in 2018, completion of works was announced on 26 August 2022 in Strachocina, and commercial operation was made available from 12 November 2022. The investment is part of the North–South gas corridor; its cost was estimated at approximately EUR 100 million.
Significance: The interconnector completes the southern section of the North–South gas corridor and increases the possibilities for cross-border gas transmission between Poland and Slovakia, strengthening supply diversification in the region. In the first years after commissioning, however, its commercial use remained low — according to press reports from the end of 2025 and from July 2026, the connection was in practice not being used, because the Slovak market maintained gas supplies from other directions (including Russian gas via Turkish Stream, and ultimately an Azerbaijani contract from 2027).
Sources:
  - Interkonektor gazowy Polska – Słowacja zbudowany (GAZ-SYSTEM S.A., 2022-08-26): https://www.gaz-system.pl/pl/dla-mediow/komunikaty-prasowe/2022/sierpien/26-08-2022-gaz-system-interkonektor-gazowy-polska-slowacja-zbudowany.html
  - Interkonektor gazowy Polska-Słowacja gotowy do komercyjnej eksploatacji (Bankier.pl, 2022-11-08): https://www.bankier.pl/wiadomosc/Interkonektor-gazowy-Polska-Slowacja-gotowy-do-komercyjnej-eksploatacji-8437384.html
  - Sąsiad Polski nie chce od nas gazu. Rura za 100 mln euro jest pusta (WNP.pl, 2025-12-06): https://www.wnp.pl/energia/sasiad-polski-nie-chce-od-nas-gazu-rura-za-100-mln-euro-jest-pusta,1011055.html
  - Ruszyła budowa gazociągu Polska–Słowacja (Inżynieria.com, 2018-09-17): https://inzynieria.com/paliwa/gazociagi/wiadomosci/53619,ruszyla-budowa-gazociagu-polskaslowacja
  - Ważny gazociąg do granicy ze Słowacją już gotowy do użytku (Inżynieria.com, 2021-11-26): https://inzynieria.com/paliwa/gazociagi/wiadomosci/62995,wazny-gazociag-do-granicy-ze-slowacja-juz-gotowy-do-uzytku
  - Interkonektor gazowy między Polską i Słowacją już w budowie (WNP.pl, 2018-09-18): https://www.wnp.pl/energia/gaz/interkonektor-gazowy-miedzy-polska-i-slowacja-juz-w-budowie,330768.html
  - Gazowa porażka Polski. Sąsiad nie chce naszych dostaw i patrzy na wschód (WNP.pl, 2026-07-17): https://www.wnp.pl/energia/gazowa-porazka-polski-sasiad-nie-chce-naszych-dostaw-i-patrzy-na-wschod,1081716.html

## "Dobra Energia" Thermal Waste Treatment Plant in Olsztyn
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/itpo-dobra-energia-olsztyn
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 884 mln PLN | Investor: Dobra Energia dla Olsztyna Sp. z o.o. (Meridiam 95%, Urbaser 5%; PPP z Gminą Olsztyn / MPEC, 25 lat)
Timeline: delivered 2025-01-15
Description: A municipal waste-to-energy incineration plant in Olsztyn on Bublewicza Street, delivered under a 25-year public-private partnership model (DBFO/PPP). The plant, with a capacity of approximately 100 thousand tonnes of waste per year, was officially opened on 15 January 2025 and produces heat and electricity for the city's district heating system. The total cost of the project amounted to PLN 883.7 million, including PLN 233.3 million in EU funding from the OPI&E 2014-2020, with the remaining part financed by the private partner (the Meridiam fund, holding a 95% stake in the company Dobra Energia dla Olsztyna).
Significance: The plant covers approximately 35% of Olsztyn's heat demand and produces over 64 thousand MWh of electricity annually, thermally processing approximately 100 thousand tonnes of municipal waste per year. It is a key element of the transformation of the municipal district heating system after the move away from coal, replacing earlier sources based on fossil fuels.
Sources:
  - Instalacja Termicznego Przekształcania Odpadów w Olsztynie (Sozosfera, 2025-01): https://sozosfera.pl/odpady/instalacja-termicznego-przeksztalcania-odpadow-w-olsztynie/
  - Aż 883,7 mln zł. Tyle Olsztyn kosztowała Instalacja Termicznego Przekształcania Odpadów (PropertyDesign.pl, 2025-01-15): https://www.propertydesign.pl/architektura/104/az_883_7_mln_zl_tyle_olsztyn_kosztowala_instalacja_termicznego_przeksztalcania_odpadow,50083.html
  - ITPO przy ul. Bublewicza już działa. Pokryje 35 proc. zapotrzebowania Olsztyna na ciepło (Olsztyn.com.pl, 2025-01-15): https://www.olsztyn.com.pl/artykul,itpo-przy-ul-bublewicza-juz-dziala-pokryje-35-proc-zapotrzebowania-olsztyna-na-cieplo,42632.html
  - Oficjalne otwarcie ITPO w Olsztynie - 15.01.2025 (MPEC Olsztyn, 2025-01-15): https://mpec.olsztyn.pl/media-o-nas/oficjalne-otwarcie-itpo-w-olsztynie-15-01-2025/
  - Ciepło i prąd ze śmieci. ITPO w Olsztynie już działa (TKO.pl, 2025-01-15): https://tko.pl/265096,2025,01,15,cieplo-i-prad-ze-smieci-itpo-w-olsztynie-juz-dziala
  - Struktura organizacyjna - Dobra Energia dla Olsztyna (Dobra Energia dla Olsztyna Sp. z o.o.): https://energiaolsztyn.pl/dobra-energia-dla-olsztyna/struktura-organizacyjna/

## Veolia Nowa Energia Energy Recovery Plant (ITPO) in Łódź (EC4)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/itpo-veolia-nowa-energia-lodz-ec4
Status: planned | Stage: permits | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 1.0 bn PLN | Investor: Veolia Nowa Energia Sp. z o.o.
Timeline: planned 2028
Description: The Energy Recovery Plant — a thermal waste treatment plant with energy recovery (ITPO) being built by Veolia at the EC4 combined heat and power plant in the Widzew district of Łódź, at 5 Jadzi Andrzejewskiej Street. The plant, with a throughput of approximately 200 thousand tonnes of refuse-derived fuel (pre-RDF) per year, is intended to replace coal in the Łódź district heating system as part of the "Nowa Energia dla Łodzi" (New Energy for Łódź) program. The investor is the special-purpose company Veolia Nowa Energia. A construction permit was obtained in 2021, and start-up (production of heat and electricity) is planned for the fourth quarter of 2028. The estimated value of the investment exceeds one billion złoty.
Significance: The plant is intended to process approximately 200 thousand tonnes of refuse-derived fuel (pre-RDF) per year on two technological lines with a capacity of 100 thousand tonnes each, producing approximately 1.6 million GJ of heat (equivalent to the needs of approximately 20 thousand Łódź apartments) and approximately 146 thousand MWh of electricity per year. The project is part of the move away from coal in the Łódź district heating system under the "Nowa Energia dla Łodzi" program and is intended to make use of the calorific fraction of waste from the region.
Sources:
  - Częste pytania – Nowa Energia dla Łodzi (ZOE/ITPO) (Veolia Nowa Energia / Nowa Energia dla Łodzi): https://nowaenergiadlalodzi.pl/zoe-itpo/faq
  - Czym jest ZOE? – Nowa Energia dla Łodzi (Veolia Nowa Energia / Nowa Energia dla Łodzi): https://nowaenergiadlalodzi.pl/zoe-itpo/czym-j
  - Decyduje się los elektrociepłowni na odpady wartej ponad miliard złotych (WysokieNapiecie.pl): https://wysokienapiecie.pl/80234-decyduje-sie-los-elektrocieplowni-na-odpady/
  - Spalarnie odpadów powstaną w Łodzi i Radomsku. Przetworzą 230 tys. ton śmieci rocznie (WNP.pl): https://www.wnp.pl/energia/energetyka/spalarnie-odpadow-powstana-w-lodzi-i-radomsku-przetworza-230-tys-ton-smieci-rocznie,896054.html
  - Aktualności – Nowa Energia dla Łodzi (Veolia Nowa Energia / Nowa Energia dla Łodzi, 2021-11-22): https://nowaenergiadlalodzi.pl/aktualnosci
  - Instalacja Termicznego Przekształcania Odpadów w Elektrociepłowni Łódź (gielda-odpadow.pl): https://gielda-odpadow.pl/innowacje/instalacja-termicznego-przeksztalcania-odpadow-w-elektrocieplowni-lodz/
  - Budowa Instalacji Termicznego Przekształcania Odpadów (ITPO) (Veolia Poland): https://www.veolia.pl/budowa-instalacji-termicznego-przeksztalcania-odpadow-itpo

## Izera / ElectroMobility Poland (Polish electric car)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/izera
Status: cancelled | Stage: announced | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 580 mln PLN | Investor: ElectroMobility Poland S.A.
Timeline: announced 2020-07-28, planned 2025
Outcome: delayed, restructured, abandoned, written off
Description: Izera is the brand of the first Polish electric car, developed by the company ElectroMobility Poland S.A. (controlled by the State Treasury), established on 19 October 2016. The brand was officially presented on 28 July 2020, and the factory was planned in Jaworzno in the Śląskie Voivodeship, with series production originally announced for the third quarter of 2023. The deadlines were successively postponed (to 2024, and then to the fourth quarter of 2025), and the project — based partly on the platform of China's Geely — failed to secure financing. On 17 December 2024, the Minister of State Assets Jakub Jaworowski announced the end of the Izera project. After years of work and more than PLN 580 million in spending, neither the factory nor a finished vehicle was produced. The company redirected its activities towards building a production and development hub in Jaworzno with a new brand and the Taiwanese partner Foxconn (a separate successor project).
Significance: The closure of the Izera project meant that, after nearly a decade of work and more than PLN 580 million in public outlays, Poland gained neither its own electric car brand, nor a factory in Jaworzno, nor a finished vehicle. Public funds committed since 2016 did not translate into production, and the original deadlines for its launch (Q3 2023) were postponed multiple times. The experience and resources of ElectroMobility Poland were redirected towards a new model of cooperation with a foreign partner (Foxconn) in Jaworzno, constituting a separate, later undertaking.
Reason for failure: The Izera project, run by the company ElectroMobility Poland S.A. (majority State Treasury-owned) since 2016, aimed to launch production of the first Polish electric car at a factory in Jaworzno. Series production was originally planned for the third quarter of 2023, and was then postponed to 2024 and the fourth quarter of 2025. The project, which was based in part on the platform of the Chinese group Geely, failed to secure full financing by the end of 2023 and was suspended; a change of government and audits followed. On 17 December 2024, the Minister of State Assets Jakub Jaworowski announced the end of the Izera project, which was confirmed in April 2025 by the company's new CEO Tomasz Kędzierski. By the time the project was closed, with spending exceeding PLN 580 million, no factory or finished Izera-brand vehicle had been produced. The company's activity was redirected towards building a production hub in Jaworzno with a new brand and the Taiwanese partner Foxconn — this is a separate, successor undertaking.
Sources:
  - Izera (marka samochodów) (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Izera_(marka_samochod%C3%B3w)
  - Poland's electric car dream: PLN 0.5 billion spent, no factory, no vehicle (XYZ.pl): https://xyz.pl/poland-unpacked/polands-electric-car-dream-pln-0-5-billion-spent-no-factory-no-vehicle-3300/
  - Czy polskie auto elektryczne kiedykolwiek powstanie? Projekt Izery trafił do kosza (Money.pl, 2025-04-12): https://www.money.pl/gospodarka/czy-polskie-auto-elektryczne-kiedykolwiek-powstanie-projekt-izery-trafil-do-kosza-7145059044375488a.html
  - Izera upadła i nie powróci. Ale pomysł polsko-chińskiego elektryka nadal żyje (OKO.press, 2025-04-22): https://oko.press/izera-chiny-electromobility-poland
  - Nie będzie polskiego auta Izera. Co powstanie w Jaworznie za 4,5 mld zł? (Interia Motoryzacja): https://motoryzacja.interia.pl/wiadomosci/news-to-koniec-izery-4-5-mld-zl-na-inna-marke-i-fabryke-w-jaworzn,nId,22543564
  - Elektryzujące ustalenia NIK w sprawie elektrycznej Izery (Najwyższa Izba Kontroli (NIK), 2023-09-20): https://www.nik.gov.pl/aktualnosci/elektryzujace-ustalenia-nik-w-sprawie-elektrycznej-izery.html
  - Będzie Izera-bis? Tajwański Foxconn ma ratować polskiego elektryka (OKO.press): https://oko.press/izera-electromobility-poland-foxconn
  - Co dalej z Izerą? Koniec projektu to "spisanie na straty pół miliarda złotych" (Money.pl, 2024-04-19): https://www.money.pl/gospodarka/co-dalej-z-izera-koniec-projektu-to-spisanie-na-straty-pol-miliarda-zlotych-7018588366855072a.html
  - Przełom w sprawie Izery. Tajwański gigant wchodzi do gry o polski samochód (Bankier.pl, 2026-05-07): https://www.bankier.pl/wiadomosc/Przelom-w-sprawie-Izery-Tajwanski-gigant-wchodzi-do-gry-o-polski-samochod-9129083.html

## Atman Data Center Warsaw-3 (WAW-3) Campus in Duchnice
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/kampus-atman-data-center-warsaw-3-waw-3-w-duchnicach
Status: under construction | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 2.5 bn PLN | Investor: Atman
Timeline: started 2023-10-12
Description: A data center campus built by Atman in Duchnice, in the Ożarów Mazowiecki municipality (Mazowieckie Voivodeship), near Warsaw. It is ultimately to consist of three buildings with a combined colocation area of nearly 19,000 m² across 36 data halls and 43 MW of IT capacity, with room for more than 50,000 servers. The first building, with 14.4 MW of capacity and an area of 6,324 m², was officially opened on 18 September 2025, after construction began on 12 October 2023. The target value of the investment is PLN 2.5 billion; the facility is powered by energy from renewable sources. The project secured a PLN 1.35 billion syndicated loan from six financial institutions.
Significance: Once fully completed, WAW-3 is to be the largest data center campus of a Polish operator and one of the key digital hubs in Central and Eastern Europe, with 43 MW of IT capacity and room for more than 50,000 servers. The investment increases the country's colocation resources for cloud and AI services, while renewable energy supply and closed-loop cooling are intended to limit its environmental footprint.
Sources:
  - Atman Opens Flagship Data Center WAW-3 (Atman, 2025-09-18): https://atman.pl/en/atman-opens-flagship-data-center-waw-3/
  - Atman uruchomił pod Warszawą centrum danych WAW-3 za 2,5 mld zł (Magazyn Przemysłowy, 2025-09): https://magazynprzemyslowy.pl/artykuly/atman-uruchomil-pod-warszawa-centrum-danych-waw-3-za-2-5-mld-zl
  - Atman pozyskał 1,35 mld zł na rozbudowę centrów danych (ITwiz): https://itwiz.pl/atman-pozyskal-135-mld-zl-na-rozbudowe-centrow-danych/
  - Construction of Atman Data Center Warsaw-3 started (Atman, 2023-10-16): https://atman.pl/en/construction-of-atman-data-center-warsaw-3-started/
  - Poland's Atman launches first phase of new Warsaw data center campus (DatacenterDynamics, 2025-09): https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/polands-atman-launches-first-phase-of-new-warsaw-data-center-campus/

## Data4 Data Center Campus in Jawczyce near Warsaw
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/kampus-centrum-danych-data4-w-jawczycach-pod-warszawa
Status: under construction | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 2.6 bn PLN | Investor: Data4
Timeline: started 2023
Description: A data center campus of the French Data4 group, built in phases on a four-hectare site in Jawczyce, in the Ożarów Mazowiecki municipality near Warsaw. The first building was commissioned in 2023, and a second facility with 10 MW of IT capacity was launched in April 2026. Ultimately, the campus is to reach a combined capacity of up to 60 MW. Data4 has so far invested nearly EUR 200 million in Poland and plans to increase its outlays to approximately EUR 600 million by 2030.
Significance: The campus expansion increases the computing capacity available in the Warsaw region for colocation and cloud services, supporting the growing data center market in Poland. The investment relies on cooperation with Polish suppliers and local partners and is expected to contribute to the creation of approximately 400 direct and indirect jobs.
Sources:
  - Data4 expands in Poland with second data center near Warsaw (Data4, 2026-04-09): https://www.data4group.com/en/news-data4/data4-expands-in-poland-with-second-data-center-near-warsaw/
  - Data4 wzmacnia swoją obecność w Polsce, uruchamiając drugie centrum danych pod Warszawą (Data4, 2026-04-09): https://www.data4group.com/pl/aktualnosci-data4/data4-wzmacnia-swoja-obecnosc-w-polsce-uruchamiajac-drugie-centrum-danych-pod-warszawa/
  - Data4 uruchamia drugie centrum danych pod Warszawą (WNP.PL, 2026-04-09): https://www.wnp.pl/tech/data4-uruchamia-drugie-centrum-danych-pod-warszawa,1050766.html

## Vantage WAW1 Data Center Campus in Warsaw
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/kampus-centrum-danych-vantage-waw1-w-warszawie
Status: under construction | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): n/a | Investor: Vantage Data Centers
Timeline: announced 2021-07-08, started 2021-07-08
Description: Vantage Data Centers, a US operator of hyperscale data center campuses, is building the WAW1 campus in Warsaw's Bielany district on a plot of approximately 5 ha (12 acres). The campus is ultimately to comprise two four-story data center buildings with a combined area of approximately 36,000 m² and 48 MW of IT capacity (the first facility 16 MW, the second 32 MW). Construction began in July 2021, and the first of the buildings was completed and made available to customers in June 2022. This is the operator's first data center in Poland.
Significance: The WAW1 campus is Vantage Data Centers' first data center in Poland and an example of foreign investment in digital infrastructure in the Warsaw region. The first of the two buildings was completed and made available to customers in 2022; after full expansion, the campus is to offer 48 MW of IT capacity for hyperscale and cloud customers.
Sources:
  - Warsaw, Poland Data Center Campus (Vantage Data Centers): https://vantage-dc.com/data-center-locations/emea/warsaw-poland/
  - Vantage Data Centers Breaks Ground on Berlin and Warsaw Campuses (Vantage Data Centers, 2021-07-08): https://vantage-dc.com/news/vantage-data-centers-breaks-ground-on-berlin-and-warsaw-campuses/
  - Vantage Data Centers Opens Berlin and Warsaw Campuses to Customers (Vantage Data Centers, 2022-06-14): https://vantage-dc.com/news/vantage-data-centers-opens-berlin-and-warsaw-campuses-to-customers/
  - Vantage Data Centers rusza z budowa data center w Warszawie (TELKO.in, 2021-07-09): https://www.telko.in/vantage-data-centers-rusza-z-budowa-data-center-w-warszawie
  - Warsaw Data Center Campus - Vantage Data Center (Greenfields): https://greenfields.pl/en/warsaw-data-center-campus-vantage-data-center/

## Silesian Canal
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/kanal-slaski
Status: planned | Stage: announced | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 11.0 bn PLN | Investor: n/a
Timeline: n/a
Description: The Silesian Canal is a planned inland waterway approximately 93 km long, intended to connect the Odra (near Kędzierzyn-Koźle) with the Vistula (near Oświęcim) and link the Upper Silesian Industrial Region and the Rybnik Coal Region with the Odra corridor and Krakow. The route would pass through Kuźnia Raciborska, Rybnik, Żory, Tychy and Bieruń. The concept dates back to the 18th century, and the southern variant was selected as early as 1973; nonetheless, the undertaking remains at the conceptual and planning stage. The applicable National Waterway Program until 2030 lists the canal as a planned connection, with the prospect of implementation only after 2030. The estimated construction cost was put at approximately PLN 11 billion.
Significance: The canal would create a navigable, class IV connection between the Odra and Vistula basins, handling pushed convoys with a load capacity of up to 3,500 t; approximately 10 locks measuring 190×12×4 m were planned. For the region, it would mean an alternative waterway route for transporting bulk cargo from Silesia toward the ports of Szczecin and Świnoujście, as well as closing a segment of the European waterway corridor. The scale of costs (on the order of PLN 11 billion) and the multi-year horizon, pushed beyond 2030, make implementation uncertain.
Sources:
  - Kanał Śląski. Rząd połączy Wisłę z Odrą? (money.pl): https://www.money.pl/gospodarka/wiadomosci/artykul/kanal-slaski-rzad-polaczy-wisle-z-odra,38,0,2044454.html
  - Kanał Śląski (Wikipedia): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kana%C5%82_%C5%9Al%C4%85ski
  - Rzeczpospolita. Połączenie Odry i Wisły za 11 miliardów (naszraciborz.pl (za Rzeczpospolita), 2019-10-30): https://www.naszraciborz.pl/site/art/1-aktualnosci/0-/77182-rzeczpospolita-polaczenie-odry-i-wisly-za-11-miliardow
  - Kanał Śląski kluczowy dla transportu wodnego? (Seaoo.com, 2019-11-07): https://www.seaoo.com/blog/kanal-slaski-kluczowy-dla-transportu/
  - Kanał Śląski: Historia żeglugi stara i nowsza (zegluga-rzeczna.pl): https://www.zegluga-rzeczna.pl/articles/261/kanal-slaski
  - Kanał Śląski. Czy Polska odzyska szansę na połączenie Odry z Wisłą? (Radio Eska Śląskie, 2025-09-26): https://slaskie.eska.pl/kanal-slaski-polaczy-odre-z-wisla-gigantyczna-inwestycja-moze-odmienic-region-aa-AFhG-jnA5-ojn8.html

## High-Speed Rail "Y": Warsaw – CPK – Łódź – Wrocław/Poznań
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/kdp-y
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 80.0 bn PLN | Investor: Centralny Port Komunikacyjny sp. z o.o.
Timeline: announced 2008-12-09, started 2025-08, planned 2035
Outcome: delayed
Description: A new high-speed rail line in the shape of the letter "Y", connecting Warsaw via the CPK airport (Port Polska) and Łódź with Wrocław and Poznań — approximately 480 km of new infrastructure delivered by the Centralny Port Komunikacyjny company. The concept dates back to 2008 (a feasibility study commissioned by PKP PLK); in 2011 work on the high-speed rail was frozen, and the project was revived as the rail backbone of the CPK program. The design documentation for the 140-kilometer Warsaw–Łódź section (line no. 85), worth nearly PLN 350 million, is 85% financed by the EU from the CEF instrument (over PLN 290 million). In June 2025, a contract was signed with the PORR consortium for boring the high-speed rail tunnel under Łódź (approximately 4.6 km, diameter approximately 14 m), and in August 2025 the contractor took over the construction site of the Retkinia launch chamber; TBM boring is to begin in the second half of 2026. In 2026, tenders are being announced for the construction of further sections (including 14.3 km from the airport junction to the Bolimów junction) with a design speed of up to 350 km/h. The Warsaw–Łódź section is to be ready by the end of 2032, and the arms to Wrocław and Poznań by 2035; the CPK company estimated the cost of the entire "Y" line in 2024 at approximately PLN 80 billion.
Significance: The "Y" line is to be the first full-scale high-speed rail in Poland, with an operating speed of up to 350 km/h. It will shorten the journey from Warsaw to Łódź from approximately 70–90 to approximately 40 minutes, and from Warsaw to Wrocław and Poznań to approximately 1 hour 40 minutes, while simultaneously connecting the CPK airport (under 20 minutes from Warsaw) to the national rail network. The high-speed rail tunnel under Łódź (approximately 4.6 km, diameter approximately 14 m) is to be the longest and largest-diameter railway tunnel bored in Poland as a single section. The rail component of the CPK program, of which the "Y" line is the core, is valued at over PLN 76 billion.
Sources:
  - Linia kolei dużych prędkości Y (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linia_kolei_du%C5%BCych_pr%C4%99dko%C5%9Bci_Y
  - Kolej dużych prędkości na odcinku Warszawa – Łódź bliżej realizacji. CPK podał szczegóły (Transinfo.pl, 2025-10-29): https://transinfo.pl/inforail/kolej-duzych-predkosci-na-odcinku-warszawa-lodz-blizej-realizacji-cpk-podal-szczegoly/
  - Ponad 290 mln zł na projekt linii kolejowej CPK między Warszawą i Łodzią. Umowa podpisana (NaKolei.pl, 2023-10-10): https://www.nakolei.pl/ponad-290-mln-zl-na-projekt-linii-kolejowej-cpk-miedzy-warszawa-i-lodzia-umowa-podpisana/
  - CPK: Linia "Y" powstanie do 2035 r. Takie będą polskie koleje dużych prędkości (Rynek Kolejowy, 2024-07-18): https://www.rynek-kolejowy.pl/wiadomosci/cpk-ygrek-powstanie-do-2035-roku-119786.html
  - Umowy, projekty, wykupy, budowa. Oto, co w tym roku dzieje się w Programie CPK (Ministerstwo Infrastruktury (gov.pl), 2024-11-22): https://www.gov.pl/web/infrastruktura/umowy-projekty-wykupy-budowa-oto-co-w-tym-roku-dzieje-sie-w-programie-cpk
  - Pociągi pojadą tędy 350 km/h. Rozpoczyna się budowa ważnej linii kolejowej (PortalSamorzadowy.pl, 2026-05-03): https://www.portalsamorzadowy.pl/gospodarka-komunalna/pociagi-pojada-tedy-350-km-h-rozpoczyna-sie-budowa-waznej-linii-kolejowej,658204.html
  - Budowa tunelu dalekobieżnego CPK w Łodzi. Wykonawca przejął komorę startową Retkinia (Inżynier Budownictwa, 2025-08-25): https://inzynierbudownictwa.pl/budowa-tunelu-dalekobieznego-cpk-w-lodzi-wykonawca-przejal-komore-startowa-retkinia/

## Second-Generation Bioethanol Complex in Jedlicze (Orlen Południe)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/kompleks-bioetanolu-ii-generacji-w-jedliczu-orlen-poludnie
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 1.1 bn PLN | Investor: ORLEN Południe S.A.
Timeline: announced 2022, planned 2027
Outcome: delayed
Description: A complex of installations for the production of second-generation bioethanol (B2G) built by ORLEN Południe at the production plant in Jedlicze in the Podkarpacie region. The main installation, with an annual output of approximately 25,000 tons, is to produce an advanced biocomponent from non-food biomass, primarily cereal straw, accompanied by a biomass combined heat and power plant. EPC contracts were signed in 2022 (the general contractor for the main installation is ZARMEN Sp. z o.o.), and total capital expenditure was estimated at approximately PLN 1.12 billion. The original completion date by the end of 2024 was postponed; according to reports from November 2025, Orlen plans to commission the installation in mid-2027, attributing the delay to, among other things, changes to the contract with the contractor and modifications to the project being implemented.
Significance: The installation is to produce an advanced biocomponent (second-generation bioethanol) from non-food raw materials, which avoids competition with food production. Ultimately, the complex is to supply up to approximately 30,000 tons of advanced biocomponent per year, while utilizing approximately 160,000 tons of straw, and to support the fulfillment of EU requirements regarding the share of advanced biofuels in transport.
Sources:
  - Umowy na budowę kompleksu instalacji do produkcji bioetanolu drugiej generacji w zakładzie produkcyjnym ORLEN Południe (PKN Orlen / ORLEN Południe, 2022-01): https://www.orlen.pl/pl/relacje-inwestorskie/raporty-i-publikacje/raporty-biezace/2022/01/Raport-biezacy-nr-8-2022
  - Inwestycje Orlenu w biznesie biopaliw mają poślizg (Parkiet, 2025-11-06): https://www.parkiet.com/surowce-i-paliwa/art43291311-inwestycje-orlenu-w-biznesie-biopaliw-maja-poslizg
  - ZARMEN Sp. z o.o. podpisał umowę z ORLEN Południe S.A. na budowę instalacji do produkcji bioetanolu II generacji (Grupa Zarmen, 2022-03): https://www.grupa-zarmen.pl/aktualnosci/news/zarmen-wykona-instalacje-w-jedliczu

## Gubin-Brody Complex (Lignite Mine and Power Plant)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/kompleks-gubin-brody-kopalnia-i-elektrownia-na-weglu-brunatn
Status: cancelled | Stage: permits | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): n/a | Investor: Grupa PGE
Timeline: n/a
Outcome: abandoned
Description: A planned energy complex on a lignite deposit in the area of the Gubin and Brody municipalities, comprising an open-pit mine and a power plant with a capacity of at least 2,700 MW, developed by the PGE Group. The investment did not come to fruition: the Regional Director for Environmental Protection in Gorzów Wielkopolski discontinued the proceedings on the environmental decision for the open-pit mine, which effectively closed the path to construction.
Significance: Building the open-pit mine would have meant the displacement of up to 3,000 people and the demolition of 15 localities, as well as the demolition of valuable historic monuments. The abandonment of the investment is presented by residents and environmental organizations as a success, and the region retained its existing land use.
Reason for failure: In 2019, the Regional Director for Environmental Protection in Gorzów Wielkopolski issued a decision discontinuing the proceedings on the environmental decision for the open-pit lignite mine, after the investor failed to supplement the required documentation on time. This meant the effective end of the project — the open-pit mine in Gubin will not be built.
Sources:
  - Sukces mieszkańców i ekologów: kopalnia odkrywkowa w Gubinie nie powstanie (Greenpeace Polska, 2019): https://www.greenpeace.org/poland/aktualnosci/3534/sukces-mieszkancow-i-ekologow-kopalnia-odkrywkowa-w-gubinie-nie-powstanie/
  - Po latach walki o środowisko Gubin może ogłosić zwycięstwo. Odkrywka nie powstanie (SmogLab, 2019-08-27): https://smoglab.pl/po-latach-walki-o-srodowisko-gubin-moze-oglosic-zwyciestwo-odkrywka-nie-powstanie/
  - Kopalnia odkrywkowa w gminie Gubin? Plany wstrzymane! (Sozosfera, 2016): https://sozosfera.pl/zielona-energia/kopalnia-odkrywkowa-w-gminie-gubin-plany-wstrzymane/
  - Kolejny krok w stronę kompleksu energetycznego Gubin-Brody (Urząd Marszałkowski Województwa Lubuskiego (lubuskie.pl), 2014-02-06): https://lubuskie.pl/wiadomosci/2420/kolejny-krok-w-strone-kompleksu-energetycznego-gubin-brody
  - Decyzji środowiskowej dla złoża węgla brunatnego Gubin w PGE nie będzie - poinformował RDOŚ w Gorzowie Wielkopolskim (nettg.pl, 2019-08-27): https://nettg.pl/gornictwo/159890/decyzji-srodowiskowej-dla-zloza-wegla-brunatnego-gubin-w-pge-nie-bedzie-poinformowal-rdos-w-gorzowie-wielkopolskim

## Comprehensive Revitalization and Expansion of the National Institute of Oncology in Warsaw
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/kompleksowa-rewitalizacja-i-rozbudowa-narodowego-instytutu-o
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 872 mln PLN | Investor: Narodowy Instytut Onkologii im. Marii Skłodowskiej-Curie – Państwowy Instytut Badawczy (program finansowany przez Ministra Zdrowia)
Timeline: announced 2019, started 2019, planned 2028
Outcome: delayed
Description: A multi-year government investment program (phase I) covering the revitalization and expansion of Poland's largest oncology center — the Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Institute of Oncology in Warsaw. The program, adopted in 2019 with a budget on the order of PLN 872 million (of which nearly PLN 740 million from the health minister's funds), envisages, among other things, the construction of a new clinical building and the relocation of medical operations from the complex on Wawelska Street to the facility on Roentgena Street. The original completion date (2024) was postponed — implementation was extended by three years, to 2028, due to, among other things, the difficult situation in the construction market and prolonged tender procedures. In parallel, in 2025–2026 the Institute secured over PLN 272 million for further investments, including a new outpatient clinic as well as digitalization and the use of AI in imaging diagnostics.
Significance: The program is to increase the treatment capacity of the country's oncology: a new clinical building is being constructed, and Poland's largest oncology facility — hospitalizing over 80,000 patients annually and providing over 370,000 outpatient consultations — is gaining modern, consolidated infrastructure. However, extending implementation to 2028 delays patients' access to the modernized facilities, and shifting the financing over time under inflationary conditions effectively reduces the value of the planned outlays.
Sources:
  - Ponad 800 mln zł dla Centrum Onkologii w Warszawie (Prawo.pl, 2019-09-10): https://www.prawo.pl/zdrowie/ponad-800-mln-zl-dla-centrum-onkologii-w-warszawie,470550.html
  - Pacjenci dłużej poczekają na nowoczesną onkologię. Rząd wydłużył realizację programów (Rzeczpospolita (rp.pl), 2023-01): https://www.rp.pl/leki-i-terapie/art37748791-pacjenci-dluzej-poczekaja-na-nowoczesna-onkologie-rzad-wydluzyl-realizacje-programow
  - Narodowy Instytut Onkologii w Warszawie pozyskał 272 mln zł na inwestycje (Forsal.pl, 2025): https://forsal.pl/lifestyle/zdrowie/artykuly/11257805,narodowy-instytut-onkologii-otrzymal-ponad-272-mln-zl-co-sie-zmieni-dla-pacjentow.html
  - Wieloletni Program Inwestycji — Narodowy Instytut Onkologii (Narodowy Instytut Onkologii (nio.gov.pl)): https://www.nio.gov.pl/o-instytucie/wieloletni-program-inwestycji/
  - Ministerstwo Zdrowia zapowiada wielkie zmiany w pięciu ważnych ośrodkach (Rynek Zdrowia, 2025): https://www.rynekzdrowia.pl/Inwestycje/Ministerstwo-Zdrowia-zapowiada-wielkie-zmiany-w-pieciu-waznych-osrodkach-Jeszcze-w-tym-roku,266169,3.html
  - Centrum Onkologii w Warszawie czeka rewitalizacja i rozbudowa; podpisano umowę (Polska Agencja Prasowa (PAP), 2019-09-24): https://www.pap.pl/aktualnosci/news,516553,minister-zdrowia-podpisal-umowe-na-rozbudowe-centrum-onkologii-w-warszawie
  - Wieloletni program inwestycji w zakresie rewitalizacji i rozbudowy Centrum Onkologii — etap I (Ministerstwo Zdrowia (gov.pl)): https://www.gov.pl/web/zdrowie/wieloletni-program-inwestycji-w-zakresie-rewitalizacji-i-rozbudowy-centrum-onkologii--instytut-im-marii-sklodowskiej--curie-w-warszawie--etap-i

## PIAST-Q quantum computer (EuroQCS-Poland, PCSS Poznań)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/komputer-kwantowy-piast-q-euroqcs-poland
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 53 mln PLN | Investor: Poznańskie Centrum Superkomputerowo-Sieciowe (PCSS, IChB PAN); współfinansowanie: Ministerstwo Cyfryzacji, Ministerstwo Nauki i Szkolnictwa Wyższego, EuroHPC JU
Timeline: delivered 2025-06-23
Outcome: delivered
Description: The first quantum computer in Poland, launched under the European EuroHPC programme as EuroQCS-Poland. The digital machine, based on trapped-ion technology and featuring more than 20 physical qubits, was built by the Austrian company Alpine Quantum Technologies (AQT) and installed at the Poznań Supercomputing and Networking Center (PCSS), affiliated with the Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Polish Academy of Sciences, where it is being integrated with HPC infrastructure. The formal inauguration under the name PIAST-Q took place on 23 June 2025, with resources scheduled to be made available to users by 31 December 2025. The total installation cost is EUR 12.28 million, financed equally by the EuroHPC JU and the Polish side (the Ministry of Digital Affairs and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education). Despite the relatively low cost, the investment is strategic in nature — it builds the country's first capability in quantum computing and integrates Poland into the European EuroHPC network.
Significance: PIAST-Q is the first quantum computer installed in Poland and the first device of its kind launched under the EuroHPC programme accessible from Poznań. It provides 20 physical qubits in trapped-ion technology operating at room temperature and is being integrated with the PCSS supercomputing infrastructure, which is intended to make computing power available to researchers, industry, and the public sector across Europe. Co-financing by the EuroHPC JU and two Polish ministries (Digital Affairs and Science and Higher Education) makes the investment a component of national and European quantum technology development policy — the Ministry of Digital Affairs notes that through the project Poland is joining the leaders in developing these technologies in Europe.
Sources:
  - Podpisanie umowy na instalację komputera kwantowego EuroQCS-Poland (Poznańskie Centrum Superkomputerowo-Sieciowe (PCSS), 2024-07): https://www.pcss.pl/rozwoj-europejskich-technologii-obliczen-kwantowych-podpisanie-umowy-na-instalacje-komputera-kwantowego-euroqcs-poland/
  - PIAST-Q: Ruszył pierwszy komputer kwantowy EuroHPC w Polsce (Academia PAN, 2025-06): https://academia.pan.pl/piast-q-ruszyl-pierwszy-komputer-kwantowy-eurohpc-w-polsce/
  - Otwarcie pierwszego europejskiego komputera kwantowego w Polsce (Ministerstwo Cyfryzacji (gov.pl), 2025-06-23): https://www.gov.pl/web/cyfryzacja/otwarcie-pierwszego-europejskiego-komputera-kwantowego-w-polsce

## Bzie-Dębina coking coal mine (JSW)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/kopalnia-wegla-koksowego-bzie-debina-jsw
Status: under construction | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 3.0 bn PLN | Investor: Jastrzębska Spółka Węglowa (JSW)
Timeline: n/a
Description: Bzie-Dębina is a coking coal mine belonging to Jastrzębska Spółka Węglowa (JSW), located in Jastrzębie-Zdrój. It was officially opened on 25 September 2019 as the first new coal mine launched in Poland since 1994. Target annual output was planned at approximately 2 million tonnes of strategic coking coal, and total investment outlays through 2033 were estimated at approximately PLN 3 billion. After surveying the deposit, JSW acknowledged that the originally assumed output level of 2.5 million tonnes per year would not be achieved, and the Bzie mining operation was incorporated into the combined Borynia-Zofiówka-Bzie mine.
Significance: The mine was the first new coal extraction facility launched in Poland since 1994 and was intended to give JSW access to deposits of strategic coking coal. After surveying the deposit, JSW reported that the originally assumed output level of 2.5 million tonnes per year could not be achieved. The Bzie operation was incorporated into the combined Borynia-Zofiówka-Bzie mine, where coking coal has been extracted from an operational longwall since June 2023.
Sources:
  - JSW chce zainwestować w kopalnię „Bzie-Dębina” 3 mld zł do 2033 r. (Bankier.pl): https://www.bankier.pl/wiadomosc/JSW-chce-zainwestowac-w-kopalnie-Bzie-Debina-3-mld-zl-do-2033-r-7744198.html
  - Kopalnia węgla koksowego Bzie-Dębina w Jastrzębiu Zdroju oficjalnie otwarta (Ministerstwo Aktywów Państwowych (gov.pl), 2019-09-25): https://www.gov.pl/web/aktywa-panstwowe/kopalnia-wegla-koksowego-bzie-debina-w-jastrzebiu-zdroju-oficjalnie-otwarta
  - JSW sygnalizuje problem z kopalnią. Niemożliwe wydobycie 2,5 mln ton (WNP.pl, 2023-11-24): https://www.wnp.pl/energia/jsw-sygnalizuje-problem-z-kopalnia-niemozliwe-wydobycie-2-5-mln-ton,778043.html
  - Kopalnia w Bziu nie osiągnie oczekiwanego poziomu wydobycia (JastrzebieOnline.pl, 2023-11-30): https://jastrzebieonline.pl/wiadomosci/225893-kopalnia-w-bziu-nie-osiagnie-oczekiwanego-poziomu-wydobycia.html
  - W końcu się udało. JSW po wielu problemach uruchamia nową ścianę wydobywczą (WNP.pl, 2023-06-28): https://www.wnp.pl/gornictwo/w-koncu-sie-udalo-jsw-po-wielu-problemach-uruchamia-nowa-sciane-wydobywcza,726001.html

## NRRP C1.1.1 — high-speed internet in white-spot areas
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/kpo-c1-1-1-szybki-internet-na-obszarach-bialych-plam
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 2.5 bn PLN | Investor: Centrum Projektów Polska Cyfrowa (CPPC)
Timeline: planned 2026-08-31
Description: A programme under the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (investment C1.1.1), in which the Digital Poland Projects Centre distributes grants to telecommunications operators for building access networks with a throughput of at least 300 Mbps in so-called white spots — locations without access to high-speed internet. The allocation for the fourth call amounted to approximately PLN 2.46 billion, and the funding covers 95% of costs, including three years of network maintenance. The investments must be completed by 31 August 2026.
Significance: The programme aims to eliminate territorial digital exclusion in Poland. In the NRRP and FERC calls to date, more than 220 agreements worth approximately PLN 3.6 billion have been signed, covering more than 800,000 address points, and the fourth call added access for nearly 156,000 further address points. The networks are being built by private telecommunications operators using public grants.
Sources:
  - Inwestycja C1.1.1 — Dostęp do sieci szerokopasmowej (czwarty nabór) (Centrum Projektów Polska Cyfrowa (gov.pl), 2025): https://www.gov.pl/web/cppc/inwestycja-c-111-zapewnienie-dostepu-do-bardzo-szybkiego-internetu-na-obszarach-bialych-plam-czwarty-nabor
  - Rozwój sieci szerokopasmowej przybliża Polskę do likwidacji białych plam (Ministerstwo Cyfryzacji (gov.pl)): https://www.gov.pl/web/cyfryzacja/rozwoj-sieci-szerokopasmowej-przybliza-polske-do-likwidacji-bialych-plam
  - C1.1.1 Zapewnienie dostępu do bardzo szybkiego Internetu na obszarach białych plam — 004 nabór (Ministerstwo Funduszy i Polityki Regionalnej, 2025): https://funduszeunijne.gov.pl/nabory/c111-zapewnienie-dostepu-do-bardzo-szybkiego-internetu-na-obszarach-bialych-plam004-nabor/
  - Ponad 16 mld zł na rozwój sieci szerokopasmowych w Polsce (KPO (Ministerstwo Funduszy i Polityki Regionalnej)): https://www.kpo.gov.pl/strony/aktualnosci/ponad-16-mld-zl-na-rozwoj-sieci-szerokopasmowych-w-polsce/

## National FA-50 aircraft service centre at WZL Nr 2 (Bydgoszcz)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/krajowe-centrum-serwisowe-samolotow-fa-50-w-wzl-nr-2-bydgosz
Status: under construction | Stage: announced | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): n/a | Investor: Wojskowe Zakłady Lotnicze Nr 2 S.A.
Timeline: announced 2024-06-20
Description: Construction of a national service centre (MRO) for KAI FA-50 combat aircraft at Wojskowe Zakłady Lotnicze Nr 2 S.A. in Bydgoszcz. On 20 June 2024, WZL Nr 2 and the South Korean company Korea Aerospace Industries signed a cooperation agreement covering logistics support, servicing, repairs, overhauls, and modernisation of the FA-50 fleet. The plant successfully passed a KAI audit, which recommends WZL Nr 2 as the main contractor for the future service contract for the FA-50GF version, with the manufacturer in the role of subcontractor. The centre is to service the 48 aircraft ordered by Poland (12 delivered FA-50GF aircraft plus a further batch in the FA-50PL version).
Significance: Establishing a national service base for the FA-50 fleet builds sovereign capability to maintain and modernise combat aircraft domestically, reducing dependence on the manufacturer over the equipment's life cycle after the warranty period. Designating WZL Nr 2 as the main contractor strengthens the position of the Bydgoszcz-based enterprise and the Polish defence industry within the programme to operate 48 FA-50 aircraft.
Sources:
  - Krok w stronę budowy krajowego centrum serwisowego FA-50 (ZBiAM, 2024-06): https://zbiam.pl/krok-w-strone-budowy-krajowego-centrum-serwisowego-fa-50/
  - Centrum serwisowe FA-50 w Wojskowych Zakładach Lotniczych Nr 2 SA w Bydgoszczy (Przemysł Obronny, 2024): https://przemysl-obronny.pl/pl/centrum-serwisowe-ka-50-w-wojskowych-zakladach-lotniczych-nr-2-sa-w-bydgoszczy/
  - Bydgoszcz bierze FA-50 pod skrzydła. Koreańczycy dali zielone światło (Spider's Web, 2026-07): https://spidersweb.pl/2026/07/wzl-2-serwis-fa-50-kai-bydgoszcz.html
  - WZL Bydgoszcz będą serwisować FA-50 (Polska Zbrojna, 2023-12): https://polska-zbrojna.pl/home/articleshow/40869?t=WZL-Bydgoszcz-beda-serwisowac-FA-50

## Krakow Fast Tram stage III: Krowodrza Górka - Górka Narodowa
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/krakowski-szybki-tramwaj-etap-iii
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 595 mln PLN | Investor: Zarząd Inwestycji Miejskich w Krakowie (Miasto Kraków)
Timeline: started 2017-05, delivered 2023-09
Description: Construction of stage III of the Krakow Fast Tram — a line approximately 5.5 km long of double track (approximately 11 km of track) connecting the Krowodrza Górka loop with the Górka Narodowa housing estate in the northern part of Krakow. The route was designed and built by a consortium of Intercor and Tor-Krak under a contract signed on 22 May 2017. The investment included, among other things, a two-level integrated interchange hub with a P+R car park and a bus terminal at Górka Narodowa, a road tunnel along Opolska Street, and further Park & Ride car parks. The total value of the project amounted to approximately PLN 595 million, of which approximately PLN 184 million was funding from the EU Cohesion Fund (OPI&E 2014–2020), and PLN 38 million came from the government programme supporting preparations for the 3rd European Games. Trams began running on the new route in September 2023.
Significance: The new line completed the northern section of the fast tram in Krakow and shortened travel time from the densely populated estates north of Opolska Street (Górka Narodowa, Prądnik Biały) to the city centre, connecting them to the KST network with Park & Ride car parks encouraging travellers to switch from cars. Uptake proved high from the outset — in the first month more than half a million passengers used the new connection. However, delivery was significantly delayed: the 2017 contract assumed construction within approximately 3.5 years, yet the trams did not begin running until September 2023.
Sources:
  - Linia tramwajowa KST Krowodrza Górka – Górka Narodowa (Zarząd Inwestycji Miejskich w Krakowie): https://zim.krakow.pl/nasze-projekty/linii-tramwajowa-kst-krowodrza-gorka-gorka-narodowa/
  - Krakowski Szybki Tramwaj między Krowodrzą Górką a Górką Narodową (Ministerstwo Infrastruktury (gov.pl)): https://www.gov.pl/web/infrastruktura/krakowski-szybki-tramwaj-miedzy-krowodrza-gorka-a-gorka-narodowa
  - Ponad pół miliona pasażerów tramwaju do Górki Narodowej (Magiczny Kraków (krakow.pl), 2023-10-25): https://krakow.pl/aktualnosci/275943,26,komunikat,ponad_pol_miliona_pasazerow_tramwaju_do_gorki_narodowej.html
  - Kraków: Tramwaj do Górki Narodowej z wykonawcą (Rynek Kolejowy, 2017-03-10): https://www.rynek-kolejowy.pl/wiadomosci/krakow-tramwaj-do-gorki-narodowej-z-wykonawca-150306.html

## Warsaw-Radom Airport (expansion of the Radom-Sadków airport)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/lotnisko-warszawa-radom
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 800 mln PLN | Investor: Polskie Porty Lotnicze S.A.
Timeline: announced 2018, started 2019-05, planned 2023-04, delivered 2023-04-27
Outcome: delivered, delayed, over budget, underused, written off
Description: In 2018, Polskie Porty Lotnicze took over the failing Radom-Sadków airport (for PLN 12.7 million) and rebuilt it into the Warsaw-Radom airport. Construction began in May 2019; the new terminal, with a capacity of 3 million passengers per year, was commissioned on 27 August 2022, and the first passenger operation took place on 27 April 2023. The cost of the investment rose from the planned approximately PLN 425 million to nearly PLN 800 million, although the airport was originally to have been ready as early as 2020. Traffic remains many times lower than capacity — over the whole of 2025 the airport handled 95,000 passengers — and since 28 November 2025 the Regional Prosecutor's Office in Lublin has been conducting an investigation into the expenditure on the expansion of an amount indicated by PPL as damage of no less than PLN 812.5 million.
Significance: The terminal was prepared to receive 3 million passengers per year, but actual traffic is many times lower: 95,000 passengers over the whole of 2025, while a record June 2026 brought 16,100 travellers (approximately 22 percent more year on year). PPL subsidises the airport by tens of millions of złoty per year, and the current PPL president Andrzej Ilków assessed that this infrastructure should have been built in Modlin, and deemed the decision to build in Radom a mistake. The company filed a notification with the prosecutor's office against former management boards, indicating damage of no less than PLN 812.5 million; scenarios for changing the airport's role, including a takeover by the military, are being publicly considered. The project functions in public debate as a flagship example of a misguided public mega-investment.
Sources:
  - Za 800 mln zł zbudowali nowe lotnisko w Radomiu. Będzie potrzebować dekad, żeby stać się rentownym portem (Money.pl, 2022-09-04): https://www.money.pl/gospodarka/za-800-mln-zl-zbudowali-nowe-lotnisko-w-radomiu-bedzie-potrzebowac-dekad-zeby-stac-sie-rentownym-portem-6807337738340864a.html
  - Powrót do Radomia. Analiza inwestycji PPL (Pasazer.com, 2022-09-30): https://www.pasazer.com/news/462044/powrot,do,radomia,analiza,inwestycji,ppl.html
  - Lotnisko w Radomiu (OKO.press, 2023-04-27): https://oko.press/lotnisko-w-radomiu
  - Lotnisko w Radomiu nie powinno powstać. Prezes PPL mówi wprost: to był błąd (Money.pl, 2024-09-12): https://www.money.pl/gospodarka/lotnisko-w-radomiu-nie-powinno-powstac-prezes-ppl-mowi-wprost-to-byl-blad-7070222728764320a.html
  - Klęska polskiego lotniska. "Każdy, kto umie liczyć, zadawał pytanie" (Money.pl, 2025-11-05): https://www.money.pl/gospodarka/kleska-lotniska-w-radomiu-analizy-rozminely-sie-z-rzeczywistoscia-7218192439470752a.html
  - Ponad 800 milionów miało zostać zmarnowane. Rozbudowę lotniska bada prokuratura (Forsal.pl, 2026-05-05): https://forsal.pl/gospodarka/prawo/artykuly/11242668,ponad-800-milionow-mialo-zostac-zmarnowane-rozbudowe-lotniska-bada-prokuratura.html
  - Port lotniczy Warszawa-Radom (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_lotniczy_Warszawa-Radom
  - Lotnisko Warszawa-Radom (Polskie Porty Lotnicze S.A.): https://www.polish-airports.com/pl/lotnisko-warszawa-radom.html
  - Lotnisko Warszawa-Radom z rekordowym czerwcem. Ponad 16,1 tys. pasażerów (TransInfo.pl, 2026-07-02): https://transinfo.pl/infoair/lotnisko-warszawa-radom-z-rekordowym-czerwcem-ponad-161-tys-pasazerow/
  - Lotnisko w Radomiu może zostać sprzedane wojsku. Rok 2026 będzie rozstrzygający (XYZ.pl, 2025-03-21): https://xyz.pl/lotnisko-w-radomiu-moze-zostac-sprzedane-wojsku-rok-2026-bedzie-rozstrzygajacy/
  - Lotnisko Warszawa-Radom: 95,6 tys. pasażerów w 2025 r. (Rynek Lotniczy, 2026-01-09): https://www.rynek-lotniczy.pl/wiadomosci/lotnisko-warszawaradom-956-tys-pasazerow-w-2025-r-26345.html
  - Ogromna szkoda majątkowa. Prokuratura wszczęła śledztwo ws. lotniska w Radomiu (WNP.pl, 2025-12-12): https://www.wnp.pl/bezpieczenstwo/ogromna-szkoda-majatkowa-prokuratura-wszczela-sledztwo-ws-lotniska-w-radomiu,1013298.html

## Nowa Wieś Ełcka energy storage facility (BESS Ełk, 200 MW / 800 MWh)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/magazyn-energii-nowa-wies-elcka-bess-elk-200-mw-800-mwh
Status: under construction | Stage: commissioning | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): n/a | Investor: Greenvolt
Timeline: n/a
Description: A large-scale battery energy storage system (BESS) with a power of 200 MW and a capacity of 800 MWh located in Nowa Wieś Ełcka in the Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodeship. The investment is being carried out by the Portuguese company Greenvolt, and the installation's components were supplied by BYD Energy Storage. The storage facility was connected to the 220 kV transmission grid of Polskie Sieci Elektroenergetyczne and was undergoing the energisation stage in mid-2026, becoming one of the largest installations of its kind in Europe. The project has secured capacity market contracts effective from 2028.
Significance: The installation, with a power of 200 MW and a capacity of 800 MWh, is among the largest battery energy storage facilities in Poland and Europe, supporting the stabilisation of the national power system amid the growing share of renewable sources. Connection to the 220 kV PSE transmission grid and capacity market contracts from 2028 place the facility within the expansion of large-scale energy storage in Poland.
Sources:
  - Polska ma największy magazyn energii w Europie. BESS Ełk podłączony do sieci (Gramwzielone.pl, 2026-06): https://www.gramwzielone.pl/magazynowanie-energii/20363672/polska-ma-najwiekszy-magazyn-energii-w-europie-bess-elk-podlaczony-do-sieci
  - W Polsce powstaje rekordowy magazyn energii. Inwestor wskazał dostawcę technologii (Gramwzielone.pl, 2026-07-02): https://www.gramwzielone.pl/magazynowanie-energii/20365600/powstanie-najwiekszy-magazyn-energii-w-polsce-greenvolt-wybral-dostawce-technologii
  - Greenvolt signs agreement with BYD Energy Storage for one of Europe's largest BESS projects (Greenvolt, 2026-07): https://greenvolt.com/greenvolt-signs-agreement-with-byd-energy-storage-for-one-of-europes-largest-bess-projects/

## Completion and expansion of Warsaw metro line II (eastern-northern and western sections)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/metro-m2-warszawa
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 10.0 bn PLN | Investor: Miasto Stołeczne Warszawa
Timeline: started 2015-10, planned 2026-11-09
Outcome: delayed
Description: A programme to complete and expand metro line II in Warsaw, conducted by the City of Warsaw and Metro Warszawskie. After the central section opened in 2015, the M2 line was extended in stages to the east (Trocka 2019, Zacisze–Bródno 2022) and to the west (2020, Bemowo 2022). The final, approximately 4-kilometre western section, with the Lazurowa, Chrzanów, and Karolin stations plus the Karolin technical and stabling station, is being built by Gülermak; following a 2023 addendum, the value of this contract rose from PLN 1.3 to PLN 1.95 billion net, and the completion date for the entire investment was pushed to 9 November 2026. Ultimately the line is to comprise 21 stations, and the cost of building all sections together with rolling stock is estimated at approximately PLN 10 billion; stage II of the expansion was co-financed by the EU Cohesion Fund (EUR 432.3 million).
Significance: The M2 line forms the second, east-west axis of the Warsaw metro; once all 21 stations are delivered it will connect Bemowo with Bródno. Successive sections received EU funding (including EUR 432 million from the Cohesion Fund for the expansion stage and PLN 1.125 billion for the western section), while the final, approximately 4-kilometre segment in Bemowo incurred a delay of about four years relative to the original deadline.
Sources:
  - Kończy się budowa metra w Warszawie. Co dalej? Co najmniej rok przestoju (Forsal.pl): https://forsal.pl/gospodarka/inwestycje/artykuly/11200426,konczy-sie-budowa-metra-w-warszawie-co-dalej-co-najmniej-rok-przestoju.html
  - Znamy wygląd nowych stacji 2. linii metra na Bemowie. Trwają już testy torów (Architektura-murator / Muratorplus.pl, 2026-06-13): https://architektura.muratorplus.pl/realizacje/znamy-wyglad-nowych-stacji-2-linii-metra-na-bemowie-trwaja-juz-testy-torow-aa-mnjZ-FMet-hWSM.html
  - Metro na Karolin. Jest aneks – nowe kwoty, nowe terminy (Rynek Kolejowy): https://www.rynek-kolejowy.pl/wiadomosci/metro-na-karolin-jest-aneks--nowe-kwoty-nowe-terminy-144771.html
  - Metro na Bemowie – trwa budowa nowych stacji (Urząd m.st. Warszawy (um.warszawa.pl)): https://um.warszawa.pl/-/metro-na-bemowie-trwa-budowa-nowych-stacji
  - Przedłużenie 2. linii metra w Warszawie w celu zwiększenia wykorzystania transportu publicznego i zmniejszenia zanieczyszczenia (Komisja Europejska – Dyrekcja Generalna ds. Polityki Regionalnej): https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/projects/projects-database/warsaws-metro-line-2-extended-to-increase-public-transport-use-and-reduce-pollution_pl
  - Linia M2 metra w Warszawie (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linia_M2_metra_w_Warszawie

## Krakow Metro – Line 1 (M1)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/metro-w-krakowie-linia-1
Status: planned | Stage: permits | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 13.0 bn PLN | Investor: Gmina Miejska Kraków
Timeline: n/a
Description: The first line of a planned heavy-rail metro in Krakow — the largest transport investment in the city's history. After the plan was presented by Mayor Aleksander Miszalski (2024) and the routes of lines M1 and M2 were selected (24 September 2025), the city entered the preparatory phase: in July 2026 a tender was announced for preparing pre-design documentation (feasibility studies, technical concept, ground surveys and environmental documents), for which PLN 188 million was secured in the budget and the Multi-Year Financial Forecast for 2026–2031. Ultimately the network is to comprise two lines with a total length of approx. 29 km and 29 stations; line M1 is to connect Nowa Huta with Opatkowice. The estimated cost of the first line is approx. PLN 13 billion, and of the entire investment PLN 13–15 billion. Selection of the documentation contractor and signing of the contract are planned for the first quarter of 2027, and the announcement of the construction tender no later than 2030.
Significance: The first metro line is intended to give Krakow fast rail transport independent of street traffic and to relieve the overburdened tram and bus network in a city that has struggled for years with air pollution and congestion. The eventual two-line network is — according to the city's declarations — to serve approx. 280 thousand passengers per day and connect eastern Nowa Huta with the southern (Opatkowice, Kurdwanów) and western districts. It would be the second heavy-rail metro system in Poland after Warsaw.
Sources:
  - Prezydent przedstawił plan budowy metra w Krakowie (Magiczny Kraków (krakow.pl), 2024): https://www.krakow.pl/aktualnosci/286101,29,komunikat,prezydent_przedstawil_plan_budowy_metra_w_krakowie.html
  - Prawie 200 milionów na projektowanie metra. Kraków ogłasza przetarg (Magiczny Kraków (krakow.pl), 2026-07): https://krakow.pl/aktualnosci/330759,2379,komunikat,prawie_200_milionow_na_projektowanie_metra__krakow_oglasza_przetarg.html
  - Metro w Krakowie (Wikipedia): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_w_Krakowie
  - Metro w Krakowie. Co wiadomo do tej pory? Terminy, trasa, koszty (Rzeczpospolita): https://www.rp.pl/transport/art41156651-metro-w-krakowie-co-wiadomo-do-tej-pory-terminy-trasa-koszty
  - Nie tylko Warszawa. Polskie miasto bliżej budowy metra (Telepolis.pl): https://www.telepolis.pl/wiadomosci/krakow-metro-koszt-trasa-termin
  - Metro w Krakowie. Pierwsza linia ma powstać za 10 lat (Izba Gospodarcza Komunikacji Miejskiej): https://igkm.pl/metro-w-krakowie-pierwsza-linia-ma-powstac-za-10-lat/

## Warsaw Metro — Line 1 (M1) Kabaty–Młociny
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/metro-warszawskie-linia-m1
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): n/a | Investor: Metro Warszawskie Sp. z o.o. (właściciel: Miasto Stołeczne Warszawa)
Timeline: started 1983-04-15, delivered 2008-10-25
Outcome: delivered
Description: The first metro line in Warsaw (M1), running from the Kabaty estate in the Ursynów district north to the Młociny interchange in Bielany. Construction began on 15 April 1983 with the driving of the first steel pile of a Berlin-type retaining wall in Ursynów. The first section (Kabaty–Politechnika) was put into service on 7 April 1995, and subsequent stretches of the route were opened in stages over the following years. The entire line — from Kabaty to Młociny — was completed on 25 October 2008, after 25 years of construction. The route has 21 stations and a length of 23.1 km. The infrastructure is managed by the municipal company Metro Warszawskie Sp. z o.o., 100% of whose shares belong to the Capital City of Warsaw.
Significance: Line M1 was the first and for years the only metro section in Poland, as well as one of the largest post-war transport investments in Warsaw, carried out in stages over a quarter of a century. It created a transport backbone connecting the densely populated Ursynów and Bielany estates with the city centre. After completion the line became one of the most intensively used public transport routes in the country — according to operational data it is used by on the order of 216–609 thousand passengers per day. The construction and operation of M1 became the basis of experience for building subsequent lines of the Warsaw metro.
Sources:
  - Linia M1 metra w Warszawie (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linia_M1_metra_w_Warszawie
  - Metro kursuje od 25 lat (Miasto Stołeczne Warszawa (um.warszawa.pl), 2020-04-07): https://um.warszawa.pl/-/metro-kursuje-od-25-lat
  - Metro Warszawskie (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_Warszawskie
  - Metro M1 w Warszawie, czyli 1. linia metra – stacje, historia, ciekawostki (Murator Plus, 2025-04-07): https://www.muratorplus.pl/inwestycje/inwestycje-publiczne/metro-m1-w-warszawie-czyli-1-linia-metra-stacje-historia-ciekawostki-aa-aRMW-CXG1-Tk9R.html
  - Metro w Warszawie (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro_w_Warszawie

## Baltic Power Offshore Wind Farm
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/mfw-baltic-power
Status: under construction | Stage: commissioning | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 20.3 bn PLN | Investor: Baltic Power (ORLEN 51% / Northland Power 49%)
Timeline: started 2023-10, planned 2026
Description: The first Polish offshore wind farm, being built in the Baltic Sea about 23 km from shore off Choczewo and Łeba by a joint venture company in which Grupa ORLEN holds 51% and Canada's Northland Power 49% of shares. The project, with a capacity of about 1.1–1.2 GW, comprises 76 Vestas turbines with a unit capacity of 15 MW, and its total budget was estimated at about EUR 4.73 billion, with project finance from 25 institutions. Construction began in October 2023; on 10 July 2026 the farm delivered electricity to the Polish grid for the first time, with 54 of 76 turbines installed, and full commercial operation is planned for the second half of 2026.
Significance: Once fully operational, the farm is to supply clean electricity for more than 1.5 million households in Poland. As the first offshore wind farm in the Polish part of the Baltic Sea, it opens a new sector of the national power industry and is the largest project of its kind completed so far in Central Europe.
Sources:
  - Northland's Baltic Power Reaches First Power Delivering First Offshore Wind Electricity to Poland's Grid (Northland Power, 2026-07-10): https://northlandpower.com/northlands-baltic-power-reaches-first-power-delivering-first-offshore-wind-electricity-to-polands-grid/
  - Baltic Power - Offshore Wind Energy Explained (Baltic Power): https://balticpower.pl/en/
  - Baltic Power embarks on construction of Central Europe's largest green energy project (Baltic Power, 2023-10-11): https://balticpower.pl/news/baltic-power-embarks-on-construction-of-central-europe-s-largest-green-energy-project/
  - SSW doradzalo Baltic Power przy finansowaniu i rozwoju pierwszego w Polsce projektu morskiej energetyki wiatrowej o wartosci 4,7 mld euro (SSW Pragmatic Solutions, 2023-09-22): https://ssw.solutions/ssw-doradzalo-baltic-power-przy-finansowaniu-i-rozwoju-pierwszego-w-polsce-projektu-morskiej-energetyki-wiatrowej-o-wartosci-47-mld-euro/

## Baltica 2 Offshore Wind Farm
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/mfw-baltica-2
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 30.0 bn PLN | Investor: PGE Polska Grupa Energetyczna / Ørsted (50/50)
Timeline: started 2025-01, planned 2027
Description: An offshore wind farm with a capacity of 1.5 GW being built in the Polish part of the Baltic Sea, about 40 km from shore off Ustka, in a 50/50 partnership between PGE Polska Grupa Energetyczna and Denmark's Ørsted. The project comprises 107 Siemens Gamesa turbines of 14 MW each, mounted on monopiles (111 monopiles in total, including 4 for offshore electrical substations). The final investment decision was taken on 30 January 2025, the first foundations were installed at sea in May 2026, and full commissioning is planned by the end of 2027. The cost of the investment is estimated in the media at about PLN 30 billion; PGE is financing its half in a project finance formula, including with PLN 11.1 billion in loans from 24 institutions and about PLN 6 billion from BGK (including PLN 5.5 billion from the National Recovery Plan), and the project has a 25-year contract for difference with the Polish state.
Significance: Once fully operational, Baltica 2 is to be the largest offshore wind farm in Poland, capable of supplying green electricity for about 2.5 million Polish households. The project is one of the largest energy undertakings currently under way in the country and a key element in the development of offshore wind power in the Polish Baltic.
Sources:
  - Ørsted, PGE Take Final Investment Decision on 1.5 GW Baltica 2 Offshore Wind Farm (offshoreWIND.biz, 2025-01-30): https://www.offshorewind.biz/2025/01/30/orsted-pge-take-final-investment-decision-on-1-5-gw-baltica-2-offshore-wind-farm/
  - PGE and Ørsted take a final investment decision on Baltica 2 (BalticWind.EU, 2025-01-30): https://balticwind.eu/pge-and-orsted-take-a-final-investment-decision-on-baltica-2/
  - Ørsted, PGE kick off offshore installation of Baltica 2 project (Evertiq, 2026-05-20): https://evertiq.com/news/2026-05-20-orsted-pge-kick-off-offshore-installation-of-baltica-2-project
  - Ważne wydarzenie na budowie morskiej farmy wiatrowej za 30 mld zł (WNP.pl, 2026-06-17): https://www.wnp.pl/energia/wazne-wydarzenie-na-budowie-morskiej-farmy-wiatrowej-za-30-mld-zl,1072658.html
  - PGE Baltica: New contracts, onshore construction and O&M base (BalticWind.EU, 2025-01-09): https://balticwind.eu/pge-baltica-charter-of-vessels-onshore-construction-and-om-base/
  - Ørsted and PGE take final investment decision on Baltica 2 Offshore Wind Farm (Windtech International, 2025-01-30): https://www.windtech-international.com/projects-and-contracts/orsted-and-pge-take-final-investment-decision-on-baltica-2-offshore-wind-farm

## MikroGlob – satellite Earth observation system for the Polish Armed Forces
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/mikroglob-system-satelitarnej-obserwacji-ziemi-dla-sz-rp
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 557 mln PLN | Investor: MON / Agencja Uzbrojenia (wykonawca: Creotech Instruments S.A.)
Timeline: announced 2024-12-20, started 2024-12-20, planned 2027
Description: A programme to build a satellite Earth observation system for the Polish Armed Forces. A contract worth approx. PLN 556.7 million gross was signed on 20 December 2024 by the Armament Agency with Creotech Instruments S.A. It covers four optoelectronic microsatellites based on the HyperSat platform, imaging terrain in visible light and near-infrared, together with a ground segment for mission control and data processing. The resources are to be managed by the Geospatial Reconnaissance and Satellite Services Agency (ARGUS). The programme's first satellite, PIRX-1 (Mikroglob-1), reached orbit on 7 July 2026 aboard a Falcon 9 rocket as part of the Transporter-17 mission. The launch of all four satellites into low sun-synchronous orbit is planned by 2027.
Significance: The programme is to give the Polish Army a sovereign capability for optoelectronic Earth observation from space, complementing radar satellite reconnaissance with imaging in visible light and near-infrared. The four microsatellites based on the domestic HyperSat platform, together with the ground segment, are to reduce the army's dependence on foreign sources of reconnaissance data, and the execution of the contract by Creotech Instruments strengthens the national space industry. The launch of the first satellite, PIRX-1, in July 2026 ushered the Polish Armed Forces into the era of their own satellite Earth observation systems.
Sources:
  - Rusza satelitarny program MikroGlob (DziennikZbrojny.pl, 2024-12): https://dziennikzbrojny.pl/aktualnosci/news,1,12109,aktualnosci-z-polski,rusza-satelitarny-program-mikroglob
  - Polskie satelity dla Wojska Polskiego (ZBiAM, 2024-12): https://zbiam.pl/polskie-satelity-dla-wojska-polskiego/
  - Satelity obserwacyjne dla Sił Zbrojnych RP (Urania - Postępy Astronomii, 2024-12-22): https://www.urania.edu.pl/wiadomosci/satelity-obserwacyjne-dla-sil-zbrojnych-rp
  - Pierwszy satelita programu MikroGlob trafił na orbitę (Space24, 2026-07-08): https://space24.pl/satelity/obserwacja-ziemi/pierwszy-satelita-programu-mikroglob-trafil-na-orbite
  - Program MikroGlob wprowadza Siły Zbrojne RP w erę satelitarną (Agencja Rozpoznania Geoprzestrzennego i Usług Satelitarnych (ARGUS), 2026): https://www.argus.gov.pl/aktualnosci/program-mikroglob-wprowadza-sily-zbrojne-rp-w-ere-satelitarna/

## MikroSAR – SAR radar satellites for the Polish Army
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/mikrosar
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 860 mln PLN | Investor: MON / Agencja Uzbrojenia (konsorcjum wykonawcze: ICEYE Polska i Wojskowe Zakłady Łączności Nr 1 S.A.)
Timeline: started 2025-05-14, planned 2026, delivered 2026-05-15
Outcome: delivered
Description: The Armament Agency's purchase of a satellite radar reconnaissance system for the Polish Army. The contract, worth approx. PLN 860 million gross and signed on 14 May 2025 with a consortium of ICEYE Polska and Wojskowe Zakłady Łączności Nr 1, covered three SAR satellites with an option for a further three, as well as a mobile ground segment. The first satellite reached orbit on 28 November 2025 (Transporter-15 mission), two more on 30 March 2026 (Transporter-16), and a fourth — the first of the exercised contract options — on 3 May 2026 (Falcon 9 from Vandenberg base). In total four satellites were placed in orbit, and on 15 May 2026 the system was officially handed over to the Polish Armed Forces.
Significance: The first sovereign satellite radar reconnaissance system of the Polish Army, operated by the Geospatial Reconnaissance and Satellite Services Agency (ARGUS). The SAR radars image terrain with an accuracy reaching approx. 25 cm per pixel and work both by day and by night as well as despite cloud cover, which reduces the army's dependence on foreign sources of reconnaissance data. The programme was carried out in approx. a year from the signing of the contract — with four satellites launched into orbit — which the defence ministry presents as one of the fastest completed acquisitions in the history of the Polish army.
Sources:
  - Historyczne tempo budowy polskiego rozpoznania satelitarnego - system MikroSAR przekazany Wojsku Polskiemu (Ministerstwo Obrony Narodowej (gov.pl), 2026-05-15): https://www.gov.pl/web/obrona-narodowa/historyczne-tempo-budowy-polskiego-rozpoznania-satelitarnego---system-mikrosar-przekazany-wojsku-polskiemu
  - ICEYE oficjalnie przekazuje system MikroSAR Siłom Zbrojnym RP (ICEYE, 2026-05-15): https://www.iceye.com/pl-pl/press/press-releases/iceye-oficjalnie-przekazuje-system-mikrosar
  - ICEYE dostarczy satelity SAR Siłom Zbrojnym RP w ramach programu MikroSAR (ICEYE, 2025-05-14): https://www.iceye.com/pl-pl/press/press-releases/iceye-dostarczy-satelity-sar-si%C5%82om-zbrojnym-rp-w-ramach-programu-mikrosar
  - ICEYE dostarczy satelity dla Wojska Polskiego. Znamy szczegóły umowy (Space24, 2025-05-14): https://space24.pl/satelity/obserwacja-ziemi/iceye-dostarczy-satelity-dla-wojska-polskiego-znamy-szczegoly-umowy
  - Polskie satelity wystrzelone. Wojsko zyska nowe zdolności (Space24, 2025-11-28): https://space24.pl/satelity/obserwacja-ziemi/polskie-satelity-wystrzelone-wojsko-zyska-nowe-zdolnosci
  - Kolejne satelity Sił Zbrojnych RP trafiają na orbitę - ICEYE realizuje program MikroSAR (ICEYE, 2026-03-30): https://www.iceye.com/pl-pl/press/press-releases/kolejne-satelity-si%C5%82-zbrojnych-rp-trafiaj%C4%85-na-orbit%C4%99-iceye-realizuje-program-mikrosar
  - Polskie wojsko otrzyma satelity rozpoznawcze. Dostarczą wysokiej jakości obrazów (PAP, 2025-05-13): https://www.pap.pl/aktualnosci/polskie-wojsko-otrzyma-satelity-rozpoznawcze-dostarcza-wysokiej-jakosci-obrazow
  - Czwarty satelita SAR dla Wojska Polskiego trafił na orbitę (Space24, 2026-05-03): https://space24.pl/satelity/obserwacja-ziemi/czwarty-satelita-sar-wojska-polskiego-trafil-na-orbite

## Modernization and expansion of Chopin Airport in Warsaw
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/modernizacja-i-rozbudowa-lotniska-chopina-w-warszawie
Status: under construction | Stage: tender | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 940 mln PLN | Investor: Polskie Porty Lotnicze S.A.
Timeline: planned 2029
Description: Polskie Porty Lotnicze, a State Treasury company, is running a programme to modernize and expand Chopin Airport in Warsaw (Okęcie) — the largest airport in Poland — to increase its capacity for the transitional period before the Central Communication Port opens. Under the investment, the number of parking stands for narrow-body aircraft is to grow from 62 to 83, for wide-body aircraft from 15 to 24, and the passenger terminal floor area from 165,000 to 189,115 m2; the target capacity is approx. 30 million passengers per year. The original cost estimate (PLN 1.6 billion) was lowered — according to PPL the works are to cost PLN 940 million plus a 40 percent reserve for unforeseen expenditures. In December 2025 PPL announced a tender for the reconstruction of the terminal and the southern pier (deadline for submitting applications by 2 February 2026), and in February 2026 a loan agreement for PLN 3.3 billion was signed with a consortium of banks Pekao, PKO BP and BGK, covering both the modernization of Chopin and the construction of Port Polska. Signing of the contract with the contractor is planned for April 2027, and delivery of the modernized infrastructure for 2029.
Significance: The modernization is to secure the capacity of Poland's largest airport in the period until the opening of the Central Communication Port, so that — as PPL argues — it does not lose millions of passengers who would otherwise seek other airports. The expansion increases the terminal by approx. 15 percent of floor area (to 189,115 m2), the number of stands for wide-body aircraft by more than 60 percent (from 15 to 24), and for narrow-body aircraft by more than 30 percent (from 62 to 83), raising the airport's target capacity to approx. 30 million passengers per year. The investment is strategically tied to the schedule of the Central Communication Port and the construction of Port Polska — financed jointly from the PLN 3.3 billion loan — and its relatively low cost (PLN 940 million plus reserve) is presented as an economical, bridging solution maintaining air traffic in Warsaw for the coming years.
Sources:
  - Lotnisko Chopina ogłosiło przetarg na rozbudowę. Kiedy skorzystają pierwsi pasażerowie? (Rzeczpospolita (turystyka.rp.pl), 2025-12-29): https://turystyka.rp.pl/lotniska/art43568011-lotnisko-chopina-oglosilo-przetarg-na-rozbudowe-kiedy-skorzystaja-pierwsi-pasazerowie
  - Rusza modernizacja Okęcia. Przebudowa lotniska będzie kosztowała mniej niż planowano (Rzeczpospolita (rp.pl), 2025-07-01): https://www.rp.pl/transport/art42636711-rusza-modernizacja-okecia-przebudowa-lotniska-bedzie-kosztowala-mniej-niz-planowano
  - PPL ma 3,3 mld zł na modernizację Chopina i budowę Port Polska (Rynek Lotniczy, 2026-02-20): https://www.rynek-lotniczy.pl/wiadomosci/ppl-ma-33-mld-zl-na-modernizacje-chopina-i-budowe-port-polska--26812.html
  - Rozbudowa Lotniska Chopina zaklepana. 3 wielkie banki wyłożą fortunę na modernizację portu (Bankier.pl, 2026-02-20): https://www.bankier.pl/wiadomosc/Rozbudowa-Lotniska-Chopina-zaklepana-3-wielkie-banki-wyloza-fortune-na-modernizacje-portu-9086761.html
  - PPL szykuje przetarg na modernizację Lotniska Chopina. Prace ruszą w 2026 roku (TransInfo, 2025-05-05): https://transinfo.pl/infoair/ppl-szykuje-przetarg-na-modernizacje-lotniska-chopina-prace-rusza-w-2026-roku/
  - 1,4 mld zł na modernizację największego polskiego lotniska. Uda się zdążyć przed CPK (WNP.pl): https://www.wnp.pl/logistyka/1-4-mld-zl-na-modernizacje-najwiekszego-polskiego-lotniska-uda-sie-zdazyc-przed-cpk,924650.html

## Modernization of the E30 railway line Katowice – Krakow
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/modernizacja-linii-e30-katowice-krakow
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 2.0 bn PLN | Investor: PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe S.A.
Timeline: n/a
Description: A phased modernization of the international E30 railway line on the Katowice – Krakow section (over 58 km), carried out by PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe S.A. and co-financed from the EU's CEF "Connecting Europe" instrument. The investment, worth more than PLN 2 billion, covered the reconstruction of tracks, stations and stops as well as dozens of engineering structures — a total of 34 railway and road viaducts are being built along the route, of which 10 in new locations and 24 thoroughly rebuilt. The works were originally planned to be completed in 2014, but the investment, carried out in sections, struggled with years of delays, and the construction works and implementation of the traffic control system dragged on into subsequent years.
Significance: The modernization shortened the travel time between Katowice and Krakow by about 42 minutes ("three quarters of an hour"), enabling passenger trains to run at speeds up to 160 km/h and freight trains up to 120 km/h. The reconstruction of dozens of viaducts and the building of grade-separated crossings improved safety on the route. The line is a strategic connection between Silesia and Lesser Poland and an element of the rail corridor linking Poland with Western Europe.
Sources:
  - Trzy kwadranse szybciej koleją z Katowic do Krakowa (PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe S.A., 2012-03-19): https://www.plk-sa.pl/o-spolce/biuro-prasowe/informacje-prasowe/szczegoly/trzy-kwadranse-szybciej-koleja-z-katowic-do-krakowa-1615
  - PLK modernizują linię Katowice – Kraków. Wartość? 2 miliardy (Śląski Biznes, 2019-01-25): https://www.slaskibiznes.pl/wiadomosci,plk-modernizuja-linie-katowice-krakow-wartosc-2-miliardy,wia5-2-745.html
  - Nowe wiadukty i przejście na linii Kraków – Katowice zwiększą bezpieczeństwo (PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe S.A., 2021-11-10): https://www.plk-sa.pl/o-spolce/biuro-prasowe/informacje-prasowe/szczegoly/nowe-wiadukty-i-przejscie-na-linii-krakow-katowice-zwieksza-bezpieczenstwo-6359
  - Modernizacja linii kolejowej E30 w Krakowie dobiega końca (Inżynieria.com, 2020-06-16): https://inzynieria.com/drogi/modernizacja_kolei/wiadomosci/58819,modernizacja-linii-kolejowej-e30-w-krakowie-dobiega-konca
  - Linia Kraków – Katowice: Wszystkie odcinki z co najmniej półrocznym opóźnieniem (Rynek Kolejowy, 2019-02-19): https://www.rynek-kolejowy.pl/wiadomosci/linia-krakow--katowice-opoznienia-realizacji-prac-na-kolejnych-odcinkach-90630.html

## Modernization of the E59 line Poznań Główny – Szczecin Dąbie
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/modernizacja-linii-e59-poznan-glowny-szczecin-dabie
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 4.0 bn PLN | Investor: PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe S.A.
Timeline: announced 2006, planned 2025-09
Outcome: delivered, delayed
Description: A multi-year modernization of the E59 railway line (No. 351) along the approx. 190 km Poznań Główny – Szczecin route, carried out by PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe S.A. and co-financed by the EU's Connecting Europe Facility (CEF). The scope covered the reconstruction of both tracks together with the overhead line, bridges, viaducts, level crossings and station platforms, as well as modern traffic control systems, enabling passenger trains to run at speeds of up to 160 km/h. Most of the principal works were completed by the end of 2023, and from the new timetable in December 2024 the fastest trains cover the route in under 2 hours; finishing works were still underway, including at Stargard station. According to reports from January 2026, the principal modernization works between Poznań and Szczecin have been completed, and there are no longer any track closures on line No. 351. The value of the investment exceeded PLN 4 billion.
Significance: The modernization of the E59 line shortens travel time and improves the comfort of travel between two large centres in western Poland: from the December 2024 timetable the fastest trains run between Poznań and Szczecin in under 2 hours at speeds of up to 160 km/h, with a targeted reduction of the journey to 1 hour 45 minutes announced. New platforms at several dozen stations and stops, together with the line's increased capacity, allow additional long-distance and regional services to be launched. The line forms part of the trans-European Baltic–Adriatic corridor.
Sources:
  - Koniec prac na linii Poznań - Szczecin w 3. kwartale (Rynek Kolejowy, 2025-03-06): https://www.rynek-kolejowy.pl/wiadomosci/koniec-prac-na-linii-poznan--szczecin-w-3-kwartale-122397.html
  - PLK: Koniec prac na torach między Poznaniem a Szczecinem w 2024 roku (Rynek Kolejowy, 2024-02-08): https://www.rynek-kolejowy.pl/wiadomosci/plk-koniec-prac-na-torach-miedzy-poznaniem-a-szczecinem-w-2024-roku-117319.html
  - Modernizacja linii kolejowej E 59 na odcinku Poznań-Szczecin-Świnoujście - informacja prasowa (PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe S.A., 2006-02-28): https://www.plk-sa.pl/o-spolce/biuro-prasowe/informacje-prasowe/szczegoly/modernizacja-linii-kolejowej-e-59-na-odcinku-poznan-szczecin-swinoujscie-informacja-prasowa-106
  - Modernizacja Linii PKP Poznań-Szczecin - Aktualności i Informacje (poznan-szczecin.pl): https://poznan-szczecin.pl/
  - Pociągi Szczecin - Warszawa przyspieszyły. Już po raz ostatni? (Rynek Kolejowy, 2026-01-23): https://www.rynek-kolejowy.pl/wiadomosci/pociagi-szczecin--warszawa-przyspieszyly-juz-po-raz-ostatni-126396.html
  - Linia kolejowa Nr 351 Poznań Główny - Szczecin Główny. 2025r. (Polrails, 2025-05-22): https://www.polrails.net/linia-kolejowa-nr-351-poznan-glowny-szczecin-glowny-2025r/6472

## Modernization of line No. 201 Maksymilianowo – Gdynia (coal trunk line, access to the Port of Gdynia)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/modernizacja-linii-nr-201-maksymilianowo-gdynia-magistrala-w
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): n/a | Investor: PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe S.A.
Timeline: planned 2032
Outcome: delayed
Description: A comprehensive modernization, expansion and electrification of railway line No. 201 on the Maksymilianowo – Kościerzyna – Gdynia section (the historic coal trunk line). The programme includes the construction of a second track along most of the route, electrification, the reconstruction of Maksymilianowo station and the construction of a third track on the Gdańsk Osowa – Gdynia Główna section in order to increase the capacity of the freight corridor to the Port of Gdynia. The works are being carried out in stages – contracts for successive sections are being signed and announced, including the Wierzchucin – Lipowa Tucholska section (contract of approx. PLN 915 million) and section C Gdańsk Osowa – Gdynia Główna (estimated value of over PLN 1.3 billion). Investor: PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe.
Significance: The modernization and electrification of the coal trunk line is intended to increase the capacity and speed of freight traffic towards the Port of Gdynia and to shorten passenger train journey times. Once the works are completed, the line will be double-track and electrified along the entire Maksymilianowo – Gdynia route, and triple-track on the Gdańsk Osowa – Gdynia Główna section, which will improve connections between the Tricity and the region as well as the handling of cargo at the port.
Sources:
  - Z Gdańska do Gdyni po trzech torach - ogłaszamy kolejny przetarg na modernizację trasy Bydgoszcz - Trójmiasto (PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe S.A., 2025-10-02): https://www.plk-sa.pl/o-spolce/biuro-prasowe/informacje-prasowe/szczegoly/z-gdanska-do-gdyni-po-trzech-torach-oglaszamy-kolejny-przetarg-na-modernizacje-trasy-bydgoszcz-trojmiasto-11217
  - Kolejne 27 km linii 201 do przebudowy. Kontrakt za 915 mln zł podpisany (inzynieria.com): https://inzynieria.com/drogi/wiadomosci/100740,kolejne-27-km-linii-201-do-przebudowy-kontrakt-za-915-mln-zl-podpisany
  - Modernizacja linii kolejowej nr 201 do roku 2032? (Rynek Kolejowy, 2025-04-16): https://www.rynek-kolejowy.pl/wiadomosci/modernizacja-linii-kolejowej-nr-201-do-roku-2032-122894.html

## Modernization of the fairway and expansion of quays in the Inner Port in Gdańsk (stage 1)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/modernizacja-toru-wodnego-i-rozbudowa-nabrzezy-w-porcie-wewn
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 595 mln PLN | Investor: Zarząd Morskiego Portu Gdańsk S.A.
Timeline: started 2016, delivered 2022-06
Outcome: delivered
Description: The programme "Modernization of the fairway, expansion of quays and improvement of navigation conditions in the Inner Port", carried out by the Port of Gdańsk Authority, covered the reconstruction of nearly 5 km of quays (including Oliwskie, Ziółkowskiego, Obrońców Poczty Polskiej, Mew, Zbożowe, Wisłoujście, Dworzec Drzewny, and sections of the Wiślane, Szczecińskie and BON quays) and over 7 km of the Inner Port fairway. Implementation began in 2016, and its conclusion took place on 27 June 2022. The total cost exceeded PLN 595 million, of which 85 percent was financed by the European Union through the CEF (Connecting Europe Facility) instrument.
Significance: The modernization improved the navigational parameters of the fairway and raised the permissible draught of vessels entering the Inner Port. In the Port Canal, vessels of up to 250 m in length, 35 m in width and 10.6 m in draught can be handled, which increased navigation safety and the accessibility of the quays for larger vessels.
Sources:
  - Blisko 5 km nabrzeży, ponad 7 km zmodernizowanego toru wodnego - finał kluczowej inwestycji Portu Gdańsk (Zarząd Morskiego Portu Gdańsk, 2022-06-27): https://www.portgdansk.pl/biuro-prasowe/blisko-5-km-nabrzezy-ponad-7-km-zmodernizowanego-toru-wodnego-final-kluczowej-inwestycji-portu-gdansk/
  - Modernizacja blisko 5 km nabrzeży i 7 km toru wodnego - Port Gdańsk ogłasza finał inwestycji za 595 mln (Gdansk.pl, 2022-06-28): https://www.gdansk.pl/wiadomosci/Port-Gdansk-oglasza-final-inwestycji-za-595-mln,a,222892
  - Port Gdańsk kończy inwestycję za ponad pół miliarda złotych (WNP.pl, 2022-06-27): https://www.wnp.pl/logistyka/port-gdansk-konczy-inwestycje-za-ponad-pol-miliarda-zlotych,596342.html
  - Port Gdańsk - zakończenie modernizacji toru wodnego i nabrzeży (Pomorski Urząd Wojewódzki w Gdańsku, 2022-06): https://www.gdansk.uw.gov.pl/5990-port-gdansk-zakonczenie-modernizacji-toru-wodnego-i-nabrzezy
  - Rekordowe przeładunki 2023 w Porcie Gdańsk. W I półroczu o 36 proc. większe niż w tym samym okresie roku 2022 (Gdansk.pl, 2023-07): https://www.gdansk.pl/wiadomosci/Rekordowe-przeladunki-2023-w-Porcie-Gdansk,a,248020

## Modernization of the Świnoujście–Szczecin fairway to 12.5 m
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/modernizacja-toru-wodnego-swinoujscie-szczecin-do-12-5-m
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 1.9 bn PLN | Investor: Urząd Morski w Szczecinie
Timeline: started 2016, delivered 2022-05-09
Outcome: delivered
Description: The deepening and widening of the maritime fairway connecting the port of Świnoujście with the port of Szczecin along an approx. 62 km section to a depth of 12.5 m and a width of 100 m. During the dredging works, approx. 24 million m³ of spoil was extracted, from which two artificial islands were formed on the Szczecin Lagoon. The investor was the Maritime Office in Szczecin, and the undertaking was co-financed from the EU Operational Programme Infrastructure and Environment 2014–2020.
Significance: The increase of the maximum permissible draught of vessels calling at Szczecin from slightly over 9 m to approx. 11 m enables the handling of larger vessels and increases the competitiveness of the Szczecin–Świnoujście port complex. The works also resulted in two new artificial islands on the Szczecin Lagoon, formed from approx. 24 million m³ of dredged spoil.
Sources:
  - Zakończyły się prace związane z modernizacją toru wodnego Świnoujście–Szczecin (Ministerstwo Infrastruktury (gov.pl), 2022-05): https://www.gov.pl/web/infrastruktura/zakonczyly-sie-prace-zwiazane-z-modernizacja-toru-wodnego-swinoujscie--szczecin
  - Zakończenie modernizacji toru wodnego Świnoujście-Szczecin (Urząd Morski w Szczecinie, 2022-05): https://www.ums.gov.pl/600-zakonczenie-modernizacji-toru-wodnego-swinoujscie-szczecin
  - Modernizacja toru wodnego Świnoujście – Szczecin do głębokości 12,5 m (Mapa Dotacji UE (gov.pl)): https://mapadotacji.gov.pl/projekty/746798/
  - Modernizacja toru wodnego Świnoujście-Szczecin zakończona. Pogłębili do 12,5 m, zbudowali dwie wyspy (24Kurier, 2022-05-09): https://24kurier.pl/aktualnosci/wiadomosci/modernizacja-toru-wodnego-swinoujscie-szczecin-zakonczona-poglebili-do-12-5-m-zbudowali-dwie-wyspy/
  - Szczecin: Do portu zacumował statek z ładunkiem 50 tysięcy ton. To absolutny rekord (RMF24, 2025-08-28): https://www.rmf24.pl/regiony/szczecin/news-statek-z-rekordowym-ladunkiem-zacumowal-w-szczecinskim-porci,nId,8014836
  - Rekord tonażowy w Porcie Szczecin (GospodarkaMorska.pl, 2025-08): https://www.gospodarkamorska.pl/rekord-tonazowy-w-porcie-szczecin-87110

## Modernization of the regulatory structures of the border Oder
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/modernizacja-zabudowy-regulacyjnej-odry-granicznej
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 470 mln PLN | Investor: Państwowe Gospodarstwo Wodne Wody Polskie
Timeline: announced 2020-12-03, delivered 2024-02-21
Outcome: delivered, delayed
Description: A project of the State Water Holding Polish Waters (Państwowe Gospodarstwo Wodne Wody Polskie) consisting of the reconstruction of the regulatory structures of the border section of the Oder: the renovation of 171 groynes (transverse dams), the construction of 21 new ones, and the execution of bank reinforcements. The aim was to improve navigation and ice-breaking conditions and to achieve a transit depth allowing class III waterway status. The co-financing agreement was signed on 3 December 2020, and the principal works were completed on 21 February 2024. The investment was co-financed from the Operational Programme Infrastructure and Environment (POIiŚ) and the World Bank.
Significance: The reconstruction of the regulatory structures of the border Oder was intended to improve navigability and the effectiveness of winter ice-breaking on a key cross-border section of the river. The scope (renovation of 171 groynes, construction of 21 new ones, and bank reinforcements) was carried out as planned, and the principal works were completed on 21 February 2024. The implementation, however, became the subject of dispute over the rule of law and environmental protection: after the ecological disaster on the Oder in 2022, the Provincial Administrative Court (WSA) in Warsaw (December 2022) and the Supreme Administrative Court (NSA) (March 2023) ordered the works to be halted following complaints from Brandenburg and environmental organizations, yet the works were continued and brought to completion. After the investment was completed, on 27 January 2025 the Provincial Administrative Court in Warsaw annulled the environmental decisions of the RDOŚ and GDOŚ on the basis of which the works had been carried out – which, in the court's view, means that the works were performed illegally; Brandenburg sued Poland, and environmental organizations are demanding the renaturalization of the river. The target transit depth of 1.80 m for a class III waterway on the border section of the Oder was not confirmed by an independent measurement after the completion of the works.
Sources:
  - Umowa na prace modernizacyjne na Odrze granicznej podpisana (Ministerstwo Infrastruktury, 2020-12-03): https://www.gov.pl/web/infrastruktura/umowa-na-prace-modernizacyjne-na-odrze-granicznej-podpisana
  - Finał prac gwarancyjnych na Odrze granicznej (PGW Wody Polskie - RZGW w Szczecinie, 2024-08-08): https://www.gov.pl/web/wody-polskie-szczecin/final-prac-gwarancyjnych-na-odrze-granicznej
  - Prace regulacyjne na Odrze muszą zostać wstrzymane. Jest decyzja NSA, ale... (Teraz Środowisko, 2023-03): https://www.teraz-srodowisko.pl/aktualnosci/katastrofa-ekologiczna-odra-wyrok-nsa-zasolenie-zlote-algi-13142.html
  - Sąd nakazał wstrzymanie prac regulacyjnych na Odrze (OKO.press, 2022-12-22): https://oko.press/odra-wyrok-sadu
  - 1B.2 Prace modernizacyjne na Odrze granicznej w celu zapewnienia zimowego lodołamania (Biuro Koordynacji Projektu Ochrony Przeciwpowodziowej Dorzecza Odry i Wisły, 2024): https://odrapcu.pl/inwestycja/1b-2%E2%80%8B-prace-modernizacyjne-na-odrze-granicznej-w-celu-zapewnienia-zimowego-lodolamania/
  - Zapadł wyrok w sprawie Odry. Rząd wykonał prace regulacyjne nielegalnie (OKO.press, 2025-01-28): https://oko.press/odra-wyrok-rzad-wykonal-prace-nielegalnie
  - Informacja Żeglugowa na rzece Odrze wg stanu na dzień 03.10.2025 r. (PGW Wody Polskie - RZGW we Wrocławiu / RZGW w Szczecinie, 2025-10-03): https://www.gov.pl/attachment/d1cbaaac-bb2f-4984-baf6-bccc4b9f537b
  - Wody Polskie analizują konsekwencje uchylenia przez sąd decyzji środowiskowych dla prac na Odrze (PortalMorski.pl, 2025-01-29): https://www.portalmorski.pl/prawo-polityka/57438-wody-polskie-analizuja-konsekwencje-uchylenia-przez-sa-decyzji-srodowiskowych-dla-prac-na-odrze

## Baltica 1 offshore wind farm
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/morska-farma-wiatrowa-baltica-1
Status: planned | Stage: permits | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): n/a | Investor: PGE Polska Grupa Energetyczna (PGE Baltica)
Timeline: n/a
Description: A planned offshore wind farm with a capacity of about 900 MW (0.9 GW), located in the Polish part of the Baltic Sea about 80 km from the shore, off Łeba in the Pomorskie Voivodeship, developed by PGE Baltica of the PGE Polska Grupa Energetyczna company. The project belongs to the second, auction phase of Polish offshore wind energy. By 2025 it had obtained an environmental decision, a location permit and a grid connection agreement, and it entered the first Polish offshore auction (contracts for difference), settled on 17 December 2025. In this auction, the Baltica 1 bid with a capacity of 896 MW did not obtain support — contracts for difference were awarded to three other projects (Baltica 9, Baltic East and Bałtyk I) with a combined capacity of 3.435 GW. Commissioning of the farm was planned by the end of 2032, provided the auction was won; following the unsuccessful auction, the further implementation path remains open.
Significance: Baltica 1 is one of three offshore wind energy projects developed by the PGE group in the Polish Baltic; once fully implemented, the farm with a capacity of about 900 MW would increase national generation capacity from renewable energy sources. However, the failure to be awarded a contract for difference in the first offshore auction of December 2025 delays the financing model and commissioning of the project, whose further implementation depends on subsequent market outcomes.
Sources:
  - PGE's Baltica 1 Offshore Wind Project Ready for 2025 Polish Auction (offshoreWIND.biz, 2025-11-04): https://www.offshorewind.biz/2025/11/04/pges-baltica-1-offshore-wind-project-ready-for-2025-polish-auction/
  - Morska farma wiatrowa Baltica 1 z decyzją środowiskową (Gramwzielone.pl, 2025-11-04): https://www.gramwzielone.pl/energia-wiatrowa/20339815/morska-farma-wiatrowa-baltica-1-z-decyzja-srodowiskowa
  - Historic Offshore Wind Auction Outcome in Poland. Three Projects Secure Guaranteed Support (BalticWind.EU, 2025-12-18): https://balticwind.eu/historic-offshore-wind-auction-outcome-in-poland-three-projects-secure-guaranteed-support/
  - Offshore: First auction for offshore wind farms concluded (Energy Regulatory Office (URE), 2025-12-18): https://www.ure.gov.pl/en/communication/news/486,Offshore-First-auction-for-offshore-wind-farms-concluded.html
  - Poland completes first offshore wind power auction, allocating 3.4 GW of capacity (Notes From Poland, 2025-12-19): https://notesfrompoland.com/2025/12/19/poland-completes-first-offshore-wind-power-auction-allocating-3-4-gw-of-capacity/

## Baltica 3 offshore wind farm
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/morska-farma-wiatrowa-baltica-3
Status: planned | Stage: permits | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): n/a | Investor: Joint venture PGE Baltica (PGE Polska Grupa Energetyczna) i Orsted
Timeline: planned 2030
Outcome: delayed
Description: Baltica 3 is the second phase of the Baltica offshore wind farm in the Polish Baltic, with a planned capacity of approx. 1045 MW, implemented by the PGE Baltica company as part of a joint venture of PGE and Ørsted (50 percent each). The farm is to be built in the part of the Baltic between Łeba and Ustka, at least 25 km from the shore. The project holds a location decision, an environmental decision and permits for connection infrastructure, but a final investment decision (FID) has not yet been taken for it. Commissioning was originally planned for 2026; full commissioning is now expected by the end of the decade, around 2030.
Significance: Baltica 3, as the second phase of the Baltica complex (together with Baltica 2, approx. 2.5 GW), is to add approx. 1045 MW of installed capacity in offshore wind energy, supporting Poland's energy transition and the diversification of generation sources in the Baltic. The separation of the investment decision from Baltica 2 means that the implementation of this phase is shifted in time relative to the original plans.
Sources:
  - PGE na Baltyku (Pulsarowy.pl): https://pulsarowy.pl/pge-na-baltyku/
  - Orsted, PGE Take Final Investment Decision on 1.5 GW Baltica 2 Offshore Wind Farm (offshoreWIND.biz, 2025-01-30): https://www.offshorewind.biz/2025/01/30/orsted-pge-take-final-investment-decision-on-1-5-gw-baltica-2-offshore-wind-farm/
  - Pomorskie: farmy wiatrowe na Baltyku - wojewoda wydal juz 18 decyzji (Wizja Lokalna): https://www.wizjalokalna.pl/b-pomorskie-farmy-wiatrowe-na-baltyku-wojewoda-wydal-juz-18-decyzji-22-i-25-km-od-brzegu---na-wysokosci-leby-i-ustki-b-art65161
  - Baltica 2 and 3 - Baltica Offshore Wind Farm (Baltica (PGE / Orsted)): https://baltica.energy/en/baltica-two-and-three
  - Key information about our projects (PGE Baltica): https://pgebaltica.pl/en/about-us/key-information-about-our-projects

## Bałtyk 1 offshore wind farm (MFW Bałtyk I)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/morska-farma-wiatrowa-baltyk-1-mfw-baltyk-i
Status: planned | Stage: permits | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): n/a | Investor: MFW Bałtyk I S.A. (Polenergia S.A. i Equinor Wind Power AS, po 50%)
Timeline: announced 2019, planned 2032
Description: MFW Bałtyk 1 is an offshore wind farm project with an installed capacity of up to 1560 MW, developed jointly by Polenergia and Equinor (50% indirect stakes each in the MFW Bałtyk I S.A. company). The farm is to be built on the Ławica Środkowa (Middle Bank), about 80 km from the shoreline, with a maximum of 104 turbines. The project obtained a location permit (2019), a transmission grid connection agreement, and a legally binding decision on environmental conditions issued by the RDOŚ in Gdańsk (28 April 2025). In December 2025, the project's bid won Poland's first-ever auction for offshore wind energy, obtaining support in the form of a contract for difference (CfD) with a price of PLN 492.32/MWh and a support period of up to 25 years. The start of commercial operation is planned for 2032; the project has not yet reached a final investment decision (FID).
Significance: Once completed, Bałtyk 1 with a capacity of up to 1560 MW will be one of the largest offshore wind farms in the Polish part of the Baltic, capable of supplying green energy to about two million households. The project is part of the Polenergia and Equinor portfolio (Bałtyk 1, 2 and 3) with a combined capacity of up to 3000 MW and supports Poland's energy transition and the development of the domestic supply chain for offshore wind energy. The victory in Poland's first offshore auction secures long-term revenue support (CfD for up to 25 years) for this investment.
Sources:
  - Equinor i Polenergia z prawomocną decyzją środowiskową dla Bałtyk 1 (OffshoreWindPoland.pl, 2025-04-28): https://offshorewindpoland.pl/equinor-i-polenergia-z-prawomocna-decyzja-srodowiskowa-dla-baltyk-1/
  - Offshore wind farms - Polenergia (Polenergia S.A.): https://www.polenergia.pl/en/our-assets/production/offshore-wind-farms/
  - Polenergia and Equinor to jointly implement Bałtyk I Offshore Wind Farm project (Polenergia S.A., 2019-12): https://www.polenergia.pl/en/polenergia-and-equinor-to-jointly-implement-baltyk-i-offshore-wind-farm-project/
  - Projekt MFW Bałtyk 1 wybrany w aukcji offshore URE z ceną 492,32 zł/MWh (Inwestycje.pl, 2025-12-18): https://inwestycje.pl/biznes/projekt-mfw-baltyk-1-wybrany-w-aukcji-offshore-ure-z-cena-49232-zl-mwh/
  - Polenergia and Equinor's Bałtyk 1 offshore wind farm secures CfD in Poland (Windtech International, 2025-12-19): https://www.windtech-international.com/projects-and-contracts/polenergia-and-equinors-baltyk-1-offshore-wind-farm-secures-cfd-in-poland

## Bałtyk 2 Offshore Wind Farm (MFW Bałtyk II)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/morska-farma-wiatrowa-baltyk-2-mfw-baltyk-ii
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 12.9 bn PLN | Investor: Equinor / Polenergia (50/50)
Timeline: started 2025-05, planned 2028
Description: An offshore wind farm with a capacity of approximately 720 MW under construction in Poland's exclusive economic zone of the Baltic Sea, several dozen kilometres from the shore off Łeba, developed jointly by the Norwegian group Equinor and the Polish group Polenergia in a 50/50 partnership. Bałtyk 2 is one of two twin projects (alongside Bałtyk 3) with a combined capacity of 1,440 MW and a combined value of approximately PLN 27 billion, for which final investment decisions (FID) were taken on 19 May 2025 and financial close was reached on 23 May 2025. The farms will together comprise 100 Siemens Gamesa SG 14-236 DD turbines (50 turbines per project). The investment is covered by a 25-year contract for difference (CfD) awarded in 2021. Full commercial commissioning is planned for 2028.
Significance: Bałtyk 2, together with its twin Bałtyk 3, belong to the first wave of commercial offshore wind farms on the Polish Baltic and are expected to significantly increase the country's renewable energy capacity. According to the investors, once commissioned the energy from both farms is expected to be sufficient to power approximately 2 million Polish households, supporting the energy transition and the diversification of generation sources.
Sources:
  - Financial close for Bałtyk 2 and Bałtyk 3 (Equinor, 2025-05-22): https://www.equinor.com/news/20250522-financial-close-for-baltyk-2-and-baltyk-3
  - Equinor i Polenergia podjęły finalne decyzje inwestycyjne (FID) dla morskich farm wiatrowych Bałtyk 2 i Bałtyk 3 (Polenergia, 2025-05-19): https://www.polenergia.pl/equinor-i-polenergia-podjely-finalne-decyzje-inwestycyjne-fid-dla-morskich-farm-wiatrowych-baltyk-2-i-baltyk-3/
  - Jest FID dla MFW Bałtyk 2 i 3 - Equinor i Polenergia rozpoczynają budowę morskich farm wiatrowych o wartości 27 mld zł (OffshoreWindPoland.pl, 2025-05-19): https://offshorewindpoland.pl/jest-fid-dla-mfw-baltyk-2-i-3-equinor-i-polenergia-rozpoczynaja-budowe-morskich-farm-wiatrowych-o-wartosci-27-mld-zl/
  - Equinor i Polenergia wybrały dostawcę turbin dla MFW Bałtyk II i MFW Bałtyk III (Equinor Polska, 2023-06-14): https://www.equinor.pl/aktualnosci/equinor-i-polenergia-wybraly-dostawce-turbin-dla-mfw-baltyk-ii-i-mfw-baltyk-iii

## Bałtyk 3 Offshore Wind Farm (MFW Bałtyk III)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/morska-farma-wiatrowa-baltyk-3-mfw-baltyk-iii
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 12.9 bn PLN | Investor: Equinor ASA / Polenergia S.A. (JV 50/50)
Timeline: started 2025, planned 2028
Description: An offshore wind farm with a capacity of 720 MW under construction by the joint venture of Equinor and Polenergia (50% each) in Poland's exclusive economic zone of the Baltic Sea, approximately 22-37 km from the shore near Ustka. The project is being carried out in parallel with the neighbouring Bałtyk 2 farm (together 1,440 MW, 100 turbines); the combined value of both investments is approximately PLN 27 billion excluding financing costs. The final investment decision (FID) and financial close were announced in May 2025, after which construction began. The farms' operations and maintenance base was located in Łeba. According to the schedule, the first power is to flow to the grid in 2027, and full commercial commissioning is planned for 2028.
Significance: One of the first offshore wind farms being built in the Polish part of the Baltic and an important element in building the country's offshore sector. The 720 MW capacity (and, together with the Bałtyk 2 farm being built in parallel, 1,440 MW in total) is intended to supply the Polish power system with clean energy and to contribute to the decarbonisation of the energy mix. The investment creates industrial and service facilities on the coast, including an operations and maintenance base in Łeba, and strengthens the grid connection infrastructure (220 kV and 400 kV substations and lines).
Sources:
  - Financial close for Bałtyk 2 and Bałtyk 3 (Equinor ASA, 2025-05-22): https://www.equinor.com/news/20250522-financial-close-for-baltyk-2-and-baltyk-3
  - Equinor i Polenergia podjęły finalne decyzje inwestycyjne (FID) dla morskich farm wiatrowych Bałtyk 2 i Bałtyk 3 (Polenergia S.A., 2025-05-19): https://www.polenergia.pl/equinor-i-polenergia-podjely-finalne-decyzje-inwestycyjne-fid-dla-morskich-farm-wiatrowych-baltyk-2-i-baltyk-3/
  - Morskie farmy wiatrowe Bałtyk 2 i 3 nabierają tempa na lądzie i pod wodą (Polenergia S.A., 2026-04-29): https://www.polenergia.pl/morskie-farmy-wiatrowe-baltyk-2-i-3-nabieraja-tempa-na-ladzie-i-pod-woda/

## BC-Wind Offshore Wind Farm
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/morska-farma-wiatrowa-bc-wind
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 8.6 bn PLN | Investor: Ocean Winds (EDP Renewables 50% / ENGIE 50%)
Timeline: started 2026, planned 2028
Description: An offshore wind farm with a capacity of up to 390 MW under construction in Poland's exclusive economic zone of the Baltic approximately 23 km north of the shore, off the municipalities of Krokowa and Choczewo in Pomorskie Voivodeship. The investor is Ocean Winds, a joint venture owned in equal shares by EDP Renewables and ENGIE. The project comprises 26 turbines of 14 MW each with a Power Boost function increasing capacity to 15 MW. In December 2025 the investor reached financial close, securing approximately EUR 2 billion of financing and moving from the development phase to the construction phase. Onshore works are to begin in 2026, and the first energy is expected in 2028.
Significance: BC-Wind is Ocean Winds' first offshore wind project in Poland and one of the projects of the so-called first phase of Polish offshore. The target capacity of up to 390 MW will increase the share of renewable sources in the national energy mix and strengthen Poland's energy transition. The project uses Polish ports (Świnoujście as the assembly port for foundations, Gdańsk for turbines) as well as a service base in Władysławowo, engaging domestic contractors.
Sources:
  - Ocean Winds has reached Financial Close for its BC-Wind project in Poland (Ocean Winds, 2025-12-01): https://www.oceanwinds.com/news/uncategorized/ocean-winds-has-reached-financial-close-for-its-bc-wind-project-in-poland/
  - Ocean Winds' First Offshore Wind Project in Poland Enters Construction Phase (Offshore Wind (offshorewind.biz), 2025-12-01): https://www.offshorewind.biz/2025/12/01/ocean-winds-first-offshore-wind-project-in-poland-enters-construction-phase/
  - BC-Wind - About the project (BC-Wind / Ocean Winds): https://bc-wind.pl/en/about-the-project/
  - BC-Wind in Poland enters implementation phase - Ocean Winds closes financing (Baltic Wind, 2025-12-02): https://balticwind.eu/bc-wind-in-poland-enters-implementation-phase-ocean-winds-closes-financing/

## F.E.W. Baltic II Offshore Wind Farm (now PGE)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/morska-farma-wiatrowa-f-e-w-baltic-ii-obecnie-pge
Status: planned | Stage: permits | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): n/a | Investor: PGE Polska Grupa Energetyczna
Timeline: planned 2032
Description: An offshore wind farm project with a capacity of approximately 350 MW, planned in the Polish part of the Baltic Sea, approximately 50 km north of Ustka, in the western part of the Słupsk Bank. The project was developed by the German group RWE (through the company RWE Offshore Wind Poland) and subsequently sold to Polska Grupa Energetyczna: a conditional agreement was announced in December 2025, and the transaction was finalised on 10 March 2026, making PGE the sole owner. PGE intends to combine F.E.W. Baltic II with the neighbouring Baltica 9 project (975 MW), creating a joint Baltica 9+ complex with a total capacity of approximately 1.3 GW (approx. 1,325 MW), planned for completion by 2032 and serviced from PGE's service base in Ustka. RWE withdrew from the project, concluding that PGE is better prepared to carry it out.
Significance: After being combined with the neighbouring Baltica 9 project, F.E.W. Baltic II is to co-create the Baltica 9+ offshore wind farm complex with a capacity of approximately 1.3 GW, one of the largest planned offshore ventures on the Polish Baltic. The acquisition of the project from RWE strengthens PGE's position in the development of offshore wind energy and the achievement of Poland's energy transition goals.
Sources:
  - RWE sold its Polish offshore wind development project to PGE (RWE, 2026-03-10): https://www.rwe.com/en/press/rwe-offshore-wind-gmbh/2026-03-10-rwe-sold-its-polish-offshore-wind-development-project-to-pge/
  - RWE Sells 350 MW Polish Offshore Wind Project to PGE (offshoreWIND.biz, 2026-03-13): https://www.offshorewind.biz/2026/03/13/rwe-sells-350-mw-polish-offshore-wind-project-to-pge/
  - PGE wins offshore auction and acquires RWE project. Baltica 9+ giant to be established in the Baltic Sea (BalticWind.EU, 2026-03-13): https://balticwind.eu/pge-baltica-the-baltica-9-offshore-wind-farm-of-1-3-gw-to-be-developed-by-2032/
  - PGE przejmuje farmę wiatrową od RWE. Powstanie Baltica 9+ (Gramwzielone.pl, 2026-03-11): https://www.gramwzielone.pl/energia-wiatrowa/20353267/pge-przejmuje-farme-wiatrowa-od-rwe-powstanie-baltica-9
  - RWE receives building permits for F.E.W. Baltic II offshore wind farm (RWE, 2024-12-03): https://pl.rwe.com/en/press-and-news/2024-12-03-rwe-receives-building-permits-for-few-baltic-2-offshore-wind-farm/

## Polish History Museum at the Warsaw Citadel
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/muzeum-historii-polski-na-cytadeli-warszawskiej
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 1.2 bn PLN | Investor: Muzeum Historii Polski w Warszawie (państwowa instytucja kultury Ministerstwa Kultury i Dziedzictwa Narodowego)
Timeline: started 2018-07-06, planned 2027-06-04
Outcome: delayed
Description: The new headquarters of the Polish History Museum being erected on the grounds of the Warsaw Citadel at ul. Gwardii 1 in Warsaw. The building, with an area of over 44,000 m2, was designed by the Warsaw studio WXCA, and the general contractor was Budimex. Construction works began on 6 July 2018, the building was completed in 2023, and from 29 September 2023 it was opened to visitors with temporary exhibitions. The permanent exhibition presenting the history of Poland is being created across eight thousand square metres and is to gather over three thousand exhibits; the museum's management plans to open it on 4 June 2027. According to the findings of the Supreme Audit Office (NIK), the total cost of the project together with the permanent exhibition will exceed PLN 1.2 billion, many times more than the originally assumed deadline and budget from 2015.
Significance: The investment is one of the largest and most costly ventures in the area of Polish culture: according to NIK, the total cost together with the permanent exhibition will exceed PLN 1.2 billion, many times more than assumed when the government adopted the programme in 2015 with a completion deadline of November 2019. The state audit pointed to a threefold postponement of the investment completion date and successive changes to the multi-year programme. The new headquarters at the Citadel gives the Polish History Museum its own, permanent exhibition space and makes it a key institution of the state's historical narrative.
Sources:
  - Władza planuje, podatnik zapłaci - ponad miliard za Muzeum Historii Polski (Najwyższa Izba Kontroli (NIK), 2023): https://www.nik.gov.pl/aktualnosci/budowa-muzeum-historii-polski.html
  - Budowa Muzeum Historii Polski - najdroższa inwestycja w obszarze kultury w historii (Najwyższa Izba Kontroli (NIK), 2023): https://www.nik.gov.pl/kontrola-panstwowa-2023/04/budowa-muzeum-historii-polski-najdrozsza-inwestycja-w-obszarze-kultury-w-historii.html
  - Budowa siedziby Muzeum Historii Polski na warszawskiej Cytadeli (Muzeum Historii Polski, 2018): https://muzhp.pl/aktualnosci/budowa-siedziby-muzeum-historii-polski-na-warszawskiej-cytadeli-1
  - Muzeum Historii Polski w Warszawie (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzeum_Historii_Polski_w_Warszawie
  - Trzy tysiące eksponatów w sześciu galeriach. Powstaje wystawa stała Muzeum Historii Polski (TVN24 Warszawa, 2026-05-14): https://tvn24.pl/tvnwarszawa/zoliborz/trzy-tysiace-eksponatow-w-szesciu-galeriach-powstaje-wystawa-stala-muzeum-historii-polski-st9048316
  - Muzeum Historii Polski w Warszawie otwarte dla zwiedzających (Murator Plus, 2023-09): https://www.muratorplus.pl/inwestycje/inwestycje-publiczne/muzeum-historii-polski-w-warszawie-otwarte-dla-zwiedzajacych-godziny-otwarcia-aa-awNj-XHC7-KcbG.html

## Museum of the Second World War in Gdańsk
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/muzeum-ii-wojny-swiatowej-gdansk
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 449 mln PLN | Investor: Ministerstwo Kultury i Dziedzictwa Narodowego
Timeline: announced 2008-09-01, delivered 2017-03-23
Outcome: delivered, delayed, over budget
Description: A state historical museum in Gdańsk at pl. Władysława Bartoszewskiego 1, dedicated to the history of the Second World War. The institution was established on 1 September 2008 by an order of the Minister of Culture and National Heritage and is supervised by that ministry. The modern building was designed by the Gdynia architectural studio "Kwadrat", and the building was erected by a consortium of the companies Warbud and Hochtief (the contract for the structure itself amounted to PLN 249.9 million). In April 2015 the Council of Ministers increased the total funds for construction to PLN 448.9 million. The museum was opened to visitors on 23 March 2017; the exhibition featured approximately 2,500 exhibits and approximately 240 multimedia stations.
Significance: The construction of the Museum of the Second World War was one of the largest museum investments in Poland — the funds for it (increased in 2015 to PLN 448.9 million) came from the budget of the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage. Since opening, the facility has enjoyed high attendance: from 23 March to 27 December 2017 the museum was visited by 413,812 people, and on 24 November 2018 the total number of visitors exceeded one million. The project was accompanied by delays and cost increases from the original approximately PLN 360 million to almost PLN 450 million.
Sources:
  - Muzeum II Wojny Światowej w Gdańsku (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzeum_II_Wojny_%C5%9Awiatowej_w_Gda%C5%84sku
  - 240 stanowisk multimedialnych, 2,5 tysiąca eksponatów. Muzeum II Wojny Światowej otwarte (TVN24, 2017-03-23): https://tvn24.pl/pomorze/gdansk-muzeum-ii-wojny-swiatowej-otwarte-ra725769-2452247
  - W czwartek otwarcie Muzeum II Wojny Światowej w Gdańsku (dzieje.pl (PAP), 2017-03): https://dzieje.pl/aktualnosci/w-czwartek-otwarcie-muzeum-ii-wojny-swiatowej-w-gdansku

## POLIN Museum of the History of Polish Jews in Warsaw
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/muzeum-polin
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 320 mln PLN | Investor: Ministerstwo Kultury i Dziedzictwa Narodowego, m.st. Warszawa oraz Stowarzyszenie Żydowski Instytut Historyczny (partnerstwo publiczno-prywatne)
Timeline: announced 2005-01-25, started 2009, delivered 2014-10-28
Outcome: delivered
Description: A historical museum in Warsaw's Muranów district, at ul. Mordechaja Anielewicza 6, dedicated to the thousand-year history of Polish Jews. The institution was established under an agreement signed on 25 January 2005 by the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage, the Capital City of Warsaw and the Association of the Jewish Historical Institute — as one of the first public-private partnerships in culture in Poland. The building, designed by a team of Finnish architects led by Rainer Mahlamäki, was erected between 2009 and 2013; the building was opened to the public on 19 April 2013, and the permanent exhibition "1000 Years of the History of Polish Jews" was ceremonially opened on 28 October 2014. The total cost of constructing the building, its fit-out and creating the permanent exhibition amounted to approximately PLN 320 million: the Capital City of Warsaw and the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage each contributed PLN 90 million to the building, while the Association of the Jewish Historical Institute — thanks to over 500 donors from around the world — financed the permanent exhibition.
Significance: The POLIN Museum was one of the first large cultural institutions in Poland built on a public-private partnership model: the building was financed from public funds (PLN 90 million each from the Capital City of Warsaw and the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage), and the permanent exhibition — from donations of the Association of the Jewish Historical Institute supported by over 500 donors from around the world. Opened on 28 October 2014 by the presidents of Poland Bronisław Komorowski and of Israel Reuven Rivlin, the permanent exhibition "1000 Years of the History of Polish Jews" made the museum the main institution documenting the history of the Jewish community in Poland. In 2016 POLIN received the title of European Museum of the Year (EMYA).
Sources:
  - Muzeum Historii Żydów Polskich Polin (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muzeum_Historii_%C5%BByd%C3%B3w_Polskich_Polin
  - Darczyńcy Muzeum Historii Żydów Polskich spotkali się w Warszawie (dzieje.pl (PAP), 2014-10-27): https://dzieje.pl/aktualnosci/darczyncy-muzeum-historii-zydow-polskich-spotkali-sie-w-warszawie
  - Emya 2016 goes to Warsaw's Polin Museum (Museums Association (Museums Journal), 2016-04-13): https://www.museumsassociation.org/museums-journal/news/2016/04/13042016-emya-goes-to-warsaw-polin-museum/

## Museum of Modern Art in Warsaw — new headquarters
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/muzeum-sztuki-nowoczesnej-w-warszawie-nowa-siedziba
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 652 mln PLN | Investor: Miasto stołeczne Warszawa
Timeline: started 2019, planned 2024, delivered 2024-10-25
Outcome: delivered, delayed, over budget
Description: The new, free-standing headquarters of the Museum of Modern Art in Warsaw at ul. Marszałkowska 103, on the northern side of Plac Defilad, next to the Palace of Culture and Science. The building, with an area of approximately 20,000 m² (including over 4,500 m² of exhibition space), with four above-ground and two underground storeys, was designed by the New York studio Thomas Phifer and Partners; it has a distinctive facade of white architectural concrete coloured throughout. The construction, carried out from 2019, was financed entirely from the funds of the Capital City of Warsaw, and the facility was opened to the public on 25 October 2024. The Supreme Audit Office (NIK) assessed the city's oversight of the investment negatively, pointing to multi-year delays and cost increases — from the originally assumed approximately PLN 270 million to over PLN 652 million.
Significance: The investment gave the Museum of Modern Art its first own, permanent headquarters after years of operating in temporary locations and became an element of the new centre of Warsaw around Plac Defilad. At the same time, it became an example of a difficult, multi-year investment process: construction dragged on through more than a dozen years of preparations, and the final cost of over PLN 652 million exceeded the original estimates by over PLN 382 million, which the Supreme Audit Office linked to a lack of proper oversight by the city, including the conclusion of contracts without full title to the land. NIK also pointed out that, owing to unfavourable provisions in the contract with architect Christian Kerez, it was not possible to enforce contractual penalties with interest of over PLN 8 million. The facility itself, however, enjoys high attendance: in less than 10 months from opening (up to August 2025), the new headquarters was visited by nearly 600,000 guests.
Sources:
  - Kontrola NIK w Muzeum Sztuki Nowoczesnej. Koszt budowy był prawie 2 razy większy niż planowano (Bankier.pl, 2026-01): https://www.bankier.pl/wiadomosc/Kontrola-NIK-w-Muzeum-Sztuki-Nowoczesnej-Koszt-budowy-byl-prawie-2-razy-wiekszy-niz-planowano-8890682.html
  - Wielkie otwarcie Muzeum Sztuki Nowoczesnej w Warszawie (Architektura-Murator, 2024-10-24): https://architektura.muratorplus.pl/realizacje/wielkie-otwarcie-muzeum-sztuki-nowoczesnej-w-warszawie-thomas-phifer-rafal-trzaskowski-i-joanna-mytkowska-zapraszaja-do-korzystania-z-obiektu-aa-eQ79-sYij-o7Rj.html
  - Budowa Muzeum Sztuki Nowoczesnej (Urząd m.st. Warszawy): https://um.warszawa.pl/-/budowa-muzeum-sztuki-nowoczesnej
  - Kontrolerzy NIK prześwietlili budowę Muzeum Sztuki Nowoczesnej. Negatywna ocena dla ratusza (TVN Warszawa (tvn24.pl), 2026-01-27): https://tvn24.pl/tvnwarszawa/srodmiescie/warszawa-kontrolerzy-nik-przeswietlili-budowe-muzeum-sztuki-nowoczesnej-negatywna-ocena-dla-ratusza-st8870641
  - Nowy budynek — Muzeum Sztuki Nowoczesnej w Warszawie (Muzeum Sztuki Nowoczesnej w Warszawie): https://artmuseum.pl/pl/muzeum/nowy-budynek
  - Muzeum Sztuki Nowoczesnej w Warszawie: ile kosztowało? Jedna liczba, dwie definicje i skąd biorą się rozbieżności (muzeabezbarier.pl): https://muzeabezbarier.pl/muzeum-sztuki-nowoczesnej-w-warszawie-ile-kosztowalo-i-dlaczego-ludzie-podaja-rozne-kwoty/
  - Muzeum Sztuki Nowoczesnej — Nowe Centrum Warszawy (Urząd m.st. Warszawy): https://um.warszawa.pl/waw/nowe-centrum-warszawy/muzeum-sztuki-nowoczesnej
  - Rekordowa popularność Muzeum Sztuki Nowoczesnej (Urząd m.st. Warszawy, 2025-08-22): https://um.warszawa.pl/-/rekordowa-popularnosc-muzeum-sztuki-nowoczesnej
  - Muzeum Sztuki Nowoczesnej ujawnia plany na 2026 rok (PropertyDesign.pl, 2026-01-12): https://www.propertydesign.pl/design/185/muzeum_sztuki_nowoczesnej_ujawnia_plany_na_2026_rok,53073.html

## National Ammunition Reserve (multi-year government programme)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/narodowa-rezerwa-amunicyjna
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 14.0 bn PLN | Investor: Agencja Uzbrojenia (Ministerstwo Obrony Narodowej)
Timeline: announced 2023-03-29, planned 2029
Description: The National Ammunition Reserve is a multi-year government programme established by Resolution No. 43 of the Council of Ministers of 29 March 2023, aimed at expanding and diversifying the domestic base for producing multi-calibre ammunition (primarily 155 mm artillery ammunition) and rebuilding ammunition reserves. The programme combines ammunition procurement with investment in the manufacturing capacity of the Polish defence industry; according to press reports, approx. PLN 12 billion has been earmarked for procurement and a further approx. PLN 2 billion for investment. On the ministry side, implementation is the responsibility of the Armament Agency, and the programme is carried out by the PGZ-Amunicja consortium (including Dezamet in Nowa Dęba, Mesko, and Nitro-Chem). The framework agreement covers the period up to 2029. In May 2026, another contract for 155 mm ammunition worth more than PLN 13.5 billion net was signed in Nowa Dęba, financed from the EU's SAFE instrument.
Significance: The programme is intended to increase Poland's ammunition independence and rebuild strategic reserves of shells, in particular 155 mm artillery rounds for the Krab and K9 howitzers. It envisages a multi-fold increase in domestic production capacity — from several tens of thousands of units per year to a target of more than 150 thousand units per year in the second half of the decade — as well as diversification of supply by engaging several Polish defence-industry plants grouped in the PGZ-Amunicja consortium. Its implementation is intended to strengthen the country's defence capabilities and industrial base amid heightened threat following Russia's aggression against Ukraine.
Sources:
  - Więcej amunicji dla polskich haubic finansowanych z programu SAFE (Ministerstwo Obrony Narodowej (gov.pl), 2026-05-30): https://www.gov.pl/web/obrona-narodowa/wiecej-amunicji-dla-polskich-haubic-finansowanych-z-programu-safe
  - Pierwsze posiedzenie Komitetu sterującego programu wieloletniego „Narodowa Rezerwa Amunicyjna” (Kancelaria Prezesa Rady Ministrów (gov.pl), 2023-04-20): https://www.gov.pl/web/premier/pierwsze-posiedzenie-komitetu-sterujacego-programu-wieloletniego-narodowa-rezerwa-amunicyjna
  - Narodowa Rezerwa Amunicyjna to początek drogi [OPINIA] (Defence24): https://defence24.pl/sily-zbrojne/narodowa-rezerwa-amunicyjna-to-poczatek-drogi-opinia
  - MON wyjaśnia wątpliwości narodowego programu amunicyjnego (ZBiAM): https://zbiam.pl/mon-wyjasnia-watpliwosci-narodowego-programu-amunicyjnego/
  - To może być strategiczny przełom w budowie amunicyjnej niezależności Polski (WNP.pl): https://www.wnp.pl/bezpieczenstwo/to-moze-byc-strategiczny-przelom-w-budowie-amunicyjnej-niezaleznosci-polski,961725.html

## New Campus of the University Hospital in Krakow (Prokocim)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/nowa-siedziba-szpitala-uniwersyteckiego-w-krakowie-prokocim
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 1.2 bn PLN | Investor: Uniwersytet Jagielloński – Collegium Medicum
Timeline: started 2015, planned 2019-05, delivered 2019
Outcome: delivered, delayed
Description: The new campus of the University Hospital in Krakow is a hospital complex built in the Prokocim district, ranked among the largest of its kind in Poland. On a site of nearly 15 hectares, a group of medical buildings was erected housing approximately 925 beds, clinical departments, specialist outpatient clinics, and an integrated operating suite with 24 rooms. The investor was Jagiellonian University – Collegium Medicum; the construction contract was signed in January 2015, and the official opening took place on 29 October 2019. The total cost exceeded PLN 1.2 billion, of which PLN 800 million came from the state budget.
Significance: Relocating and centralising the clinics on a modern campus in Prokocim replaced dispersed, partly historic buildings in the centre of Krakow, increasing the region's bed base and its diagnostic and treatment capabilities. The facility became one of the largest and most modern hospital investments in Poland and a point of reference for subsequent major healthcare projects.
Sources:
  - Kraków: otwarcie siedziby Szpitala Uniwersyteckiego (inzynieria.com, 2019-10-29): https://inzynieria.com/budownictwo/wiadomosci/56951,krakow-otwarcie-siedziby-szpitala-uniwersyteckiego
  - Nowa siedziba Szpitala Uniwersyteckiego w Krakowie. "To najnowocześniejszy szpital" (RMF24, 2019-10-29): https://www.rmf24.pl/zdrowie/news-nowa-siedziba-szpitala-uniwersyteckiego-w-krakowie-to-najnow,nId,3306234
  - Otwarcie nowej siedziby Szpitala Uniwersyteckiego w Krakowie (Magiczny Kraków (krakow.pl), 2019-10-29): https://krakow.pl/aktualnosci/234426,202,komunikat,otwarcie_nowej_siedziby_szpitala_uniwersyteckiego_w_krakowie.html
  - Szpital Uniwersytecki Collegium Medicum Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego w Krakowie-Prokocimiu (Warbud) (Przegląd Budowlany, 2018-10): https://www.przegladbudowlany.pl/2018/10/2018-10-PB-11-SPONS-Warbud.pdf
  - Nowa Siedziba Szpitala Uniwersyteckiego Kraków-Prokocim (Ministerstwo Zdrowia (gov.pl)): https://www.gov.pl/web/zdrowie/nowa-siedziba-szpitala-uniwersyteckiego-krakow-prokocim
  - Nowa siedziba Szpitala Uniwersyteckiego Kraków-Prokocim (Uniwersytet Jagielloński – Collegium Medicum): https://nssu.cm-uj.krakow.pl/typ/historia/
  - O nas – Szpital Uniwersytecki w Krakowie (Szpital Uniwersytecki w Krakowie, 2026): https://www.su.krakow.pl/nasz-szpital/o-nas

## New Łódź Fabryczna Station (with multimodal hub)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/nowy-dworzec-lodz-fabryczna-z-wezlem-multimodalnym
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 1.8 bn PLN | Investor: Polskie Koleje Państwowe S.A.
Timeline: delivered 2016-12-11
Outcome: delivered, delayed
Description: The reconstruction of Łódź Fabryczna station into an underground, multi-level railway station integrated with a multimodal hub combining suburban and long-distance rail, bus, urban transport, and car traffic. Four platforms were placed underground, and the facility was designed as a through station for the future cross-city tunnel and the planned high-speed rail network. The station was cleared for operation in December 2016.
Significance: The largest underground multimodal station of its kind in Poland, integrating rail, long-distance bus, urban transport, and car traffic in a single facility in the centre of Łódź. The facility remains a terminus until the completion of the cross-city tunnel connecting Łódź Fabryczna with the Łódź Kaliska and Łódź Żabieniec stations, whose opening has been repeatedly delayed; only after it is put into service will the station begin to function as a through station and fully use the infrastructure it was designed for.
Sources:
  - Dworzec Łódź Fabryczna oficjalnie otwarty. Inwestycja kosztowała 1,75 mld zł (Gazeta Prawna, 2016-12-11): https://www.gazetaprawna.pl/biznes/transport/wideo/11100930,dworzec-lodz-fabryczna-oficjalnie-otwarty-inwestycja-kosztowala-175-mld-zl.html
  - Łódź Fabryczna railway station (Wikipedia): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%81%C3%B3d%C5%BA_Fabryczna_railway_station
  - Pierwszy pociąg wjechał na Łódź Fabryczną. Wielkie otwarcie dworca (TVN24, 2016-12-11): https://tvn24.pl/polska/pierwszy-pociag-wjechal-na-lodz-fabryczna-wielkie-otwarcie-dworca-ra698826-ls3197939
  - Łódzki tunel średnicowy. Jest opóźnienie, bez pociągów w 2026 roku (Rynek Kolejowy): https://www.rynek-kolejowy.pl/wiadomosci/lodzki-tunel-srednicowy-121087.html
  - Łódź Fabryczna: Inwestycja wielkich nadziei i problemów (Rynek Kolejowy): https://www.rynek-kolejowy.pl/wiadomosci/lodz-fabryczna-inwestycja-wielkich-nadziei-i-problemow-78673.html
  - O Dworcu Łódź Fabryczna (Urząd Miasta Łodzi): https://uml.lodz.pl/komunikacja-i-transport/dworzec-autobusowy-lodz-fabryczna/o-dworcu-lodz-fabryczna/
  - ŁKA: Trzy łódzkie dworce na podium wg liczby pasażerów (Rynek Kolejowy): https://www.rynek-kolejowy.pl/wiadomosci/lka-trzy-lodzkie-dworce-na-podium-wg-liczby-pasazerow-117172.html
  - Łódź Fabryczna najpopularniejszą stacją w 2024 roku! Statystyki ŁKA nie pozostawiają złudzeń (ŁÓDŹ.PL): https://lodz.pl/artykul/lodz-fabryczna-najpopularniejsza-stacja-w-2024-roku-statystki-lka-nie-pozostawiaja-zludzen-65591/
  - Łódzki tunel średnicowy. Kiedy koniec prac? Za nieco ponad rok (Rynek Kolejowy, 2025-05-30): https://www.rynek-kolejowy.pl/wiadomosci/lodzki-tunel-srednicowy-kiedy-koniec-prac-123429.html

## New District Hospital in Nysa (outside the flood zone)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/nowy-szpital-powiatowy-nysa
Status: planned | Stage: — | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): n/a | Investor: Powiat Nyski (Zespół Opieki Zdrowotnej w Nysie); dofinansowanie: Ministerstwo Zdrowia
Timeline: announced 2025-05, planned 2028
Description: The new district hospital in Nysa is to replace the existing facility of the Healthcare Complex, which was completely destroyed by flooding in September 2024. The modern facility will be built on safe ground not at risk of flooding in Jędrzychów on ul. Otmuchowska and will house approx. 380 beds across 12 departments, with a helipad, operating suites, and a shelter. The Ministry of Health has secured PLN 500 million from the state budget for the investment; according to the district authorities, the total cost of the undertaking is expected to be higher than the secured funding. The facility is scheduled to open and admit its first patients in the second half of 2028. Methodological note: the record's cost remains unstated in the aggregate, because PLN 500 million is the funding pool secured by the Ministry of Health (a lower bound), and the full value of the investment has not yet been officially disclosed.
Significance: The investment restores key healthcare infrastructure of the Nysa district after the 2024 flood, relocating the hospital outside the flood zone. The new facility with 12 departments, approx. 380 beds, operating suites, a shelter, and a helipad for the Air Ambulance Service is intended to ensure continuity of care for the region's residents and the facility's resilience to future floods.
Sources:
  - Nowy szpital w dotkniętym powodzią powiecie nyskim (Ministerstwo Zdrowia (gov.pl), 2025-05): https://www.gov.pl/web/zdrowie/nowy-szpital-w-dotknietym-powodzia-powiecie-nyskim
  - 500 milionów złotych na nowy szpital w Nysie (Starostwo Powiatowe w Nysie, 2025-05): https://powiat.nysa.pl/aktualnosc-10060-500_milionow_zlotych_na_nowy_szpital_w.html
  - Nysa. Rząd sfinansuje nowy szpital. W budżecie zagwarantowano pół miliarda złotych (TVN24, 2025-05): https://tvn24.pl/opole/nysa-rzad-sfinansuje-nowy-szpital-w-budzecie-zagwarantowano-pol-miliarda-zlotych-st8454207
  - Nysa będzie mieć nowy szpital powiatowy. Stanie na terenach niezagrożonych powodzią (Rynek Zdrowia, 2025-05): https://www.rynekzdrowia.pl/Finanse-i-zarzadzanie/Nysa-bedzie-miec-nowy-szpital-powiatowy-Stanie-na-terenach-niezagrozonych-powodzia,271341,1.html
  - Nysa zbuduje szpital na miarę XXI wieku. Co wiadomo o inwestycji? (Alert Medyczny, 2025): https://alertmedyczny.pl/nysa-zbuduje-szpital-na-miare-xxi-wieku-co-wiadomo-o-inwestycji/

## Warsaw Agglomeration Ring Road (A50/S50)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/obwodnica-aglomeracji-warszawskiej-a50-s50
Status: planned | Stage: announced | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 18.4 bn PLN | Investor: Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad (GDDKiA)
Timeline: announced 2021-01-26, planned 2035
Description: A planned outer road ring around the entire Warsaw agglomeration, made up of two routes: the A50 motorway (southern part, approx. 98 km) and the S50 expressway (northern part, approx. 165 km), with a total length of approx. 263 km in the preferred variant. The investment is being prepared by GDDKiA; in 2021 it was designated as an investment accompanying the Central Communication Port and is intended to divert transit traffic away from Warsaw. The route is at an early stage of preparation — following the corridor study, project documentation (STEŚ) is being commissioned for successive sections. The estimated cost was put at approx. PLN 7.5 billion for the A50 and approx. PLN 10.9 billion for the S50 (together approx. PLN 18.4 billion). Ultimately, the entire route is intended to be available by 2035, with the first segments around the turn of 2027 and 2028.
Significance: The Warsaw Agglomeration Ring Road would be the longest road ring in Poland (approx. 263 km) and the capital's second, outer ring road — distinct from the existing inner Warsaw Southern Ring Road (S2). Its purpose is to take over transit traffic bypassing Warsaw and to connect the planned Central Communication Port with the national road network. Given its scale (approx. PLN 18 billion for the A50 and S50 routes alone), the early stage of preparation, and shifting political conditions, its realisation remains uncertain; the first segments could be built at the earliest around the turn of 2027 and 2028.
Sources:
  - Obwodnica Aglomeracji Warszawskiej na mapie drogowej w 2035 r. Mapy z wariantami jej przebiegu (conadrogach.pl): https://conadrogach.pl/informacje/obwodnica-aglomeracji-warszawskiej-na-mapie-drogowej-w-2035-r-mapy-z-wariantami-jej-przebiegu.html
  - S10 i Obwodnica Aglomeracji Warszawskiej – podsumowanie spotkań z samorządami (Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad (GDDKiA), 2021-01): https://www.archiwum.gddkia.gov.pl/pl/a/40773/S10-i-Obwodnica-Aglomeracji-Warszawskiej-podsumowanie-spotkan-z-samorzadami
  - Studium korytarzowe – Obwodnica Aglomeracji Warszawskiej (Droga S50/A50) (Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad (GDDKiA), 2021-01-26): https://www.archiwum.gddkia.gov.pl/frontend/web/userfiles/articles/s/s10-i-obwodnica-aglomeracji-wars_40773/SK%20Droga%20S50_OAW.pdf
  - 11 ofert na projekt kolejnego odcinka Obwodnicy Aglomeracji Warszawskiej (Inzynieria.com, 2026-02-26): https://inzynieria.com/drogi/drogi_ekspresowe_w_polsce/wiadomosci/99840,11-ofert-na-projekt-kolejnego-odcinka-obwodnicy-aglomeracji-warszawskiej

## Tri-City Metropolitan Ring Road (S6)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/obwodnica-metropolitalna-trojmiasta-s6
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 2.9 bn PLN | Investor: Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad (GDDKiA)
Timeline: planned 2025, delivered 2025-12-23
Outcome: delivered, delayed, over budget
Description: A new dual-carriageway expressway approx. 32 km long, forming an outer ring road for the Tri-City agglomeration along the Chwaszczyno–Żukowo–Gdańsk Południe junction route. It connects the Kashubian Route (S6) with the Southern Gdańsk Ring Road (S7). The investment was carried out by GDDKiA; the first, 16-km Chwaszczyno–Żukowo section was made available to drivers in June 2025, and the entire route was opened to traffic in December 2025.
Significance: The route relieves the existing Tri-City Ring Road, taking over part of the transit traffic and improving connections within the metropolitan area and with the Kashubia region. It is ultimately intended to take over approx. 30 percent of the traffic of the existing ring road, connecting the S6 (Kashubian Route) with the S7 (Southern Gdańsk Ring Road).
Sources:
  - Budujemy S6 i Obwodnicę Metropolii Trójmiejskiej (GDDKiA Oddział Gdańsk, 2024-06-12): https://www.gov.pl/web/gddkia-gdansk/budujemy-s6-i-obwodnice-metropolii-trojmiejskiej
  - Otwarcie Obwodnicy Metropolitalnej. Ma być luźniej na starej obwodnicy (Trojmiasto.pl, 2025-06-16): https://www.trojmiasto.pl/wiadomosci/Otwarcie-Obwodnicy-Metropolitalnej-Ma-byc-luzniej-na-starej-obwodnicy-n204578.html
  - Obwodnica Metropolii Trójmiejskiej - coraz bliżej otwarcia (GDDKiA Oddział Gdańsk, 2025-05): https://www.gov.pl/web/gddkia-gdansk/obwodnica-metropolii-trojmiejskiej---coraz-blizej-otwarcia
  - Obwodnica Metropolitalna Trójmiasta już w pełni przejezdna. "Bezpieczniej, szybciej i punktualnie" (Radio Gdańsk, 2025-12-23): https://radiogdansk.pl/wiadomosci/2025/12/23/obwodnica-metropolitalna-trojmiasta-juz-w-pelni-przejezdna-bezpieczniej-szybciej-i-punktualnie/
  - Trasa Gdańsk Południe - Żukowo już otwarta. Wszystkim ułatwia życie (Gdansk.pl, 2025-12-23): https://www.gdansk.pl/wiadomosci/Otwarcie-OMT-na-odcinku-Gdansk-Poludnie-Zukowo,a,302353
  - Ile pojazdów korzysta z nowej obwodnicy? Są pierwsze pomiary ruchu (Trojmiasto.pl, 2026-03-11): https://www.trojmiasto.pl/wiadomosci/Ile-pojazdow-korzysta-z-nowej-obwodnicy-Sa-pierwsze-pomiary-ruchu-n215968.html
  - Czy Obwodnica Metropolitalna odkorkuje S6? (Trojmiasto.pl, 2025-12-01): https://www.trojmiasto.pl/wiadomosci/Czy-Obwodnica-Metropolitalna-odkorkuje-S6-n211216.html
  - Obwodnica Metropolitalna - kiedy otwarcie? Będzie duży poślizg. Wykonawca chce więcej czasu (Trojmiasto.pl, 2025-07-31): https://www.trojmiasto.pl/moto/Obwodnica-Metropolitalna-kiedy-otwarcie-Bedzie-duzy-poslizg-n206399.html
  - Budowa Obwodnicy Metropolitalnej droższa o ponad 300 mln zł przez wojnę na Ukrainie (Trojmiasto.pl, 2025-05-05): https://www.trojmiasto.pl/wiadomosci/Budowa-Obwodnicy-Metropolitalnej-drozsza-o-ponad-300-mln-zl-przez-wojne-na-Ukrainie-n202450.html

## Złoczew Open-Pit Mine (lignite for Bełchatów)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/odkrywka-zloczew-wegiel-brunatny-dla-belchatowa
Status: cancelled | Stage: permits | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): n/a | Investor: PGE Górnictwo i Energetyka Konwencjonalna
Timeline: n/a
Outcome: abandoned
Description: A planned open-pit lignite mine at the Złoczew deposit in Łódzkie Voivodeship was to supply raw material to the Bełchatów power plant, located approx. 50 km away, once the plant's own reserves were exhausted. The project by PGE, which had for years drawn opposition from residents and environmental organisations, was never realised: on 7 January 2025 the Minister of Climate and Environment refused to grant a mining concession, finding the undertaking permanently unprofitable.
Significance: Abandoning the open-pit mine means leaving in the ground documented lignite reserves estimated at several hundred million tonnes and ending a decade-plus period of uncertainty for the residents of the Złoczew, Burzenin, Ostrówek, and Lututów municipalities, where the investment threatened resettlement. The decision fits into the progressive phase-out of lignite-based power generation in the Bełchatów area.
Reason for failure: On 7 January 2025, the Minister of Climate and Environment, acting as the concession-granting authority, refused PGE Górnictwo i Energetyka Konwencjonalna a concession to extract lignite from the Złoczew deposit, finding its exploitation permanently unprofitable. The decision ended years of efforts to open the mine, which was to supply the Bełchatów power plant.
Sources:
  - Minister klimatu odmówił koncesji na wydobycie węgla brunatnego ze złoża Złoczew (Bankier.pl, 2025-01-16): https://www.bankier.pl/wiadomosc/Minister-klimatu-odmowil-koncesji-na-wydobycie-wegla-brunatnego-ze-zloza-Zloczew-8877195.html
  - Kopalnia Złoczew bez koncesji na wydobycie węgla! „To już przeszłość, której nie zmienimy” (Kulisy.net, 2025-01-20): https://kulisy.net/artykul/kopalnia-zloczew-bez-n1480501
  - Kapitulacja PGE: kopalnia Złoczew nie powstanie (Greenpeace Polska): https://www.greenpeace.org/poland/aktualnosci/30130/kapitulacja-pge-kopalnia-zloczew-nie-powstanie-wielkie-zwyciestwo-mieszkancow-i-organizacji-ekologicznych/
  - Kopalnia Złoczew nie powstanie, ale region zostaje jej zakładnikiem (Farmer.pl, 2021-03-24): https://www.farmer.pl/energia/energia-konwencjonalna/kopalnia-zloczew-nie-powstanie-ale-region-zostaje-jej-zakladnikiem,105373.html
  - Kopalnia Złoczew nie powstanie. GDOŚ nie pozostawił suchej nitki na raporcie PGE (Greenpeace Polska): https://www.greenpeace.org/poland/aktualnosci/30558/kopalnia-zloczew-nie-powstanie-gdos-nie-pozostawil-suchej-nitki-na-raporcie-pge/
  - Górnicy z PGE chcieli nowej odkrywki. Ministerstwo podjęło decyzję (DDBełchatów, 2024-09-25): https://ddbelchatow.pl/wydarzenia/gornicy-z-pge-chcieli-nowej-odkrywki-ministerstwo-podjelo-decyzje/tKXQflZVNygHqAAD9SmS

## Olefins III / Nowa Chemia (petrochemical complex in Płock)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/olefiny-iii-nowa-chemia
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 35.8 bn PLN | Investor: ORLEN S.A.
Timeline: started 2021-06, planned 2030
Outcome: delayed, restructured
Description: An expansion of the petrochemical complex at the ORLEN Production Plant in Płock. The original Olefins III project (construction contract signed in June 2021, budget PLN 13.5 billion, completion set for Q1 2024) was halted in December 2024, when the company estimated the actual cost of the full scope at approx. PLN 45–51 billion; by that point PLN 12.6 billion in outlays had been incurred. Work is continuing in a redesigned formula under the name Nowa Chemia: in April 2026 a budget of PLN 35.8 billion was approved (including PLN 4.6 billion in financing costs), with completion of the olefins unit at a target capacity of 740 thousand tonnes of ethylene per year in 2029 and full start-up in 2030.
Significance: One of the largest petrochemical investments in Europe as announced at the time of its launch, and ORLEN's largest petrochemical project. Target production of 740 thousand tonnes of ethylene per year is intended, from around 2030, to take over the functions of the unit currently operating as part of Olefins II and to strengthen the production potential of the Płock plant. The project is at the same time the leading Polish example of megaproject cost escalation: from PLN 13.5 billion under the 2021 contract, through PLN 25 billion in 2023, to estimates of PLN 45–51 billion for the full original scope, which led to the halting of Olefins III and a reduction of scope to a budget of PLN 35.8 billion.
Reason for failure: The original Olefins III project was halted in December 2024 with the approval of ORLEN's supervisory board, after the company estimated that the actual cost of completion under the existing scope would amount to up to approx. PLN 51 billion; PLN 12.6 billion in capital expenditure had been incurred by the time of the halt. The infrastructure already built was incorporated into the redesigned Nowa Chemia project, whose budget and schedule were approved in April 2026.
Sources:
  - Zaktualizowany budżet projektu Nowa Chemia (raport bieżący nr 13/2026) (ORLEN S.A., 2026-04-15): https://www.orlen.pl/pl/relacje-inwestorskie/raporty-i-publikacje/raporty-biezace/2026/02/Raport-biezacy-nr-13-2026
  - Nowa Chemia szybciej, sprawniej i taniej. Inwestycja po raz pierwszy z realnym harmonogramem (ORLEN S.A., 2026-04-15): https://www.orlen.pl/pl/o-firmie/media/komunikaty-prasowe/biezace/2026/kwieciec-2026/nowa-chemia-szybciej-sprawniej-i-taniej-inwestycja-po-raz-pierwszy-z-realnym-harmonogramem
  - Nowa Chemia — kluczowe projekty ORLEN (ORLEN S.A.): https://www.orlen.pl/pl/o-firmie/kluczowe-projekty/nowa-chemia
  - Orlen zatrzymał inwestycję Olefiny III (Polska Agencja Prasowa, 2024-12-11): https://www.pap.pl/aktualnosci/orlen-zatrzymal-inwestycje-olefiny-iii-2
  - Dwa scenariusze inwestycji petrochemicznej ORLEN w Płocku (ORLEN S.A., 2024-11-06): https://www.orlen.pl/pl/o-firmie/media/komunikaty-prasowe/biezace/2024/Pazdziernik-2024/Dwa-scenariusze-inwestycji-petrochemicznej-ORLEN-w-Plocku
  - Orlen dopłaci miliardy i ma kilkuletnie opóźnienia (Parkiet, 2023-06-29): https://www.parkiet.com/surowce-i-paliwa/art38678261-orlen-doplaci-miliardy-i-ma-kilkuletnie-opoznienia
  - Orlen wstrzymuje flagową inwestycję Obajtka. Czym miały być Olefiny III? (money.pl, 2024-12-11): https://www.money.pl/gospodarka/orlen-wstrzymuje-flagowa-inwestycje-obajtka-czym-mialy-byc-olefiny-iii-7102084258089632a.html

## Orlen Olefiny III (original scope)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/orlen-olefiny-iii-pierwotny-zakres
Status: superseded | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 51.0 bn PLN | Investor: ORLEN S.A.
Timeline: n/a
Outcome: over budget, restructured, abandoned, written off
Description: Olefiny III is ORLEN's petrochemical megaproject in Płock, intended to expand the country's olefin and plastics production capacity. Originally priced at PLN 8.3 billion, its cost estimate rose many times over after successive revisions. In December 2024 ORLEN's management board halted the investment in its existing scope, indicating that the actual cost of carrying it out, together with the necessary infrastructure, would reach as much as PLN 51 billion. The company plans to use the infrastructure already built as a base for a redefined project called Nowa Chemia.
Significance: Halting the investment in its original scope closed one of the largest and most expensive industrial projects planned in Poland this decade. ORLEN justified the decision as protecting the company from further losses stemming from the underestimation of the investment's scope, its delivery time, and financing costs. The infrastructure built to date is to serve as a base for the successor project Nowa Chemia, which around 2030 is to take over the functions of the installation currently operating as part of Olefiny II.
Reason for failure: In December 2024 ORLEN halted the Olefiny III project in its original scope. The reason cited was underestimation of the investment's scope, the time needed for delivery, and financing costs: the estimated actual cost of delivery together with the necessary infrastructure rose from the original PLN 8.3 billion to as much as PLN 51 billion. The infrastructure built to date was designated as a base for the redefined Nowa Chemia project.
Sources:
  - ORLEN zatrzymuje nietrafioną inwestycję Olefiny III (ORLEN, 2024-12-11): https://www.orlen.pl/pl/o-firmie/media/komunikaty-prasowe/biezace/2024/Grudzien-2024/orlen-zatrzymuje-nietrafiona-inwestycje-olefiny-iii
  - Orlen zatrzymuje inwestycję Olefiny III. Miało być 8 mld złotych, jest ponad 50 (Bankier.pl, 2024-12-11): https://www.bankier.pl/wiadomosc/Orlen-zatrzymuje-inwestycje-Olefiny-III-infrastruktura-baza-do-projektu-Nowa-Chemia-8859551.html
  - Gigaprojekt urósł do 51 mld zł. Orlen rozwiązuje spółkę (Money.pl, 2025-12-23): https://www.money.pl/gospodarka/orlen-rozwiazuje-spolke-olefiny-odpowiadala-za-gigaprojekt-7235621635754976a.html
  - Orlen uprzedza przed możliwym odpisem w kwocie 1,5 mld zł. Chodzi m.in. o Olefiny III (money.pl, 2025-10-28): https://www.money.pl/gospodarka/orlen-uprzedza-przed-mozliwym-odpisem-w-kwocie-1-5-mld-zl-chodzi-m-in-o-olefiny-iii-7215836770507360a.html
  - ORLEN SA (13/2026) Zaktualizowany budżet projektu Nowa Chemia (PAP Biznes, 2026-04-15): https://biznes.pap.pl/wiadomosci/firmy/orlen-sa-132026-zaktualizowany-budzet-projektu-nowa-chemia

## Reconstruction of the Saski Palace, the Brühl Palace and the tenement houses on Królewska Street
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/palac-saski
Status: under construction | Stage: permits | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 2.5 bn PLN | Investor: Pałac Saski sp. z o.o.
Timeline: announced 2018, planned 2030
Outcome: delayed
Description: A government project to reconstruct the western frontage of Piłsudski Square in Warsaw (Mazowieckie Voivodeship): the Saski Palace, the neighbouring Brühl Palace, and the tenement houses on Królewska Street, destroyed during the Second World War. The investment is being carried out by the special-purpose company Pałac Saski sp. z o.o., established in December 2021, on the basis of a dedicated 2021 act. The whole was estimated in the act's justification at approx. PLN 2.45 billion, and by 2025 approx. PLN 85 million had been spent on preparatory works (archaeological research, documentation, an architectural competition won in 2023 by the WXCA studio). Despite declarations, construction has not started: there is no building permit and no signed design contract with WXCA, and the appellate authority only in February 2026 opened the way to obtaining the environmental decision. The Supreme Audit Office (NIK) pointed to the lack of a realistic cost estimate and schedule and to the risk of missing the deadline set for 31 December 2030. In 2026 the Ministry of Culture confirmed the continuation of the investment and denied reports of its termination.
Significance: The reconstruction is to recreate the historic development of the western frontage of Piłsudski Square, destroyed during the Second World War, and to close off the space around the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier; the buildings are to serve public functions. It would be the most expensive reconstruction in Warsaw since the rebuilding of the Royal Castle. The project remains politically contested — disputes concern costs, purposefulness, and the pace of work — and years of delays (the missing environmental decision, the unsigned contract with the designer, NIK's remarks) make the original 2030 deadline unrealistic. The Ministry of Culture described the investment as the symbolic end of Poland's postwar reconstruction.
Sources:
  - Gigantyczne pieniądze na odbudowę Pałacu Saskiego. Pierwsze pieniądze już w grudniu (Money.pl, 2021-12-01): https://www.money.pl/gospodarka/gigantyczna-pieniadze-na-odbudowe-palacu-saskiego-pierwsze-pieniadze-juz-w-grudniu-6710758071994976a.html
  - Co dalej z odbudową Pałacu Saskiego? Koszty rosną, termin się oddala (PropertyNews.pl, 2026-03-04): https://www.propertynews.pl/hotele/co-dalej-z-odbudowa-palacu-saskiego-koszty-rosna-termin-sie-oddala,196735.html
  - Kiedy odbudowa Pałacu Saskiego? 2030 rok coraz mniej realny (Forsal.pl, 2026-03-27): https://forsal.pl/gospodarka/inwestycje/artykuly/11222600,kiedy-odbudowa-palacu-saskiego-znamy-nowe-terminy.html
  - Odbudowa Pałacu Saskiego zagrożona? Tak mówi były minister. Rzecznik odpowiada (Architektura-Murator, 2026-06-24): https://architektura.muratorplus.pl/krytyka/palac-saski-pochlania-miliony-a-odbudowa-nie-rusza-co-sie-dzieje-rzecznik-odpowiada-aa-bQa5-TVY4-YGp3.html
  - Czy to koniec odbudowy Pałacu Saskiego? Resort kultury zabiera głos w sprawie wielkiej inwestycji (PropertyDesign.pl, 2026-06-24): https://www.propertydesign.pl/architektura/104/czy_to_koniec_odbudowy_palacu_saskiego_resort_kultury_zabiera_glos_w_sprawie_wielkiej_inwestycji,54895.html
  - Klamka zapadła, rusza odbudowa Pałacu Saskiego (Rzeczpospolita, 2026-07-15): https://www.rp.pl/spoleczenstwo/art42887871-klamka-zapadla-rusza-odbudowa-palacu-saskiego
  - O inwestycji (Pałac Saski sp. z o.o., 2026): https://palacsaski.pl/o-inwestycji

## Subcarpathian Centre of Children's Medicine (PCMD) in Rzeszów
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/pcmd-rzeszow-podkarpackie-centrum-medycyny-dzieciecej
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 763 mln PLN | Investor: Kliniczny Szpital Wojewódzki Nr 2 w Rzeszowie (Województwo Podkarpackie)
Timeline: started 2026-06, planned 2029-10
Description: The Subcarpathian Centre of Children's Medicine (PCMD) is a new, standalone children's hospital being built next to Clinical Provincial Hospital No. 2 on Lwowska Street in Rzeszów. The five-storey building with an area of over 34,000 m² is to house 195 beds (117 clinical, 63 day-care, and 15 intensive-care), as well as clinical wards, specialist outpatient clinics, operating suites, and a paediatric emergency department. The contract with the contractor — a consortium of Adamietz S.A. and Wodpol Sp. z o.o. — was signed on 23 June 2026, and the first construction works began in June 2026. The total value of the investment exceeds PLN 763 million, of which PLN 642.9 million is the construction works contract and nearly PLN 120 million is allocated to medical equipment. The investment, financed from local-government, EU, and national funds, is the largest medical undertaking in the history of the Podkarpackie Voivodeship. Completion of construction is planned for October 2029.
Significance: PCMD is to consolidate the hitherto dispersed paediatric care in the Podkarpackie region into a single modern, standalone children's hospital of over 34,000 m² and 195 beds, including 15 intensive-care beds. The building is planned to house clinical wards, specialist outpatient clinics (including new ones: genetics, otolaryngology, and obstetrics-gynaecology), operating suites, a paediatric emergency department, a blood bank, and an endoscopy laboratory. Described as the largest medical investment in the history of the Podkarpackie Voivodeship, the facility, valued at over PLN 763 million, is ultimately to provide children from the region with treatment at referral level, which until now has often required travel to centres in other voivodeships. Completion of construction is anticipated for October 2029.
Sources:
  - W Rzeszowie podpisano umowę na budowę Podkarpackiego Centrum Medycyny Dziecięcej (Rynek Zdrowia, 2026-06-23): https://www.rynekzdrowia.pl/Polityka-zdrowotna/W-Rzeszowie-podpisano-umowe-na-budowe-Podkarpackiego-Centrum-Medycyny-Dzieciecej,285787,14.html
  - Milowy krok dla zdrowia dzieci. Rusza budowa Podkarpackiego Centrum Medycyny Dziecięcej! Koszt - ponad 700 mln zł (Super Nowości 24, 2026-06-24): https://supernowosci24.pl/aktualnosci/milowy-krok-dla-zdrowia-dzieci-rusza-budowa-podkarpackiego-centrum-medycyny-dzieciecej-koszt-ponad-700-mln-zl/
  - Rusza największa inwestycja medyczna na Podkarpaciu. 760 mln zł na szpital dla dzieci w Rzeszowie (Carpatia Biznes, 2026-06-23): https://www.carpatiabiznes.pl/rusza-najwieksza-inwestycja-medyczna-na-podkarpaciu-760-mln-zl-na-szpital-dla-dzieci-w-rzeszowie/
  - Nowa inwestycja w Rzeszowie. Powstanie Podkarpackie Centrum Medycyny Dziecięcej (Polityka Zdrowotna, 2026-06-23): https://politykazdrowotna.com/artykul/nowa-inwestycja-w-rzeszowie-n2318582
  - Milowy krok do Podkarpackiego Centrum Medycyny Dziecięcej zrobiony (Województwo Podkarpackie (podkarpackie.pl), 2026-06): https://podkarpackie.pl/index.php/zdrowie/aktualnosci/milowy-krok-do-podkarpackiego-centrum-medycyny-dzieciecej-zrobiony

## Kosakowo Cavern Underground Gas Storage Facility
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/pmg-kosakowo-kawernowy-magazyn-gazu
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 514 mln PLN | Investor: PGNiG S.A. (operator: Gas Storage Poland)
Timeline: started 2007, planned 2021
Description: The Kosakowo Cavern Underground Gas Storage Facility (KPMG Kosakowo) is an underground natural gas storage facility located on the Gulf of Gdańsk, in the Pomorskie Voivodeship (Puck County, Kosakowo Commune). The gas is stored in caverns leached in the Permian bedded rock-salt deposit at Mechelinki, at a depth of approx. 1,000–1,200 m. The investor was PGNiG S.A., and the facility is operated by the special-purpose company Gas Storage Poland. Construction was carried out in stages from 2007; the first stage, co-financed from the EU Operational Programme Infrastructure and Environment 2007–2013, closed with a total project cost of approx. PLN 514 million (including over PLN 115 million of EU funding) and a working capacity of approx. 100 million m³, and the last caverns of this stage were handed over for trial operation on 22 December 2014. In subsequent years the complex was expanded (cluster B), increasing the working capacity to over 239 million m³; the project ultimately envisaged reaching approx. 250 million m³. It is one of two cavern gas storage facilities in Poland, with high injection and withdrawal flexibility.
Significance: KPMG Kosakowo is one of two cavern underground gas storage facilities in Poland and an important element of the energy security system in the north of the country, in the vicinity of the Gdańsk LNG/FSRU supply corridor. Storing gas in salt caverns provides greater flexibility of rapid injection and withdrawal of fuel — compared with depleted-reservoir storage facilities — which allows responding to peaks in demand and market fluctuations. The expansion of the complex increased the working capacity from approx. 100 million m³ in the EU-co-financed stage to over 239 million m³, raising the country's natural gas storage capacity.
Sources:
  - Magazyn gazu w Kosakowie przekazany do eksploatacji (Ministerstwo Funduszy i Polityki Regionalnej): https://www.funduszeunijne.gov.pl/strony/wiadomosci/magazyn-gazu-w-kosakowie-przekazany-do-eksploatacji/
  - Projekty budowy i rozbudowy magazynów gazu PGNiG wsparte z POIiŚ (Polska Izba Przemysłu Chemicznego (paliwa.pl)): http://www.paliwa.pl/strona-startowa/archiwum/projekty-budowy-i-rozbudowy-magazynow-gazu-pgnig-wsparte-z-poiis
  - Budowa Podziemnego Magazynu Gazu Kosakowo (Politechnika Warszawska - Inwestycje Energetyczne): https://inwestycjeenergetyczne.pw.edu.pl/inwestycja/budowa-podziemnego-magazynu-gazu-kosakowo/
  - URE: Koncesja magazynu gazu Kosakowo rozszerzona do pojemności 239 mln m3 (Money.pl, 2019-02-15): https://www.money.pl/gielda/ure-koncesja-magazynu-gazu-kosakowo-rozszerzona-do-pojemnosci-239-mln-m3-6349807549044354a.html

## Podłęże – Piekiełko: 58 km new railway line + modernisation of line 104 Chabówka – Nowy Sącz
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/podleze-piekielko-nowa-linia-kolejowa-58-km-modernizacja-lin
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 17.0 bn PLN | Investor: PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe S.A.
Timeline: planned 2030
Description: A comprehensive railway programme in Małopolska, comprising the construction of approx. 58 km of an entirely new railway line connecting Podłęże with Tymbark and Mszana Dolna, as well as the modernisation and electrification of approx. 75 km of the existing line No. 104 Chabówka – Nowy Sącz. The investor is PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe S.A., and delivery has been divided into many sections handed over in stages. On the new line, among other things, two tunnels (approx. 3.8 km and approx. 1 km) have been designed on the Szczyrzyc – Tymbark section, where works are to be completed by mid-2029. The first modernised section, Chabówka – Rabka Zaryte, was put into service in December 2025, and further stretches are under construction and in tender. The programme's aim is to shorten travel times from Krakow towards Podhale and the Nowy Sącz region. The total value of the investment is estimated at approx. PLN 17 billion, with completion of the whole planned by the end of 2030.
Significance: The Podłęże – Piekiełko programme is one of the largest railway investments currently under way in Poland and is set to fundamentally change transport accessibility in southern Małopolska. The new line and the modernised line No. 104 are to shorten rail travel times from Krakow towards Nowy Sącz and Podhale and, after years, to restore passenger traffic on some sections. The staged handover of stretches, starting with the Chabówka – Rabka Zaryte section in December 2025, gradually gives residents faster and electrified connections. The construction of Poland's longest railway tunnels on the Szczyrzyc – Tymbark route is one of the most technically demanding elements of the entire undertaking.
Sources:
  - Budowa linii Podłęże – Piekiełko się rozpędza. To będzie rewolucja (Rynek Kolejowy, 2026): https://www.rynek-kolejowy.pl/wiadomosci/budowa-linii-podleze--piekielko-sie-rozpedza-to-bedzie-rewolucja-142299.html
  - Kolejna umowa dla projektu Podłęże – Piekiełko podpisana (Ministerstwo Infrastruktury (gov.pl), 2026-03-12): https://www.gov.pl/web/infrastruktura/kolejna-umowa-dla-projektu-podleze---piekielko-podpisana
  - Powstanie pierwszy odcinek nowej linii kolejowej w ramach inwestycji „Podłęże-Piekiełko” (PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe S.A.): https://www.plk-sa.pl/o-spolce/biuro-prasowe/informacje-prasowe/szczegoly/powstanie-pierwszy-odcinek-nowej-linii-kolejowej-w-ramach-inwestycji-podleze-piekielko-11238
  - Zbudują najdłuższy tunel kolejowy w Polsce. Umowa na 2 mld zł podpisana (money.pl): https://www.money.pl/gospodarka/zbuduja-najdluzszy-tunel-kolejowy-w-polsce-umowa-na-2-mld-zl-podpisana-7208011297459104a.html
  - O inwestycji – Linia 104 i „Podłęże – Piekiełko” (PKP PLK / podleze-piekielko.pl): https://podleze-piekielko.pl/o-inwestycji/

## Deepening of the approach fairway and internal basins of the Port of Gdynia to 16 m
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/poglebienie-toru-podejsciowego-i-akwenow-wewnetrznych-portu
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 1.3 bn PLN | Investor: Zarząd Morskiego Portu Gdynia S.A.
Timeline: started 2014, planned 2026, delivered 2026
Outcome: delivered, delayed
Description: An integrated hydro-engineering investment in the Port of Gdynia comprising the deepening of the approach fairway and the port's internal basins to a level of -16.00 m, widening of the internal entrance by 40 m (to 140 m), and rebuilding of Turning Basin No. 2 to a diameter of 480 m in the area of Basin IX. The Port of Gdynia Authority S.A. (Zarząd Morskiego Portu Gdynia S.A.) was responsible for deepening the internal basins and rebuilding the quays, and the Maritime Office in Gdynia for deepening the approach fairway (stage II). The undertaking was co-financed from European Union funds under the Operational Programme Infrastructure and Environment 2014–2020. Delivery of the investment ran in the years 2014–2026; the last key stage — the rebuilt Helskie Quay — was put into service in February 2026.
Significance: Deepening the basins to a level of -16.00 m, widening the internal entrance to 140 m, and the new Turning Basin No. 2 with a diameter of 480 m enable the handling of the largest vessels operating on the Baltic Sea, including container ships up to 400 m in length.
Sources:
  - Port Gdynia gotowy na największe statki. Strategiczna inwestycja zakończona (Gazeta Prawna, 2026-06-26): https://www.gazetaprawna.pl/biznes/transport/artykuly/11268347,port-gdynia-gotowy-na-najwieksze-statki-strategiczna-inwestycja-zakonczona.html
  - Pogłębienie toru podejściowego i akwenów wewnętrznych Portu Gdynia. Etap II – Pogłębienie toru podejściowego (Urząd Morski w Gdyni): https://www.umgdy.gov.pl/fundusz_europejski/poglebienie-toru-podejsciowego-i-akwenow-wewnetrznych-portu-gdynia-etap-ii-poglebienie-toru-podejsciowego/
  - Zarząd Morskiego Portu Gdynia S.A. ogłosił przetarg na przebudowę Obrotnicy nr 2 (Port Gdynia): https://www.port.gdynia.pl/pl/wydarzenia/kontenerowce/532-zarzad-morskiego-portu-gdynia-s-a-oglosil-przetarg-na-przebudowe-obrotnicy-nr-2
  - Zmodernizowane Nabrzeże Helskie oddane do użytku. Port Gdynia wkracza na nowy poziom operacyjny (TransInfo, 2026-02-26): https://transinfo.pl/infoship/zmodernizowane-nabrzeze-helskie-oddane-do-uzytku-port-gdynia-wkracza-na-nowy-poziom-operacyjny/
  - Historyczny 1 milion TEU przeładunków w Porcie Gdynia (Polski Portal Morski, 2026-01-30): https://polskamorska.pl/2026/01/30/historyczny-1-milion-tue-przeladunkow-w-porcie-gdynia/
  - Pogłębienie akwenów wewnętrznych Portu Gdynia (umowa z Jan De Nul, termin 16 miesięcy) (PortalMorski.pl): https://www.portalmorski.pl/porty-logistyka/52455-poglebienie-akwenow-wewnetrznych-portu-gdynia
  - Pogłębianie toru podejściowego i akwenów wewnętrznych Portu Gdynia – etapy I i III oraz przebudowa nabrzeży – etapy II i III (Miasto Gdynia – Fundusze UE): https://www.gdynia.pl/ue/trwajace,8078/poglebianie-toru-podejsciowego-i-akwenow-wewnetrznych-portu-gdynia-etapy-i-i-iii-oraz-przebudowa-nabrzezy-w-porcie-gdynia-etapy-ii-i-iii,536299

## North–South HVDC direct-current interconnection (PSE)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/polaczenie-stalopradowe-hvdc-polnoc-poludnie-pse
Status: planned | Stage: announced | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): n/a | Investor: Polskie Sieci Elektroenergetyczne S.A.
Timeline: announced 2023, planned 2032
Description: A planned overhead direct-current (HVDC) transmission line connecting the north of Poland with the south of the country, envisaged as one of the key projects in PSE's transmission grid development plan. It is to enable the transmission of surplus power from new sources in the north (offshore and onshore wind farms and a nuclear power plant) to industrial consumers in the south, in the Silesia region, where power is being lost due to the decommissioning of coal-fired power plants. Direct-current technology allows controlled transmission bypassing the alternating-current (AC) grid. The project is at an early stage: work on a feasibility study has been under way since 2023, and in 2025 PSE announced a tender for its preparation. The line length under consideration is approx. 600 km.
Significance: The project is to become an "energy highway" linking the north and south of the country: it would enable the evacuation of power from wind energy (offshore and onshore) and nuclear energy being developed in the north to the industrial demand centres in the south, while relieving the rest of the transmission grid. Controlled direct-current transmission is to reduce losses over long distances and increase capacity relative to alternating-current lines. It would be the first onshore HVDC line in the national power system.
Sources:
  - Projekt nowego planu rozwoju sieci przesyłowej na lata 2025-2034 uzgodniony (Polskie Sieci Elektroenergetyczne S.A., 2025): https://www.pse.pl/-/projekt-nowego-planu-rozwoju-sieci-przesylowej-na-lata-2025-2034-uzgodniony
  - PSE ogłosiły przetarg na studium wykonalności połączenia HVDC północ-południe (OffshoreWindPoland.pl, 2025-04-02): https://offshorewindpoland.pl/pse-oglosily-przetarg-na-studium-wykonalnosci-polaczenia-hvdc-polnoc-poludnie/
  - Autostrada energetyczna północ-południe Polski za 10 lat? (WysokieNapiecie.pl): https://wysokienapiecie.pl/67636-autostrada-energetyczna-polnoc-poludnie-polski-za-10-lat/
  - Sieć energetyczną w Polsce czeka rewolucja. Operator systemu szykuje dużo zmian (Green-news.pl): https://www.green-news.pl/2514-pse-plany-na-dekade-dla-polskiej-sieci-energetycznej-co-zakladaja
  - Operator polskiej sieci szykuje miliardowe inwestycje. Powstanie m.in. „energetyczna autostrada" (Energetyka24.com): https://energetyka24.com/elektroenergetyka/analizy-i-komentarze/operator-polskiej-sieci-szykuje-miliardowe-inwestycje-powstanie-min-energetyczna-autostrada

## Racibórz Dolny flood-control reservoir
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/polder-raciborz-dolny
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 2.0 bn PLN | Investor: Państwowe Gospodarstwo Wodne Wody Polskie – Regionalny Zarząd Gospodarki Wodnej w Gliwicach
Timeline: announced 2001, started 2013-06-18, planned 2019, delivered 2020-06-30
Outcome: delivered, delayed, over budget
Description: A dry flood-control reservoir (polder) on the Oder in the Śląskie Voivodeship, on the lands of Racibórz and the communes of Krzyżanowice, Kornowac, Lubomia, and Gorzyce — the largest flood-control structure in Poland, with a capacity of 185 million m³ at maximum damming and an area of 2,626 ha. The construction contract was concluded on 18 June 2013 with the Spanish company Dragados, with an original completion date of January 2017; in the autumn of 2016 the contractor withdrew from the contract at approx. 43 percent progress of the works. Completion was entrusted on 30 November 2017 to the Budimex-Ferrovial Agroman consortium (contract of approx. PLN 903 million, finalisation planned by 2019). The reservoir was officially put into service on 30 June 2020. The project's value amounted to approx. PLN 1.995 billion, including PLN 667 million of EU funding from the Operational Programme Infrastructure and Environment 2014–2020 and a World Bank loan.
Significance: The reservoir provides flood protection to approx. 2.5 million residents of three Oder-side voivodeships (Śląskie, Opolskie, and Dolnośląskie) and is capable of reducing flood waves comparable to the catastrophic wave of 1997. During the flood in September 2024 the structure operated in flood-damming mode from 15 to 29 September, capturing at its peak 147 million m³ of water (approx. 80% of capacity) and flattening the flood wave on the Oder — the first such large test in its history.
Sources:
  - Racibórz Dolny (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Racib%C3%B3rz_Dolny
  - "Zbiornik przeciwpowodziowy Racibórz Dolny na rzece Odrze w województwie śląskim (polder)" (PGW Wody Polskie – RZGW w Gliwicach (gov.pl)): https://www.gov.pl/web/wody-polskie-gliwice/zbiornik-przeciwpowodziowy-raciborz-dolny-na-rzece-odrze-w-wojewodztwie-slaskim-polder
  - Powódź w Polsce. Zbiornik Racibórz Dolny "wybudowany przez PiS"? Jak było z tą inwestycją (Konkret24 / TVN24, 2024-09-16): https://konkret24.tvn24.pl/polska/powodz-w-polsce-zbiornik-raciborz-dolny-wybudowany-przez-pis-jak-bylo-z-ta-inwestycja-st8090903
  - Zbiornik Racibórz Dolny zdał egzamin. Dziś mija miesiąc od zakończenia pracy w trybie piętrzenia powodziowego (PGW Wody Polskie – RZGW w Gliwicach (gov.pl), 2024-10-29): https://www.gov.pl/web/wody-polskie-gliwice/zbiornik-raciborz-dolny-zdal-egzamin-dzis-mija-miesiac-od-zakonczenia-pracy-w-trybie-pietrzenia-powodziowego
  - Zbiornik przeciwpowodziowy Racibórz Dolny na rzece Odrze w województwie śląskim (polder) (Mapa Dotacji UE (gov.pl)): https://mapadotacji.gov.pl/projekty/746237/
  - Jest umowa na dokończenie zbiornika Racibórz Dolny (Rynek Infrastruktury, 2017-11-30): https://www.rynekinfrastruktury.pl/wiadomosci/biznes-i-przemysl/jest-umowa-na-dokonczenie-zbiornika-raciborz-dolny--60846.html
  - Konsorcjum Budimeksu i Ferrovial Agroman dokończy budowę Zbiornika Racibórz Dolny (Budimex S.A., 2017-11-30): https://budimex.pl/informacje-prasowe/konsorcjum-budimeksu-i-ferrovial-agroman-dokonczy-budowe-zbiornika-rac-377659/

## Polimery Police (PDH and polypropylene installation)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/polimery-police
Status: under construction | Stage: commissioning | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 7.2 bn PLN | Investor: Grupa Azoty Polyolefins S.A.
Timeline: announced 2015, started 2020-01-07, planned 2027
Outcome: delayed
Description: A petrochemical complex in Police built by the special-purpose company Grupa Azoty Polyolefins: a propane dehydrogenation (PDH) installation with a capacity of 429 thousand tonnes of propylene per year, a polypropylene installation with a capacity of 437 thousand tonnes per year, and its own maritime gas terminal for importing propane and ethylene by sea. The project budget exceeded PLN 7.2 billion against the original 2015 estimates of approximately PLN 1.7 billion. Polypropylene production was launched in June 2023, but the installations did not reach full, stable operation, and the indebted company entered restructuring proceedings in November 2025. On 31 March 2026, Orlen signed a preliminary agreement to acquire 100 percent of the company's shares for PLN 1.183 billion and announced the completion of the project and the start of full production in 2027.
Significance: One of the largest investments in the history of the Polish chemical industry, intended to expand Grupa Azoty's activities into plastics production (437 thousand tonnes of polypropylene per year). Part of the complex is its own gas terminal in Police, enabling maritime imports of propane and ethylene. The cost escalation from approximately PLN 1.7 billion (2015) to over PLN 7.2 billion, together with the failed attempts to reach full operation, drove the special-purpose company into restructuring and the takeover of the project by Orlen — the project became one of the leading Polish examples of a megaproject in financial trouble despite the technical completion of construction.
Sources:
  - Grupa Azoty uruchamia produkcję polipropylenu w Polimerach Police (Grupa Azoty, 2023-06-22): https://grupaazoty.com/aktualnosci/grupa-azoty-uruchamia-produkcje-polipropylenu-w-polimerach-police
  - Grupa Azoty: koncern Hyundai Engineering wykonawcą projektu Polimery Police (Grupa Azoty, 2019-04-18): https://grupaazoty.com/aktualnosci/grupa-azoty-koncern-hyundai-engineering-wykonawca-projektu-polimery-police
  - Grupa Azoty zawarła z Orlenem przedwstępną umowę sprzedaży akcji Grupy Azoty Polyolefins (Grupa Azoty, 2026-04-01): https://grupaazoty.com/aktualnosci/grupa-azoty-zawarla-z-orlenem-przedwstepna-umowe-sprzedazy-akcji-grupy-azoty-polyolefins
  - Koniec Polimerów w Grupie Azoty. Spółkę kupuje Orlen (WNP.PL, 2026-04-01): https://www.wnp.pl/przemysl/koniec-polimerow-w-grupie-azoty-spolke-kupuje-orlen,1048253.html
  - Orlen uratuje Azoty? 'Najbardziej skomplikowana restrukturyzacja w Polsce' (WNP.PL, 2026-04-01): https://www.wnp.pl/przemysl/orlen-uratuje-azoty-najbardziej-skomplikowana-restrukturyzacja-w-polsce,1048336.html
  - Hyundai Engineering pozywa Azoty. Chodzi o Polimery Police (Energetyka24, 2025-12-30): https://energetyka24.com/chemia/wiadomosci/hyundai-engineering-pozywa-azoty-chodzi-o-polimery-police
  - Cel i zakres — Grupa Azoty Polyolefins (Polimery Police) (Grupa Azoty Polyolefins): https://polyolefins.grupaazoty.com/projekt/cel-i-zakres

## Polonization of K2PL tank production at ZM Bumar-Łabędy (Gliwice)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/polonizacja-produkcji-czolgow-k2pl-w-zm-bumar-labedy-gliwice
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 850 mln PLN | Investor: Zakłady Mechaniczne „Bumar-Łabędy” S.A. (Polska Grupa Zbrojeniowa)
Timeline: announced 2025-10, planned 2030
Description: A programme to rebuild Poland's capacity to produce tanks based on a Polonized version of the Korean K2 tank — the K2PL. Under the Armament Agency's contract with Hyundai Rotem worth approximately USD 6.5 billion, the final assembly of 61 of the 64 ordered tanks in the K2PL version is to be carried out at Zakłady Mechaniczne "Bumar-Łabędy" in Gliwice, a company of the Polska Grupa Zbrojeniowa. The Gliwice plant was designated as the main location following a site survey conducted by Hyundai Rotem, which assessed, among others, Wojskowe Zakłady Motoryzacyjne in Poznań and OBRUM; ZM Bumar-Łabędy received the highest rating for production capabilities. To prepare the infrastructure for the project, PGZ is recapitalizing the company with PLN 850 million from the Capital Investment Fund. In October 2025, an agreement was signed regulating the technology transfer, the construction of the assembly line, and the servicing of tanks in the country. The first K2PL tank made in Poland is to be built in 2028 and delivered to the army in 2029, while deliveries of units in the K2PL configuration are planned for 2028–2030. The supply chain includes several dozen Polish companies.
Significance: The return of serial tank production to Poland after nearly two decades and the rebuilding of domestic capacity to produce modern armoured vehicles at the Bumar-Łabędy plant in Gliwice. Launching the K2PL assembly line together with the transfer of technology, documentation and servicing processes from Hyundai Rotem strengthens Poland's defence potential and makes the maintenance of the tank fleet independent of foreign centres. The project secures and develops the industrial base and workforce competencies (experience in producing the T-72 and PT-91) in the Śląskie Voivodeship and engages a broad supply chain of Polish defence companies.
Sources:
  - K2 będą produkowane w Polsce (Polska Zbrojna): https://polska-zbrojna.pl/home/articleshow/44354?t=K2-beda-produkowane-w-Polsce
  - Produkcja czołgów K2PL w Polsce. Dlaczego Gliwice, a nie Poznań? MAP odpowiada (Portal Obronny): https://portalobronny.se.pl/przemysl-zbrojeniowy/produkcja-czolgow-k2pl-w-polsce-dlaczego-gliwice-a-nie-poznan-map-odpowiada-aa-FYSP-pRiP-256m.html
  - Produkcja czołgów K2PL w Gliwicach. Bumar-Łabędy rozpoczyna nowy etap współpracy z Hyundai Rotem (Nowiny Gliwice, 2025-10-31): https://www.nowiny.gliwice.pl/produkcja-czolgow-k2pl-w-gliwicach-nowy-etap-wspolpracy-polsko-koreanskiej
  - Polska Grupa Zbrojeniowa dofinansuje Zakłady Mechaniczne „Bumar-Łabędy” (ZBiAM, 2025-10-06): https://zbiam.pl/polska-grupa-zbrojeniowa-dofinansuje-zaklady-mechaniczne-bumar-labedy/

## Warsaw Southern Bypass S2 with the tunnel under Ursynów
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/poludniowa-obwodnica-warszawy-s2-z-tunelem-pod-ursynowem
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 4.6 bn PLN | Investor: Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad (GDDKiA)
Timeline: delivered 2021-12-20
Outcome: delivered, delayed
Description: The eastern part of the Warsaw Southern Bypass (POW) along the S2 expressway on the section from the Puławska junction to the Lubelska junction, built by GDDKiA and divided into three construction sections (A, B, C) with a total length of over 18 km. The heart of the investment is a twin-bore tunnel under the Ursynów district, approximately 2.3 km long, the longest road tunnel in Poland at the time of its opening. Sections B (Przyczółkowa–Wał Miedzeszyński with a bridge over the Vistula) and C (Wał Miedzeszyński–Lubelska with viaducts over the Mazowiecki Landscape Park) were made available to drivers in December 2020, and section A with the tunnel under Ursynów, which completed the whole, was opened on 20 December 2021. The total cost of the three sections amounted to approximately PLN 4.6 billion, of which nearly PLN 1.7 billion was co-financing from EU funds under the Operational Programme Infrastructure and Environment.
Significance: The investment completed the Warsaw Southern Bypass along the S2, directing transit traffic (including eastbound towards the Lubelska junction and further to the A2) away from densely built-up districts of the capital. The twin-bore tunnel under Ursynów, approximately 2.3 km long, was the longest road tunnel in Poland at the time of its opening and allowed the expressway to be routed under a populated district without cutting through it. At a cost of approximately PLN 4.6 billion, with nearly PLN 1.7 billion of EU co-financing, it was one of the largest urban road investments in Poland.
Sources:
  - Tunel Południowej Obwodnicy Warszawy otwarty (Ministerstwo Infrastruktury (gov.pl), 2021-12-20): https://www.gov.pl/web/infrastruktura/tunel-poludniowej-obwodnicy-warszawy-otwarty
  - Premier: Południowa Obwodnica Warszawy zwiększy atrakcyjność inwestycyjną miasta i całego Mazowsza (Kancelaria Prezesa Rady Ministrów (gov.pl), 2020-12-22): https://www.gov.pl/web/premier/premier-poludniowa-obwodnica-warszawy-zwiekszy-atrakcyjnosc-inwestycyjna-miasta-i-calego-mazowsza
  - Ostatni odcinek Południowej Obwodnicy Warszawy oddany do ruchu (Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad (gov.pl), 2021-12-20): https://www.gov.pl/web/gddkia/ostatni-odcinek-poludniowej-obwodnicy-warszawy-oddany-do-ruchu
  - Tunel drogi ekspresowej S2 w Warszawie (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunel_drogi_ekspresowej_S2_w_Warszawie
  - Droga ekspresowa S2 Puławska – Lubelska. Południowa Obwodnica Warszawy (conadrogach.pl): https://conadrogach.pl/informacje/droga-ekspresowa-s2-pulawska-lubelska-poludniowa-obwodnica-warszawy.html
  - Lawina aut przejeżdża przez Ursynów. Są najnowsze wyniki pomiarów (GPR 2025) (haloursynow.pl, 2026-04-17): https://haloursynow.pl/pl/720_komunikacja/792_drogi/40971_lawina-aut-przejezdza-przez-ursynow-sa-najnowsze-wyniki-pomiarow.html
  - Terminy otwarcia S2 Południowej Obwodnicy Warszawy. Najdłużej poczekamy na tunel na Ursynowie (conadrogach.pl): https://conadrogach.pl/informacje/terminy-otwarcia-s2-poludniowej-obwodnicy-warszawy-najdluzej-poczekamy-na-tunel-na-ursynowie.html

## Improving access to the Port of Gdańsk — modernization of waterway 2 (4 quays)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/poprawa-dostepu-do-portu-gdansk-modernizacja-toru-wodnego-2
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 533 mln PLN | Investor: Zarząd Morskiego Portu Gdańsk SA
Timeline: announced 2022-03, started 2024-03, planned 2028
Outcome: delayed
Description: A programme to modernize four quays of the Inner Port in Gdańsk (Wiślane, Bytomskie, Rudowe III and Węglowe) with a total length of 1916 m, together with underground and rail infrastructure and the deepening of the seabed. The investor is Zarząd Morskiego Portu Gdańsk SA, and the undertaking, worth approximately PLN 533 million, is mostly (approximately PLN 453 million, 85%) financed from the EU CEF instrument. Construction work began in 2024 with the Rudowe and Bytomskie quays (contractor PORR), while the expansion of the Wiślane quay (DORACO) and the Węglowe quay (Budimex) was planned for subsequent years; the Bytomskie quay was completed in December 2025.
Significance: The expansion of four quays of the Inner Port increases the handling capacity and accessibility of the Port of Gdańsk for larger vessels, including through the deepening of the seabed at the Wiślane quay to 12 m technical depth and the adaptation of the Rudowe III quay to vessels of up to 35,000 DWT. The investment modernizes 1916 m of handling frontage together with rail and underground infrastructure, strengthening the role of Gdańsk in the trans-European TEN-T transport network. The programme is largely financed from EU funds (approximately PLN 453 million, 85% of costs under the CEF instrument).
Sources:
  - Port Gdańsk przygotowuje się do modernizacji kolejnych nabrzeży (Ministerstwo Infrastruktury (gov.pl), 2022-03-15): https://www.gov.pl/web/infrastruktura/port-gdansk-przygotowuje-sie-do-modernizacji-kolejnych-nabrzezy
  - W Morskim Porcie Gdańsk przygotowywana jest modernizacja 4 kolejnych nabrzeży (Netka.gda.pl, 2022-03-14): https://netka.gda.pl/w-morskim-porcie-gdansk-przygotowywana-jest-modernizacja-4-kolejnych-nabrzezy/
  - Podpisano umowy na modernizację Nabrzeży Rudowego i Bytomskiego w Porcie Gdańsk (PortalMorski.pl, 2024-03-21): https://www.portalmorski.pl/porty-logistyka/55324-podpisano-umowy-na-modernizacje-nabrzezy-rudowego-i-bytomskiego-w-porcie-gdansk
  - Port of Gdańsk and DORACO sign agreement to reconstruct Wiślane Quay (Zarząd Morskiego Portu Gdańsk SA (portgdansk.pl), 2025-07-09): https://www.portgdansk.pl/en/events/port-of-gdansk-and-doraco-sign-agreement-to-reconstruct-wislane-quay/
  - Pół kilometra nowego nabrzeża. Duża inwestycja w Porcie Gdańsk. Nabrzeże Węglowe / Budimex (Gdansk.pl, 2025-03-11): https://www.gdansk.pl/wiadomosci/Pol-kilometra-nowego-nabrzeza-Duza-inwestycja-w-Porcie-Gdansk-Nabrzeze-Weglowe-Budimex,a,282054
  - Kolejna ważna inwestycja w Porcie Gdańsk. Nabrzeże Bytomskie rozbudowane (Obserwator Logistyczny, 2025-12-18): https://obserwatorlogistyczny.pl/2025/12/18/kolejna-wazna-inwestycja-w-porcie-gdansk-nabrzeze-bytomskie-rozbudowane/

## Port Czystej Energii (waste-to-energy plant, ITPOK) in Gdańsk-Szadółki
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/port-czystej-energii-itpok-gdansk
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 661 mln PLN | Investor: Port Czystej Energii sp. z o.o.
Timeline: announced 2018-05-07, started 2020-12-18, delivered 2025-03-24
Description: A municipal waste thermal treatment installation in Szadółki, Gdańsk, built and operated under a public-private partnership formula. The plant, with a capacity of approximately 160 thousand tonnes of waste per year, incinerates the residual fraction (unsuitable for recycling) from Gdańsk and several dozen surrounding municipalities, producing electricity and district heating. The official opening took place on 24 March 2025. The owner of the installation is the municipal company Port Czystej Energii sp. z o.o., while the private partner responsible for the design, construction and 25-year operation is an Italian-French consortium (Webuild/Astaldi, Termomeccanica Ecologia, TIRU Paprec Energies).
Significance: The plant completes Gdańsk's waste management system, providing final thermal disposal of the non-recyclable waste fraction instead of landfilling it. It is to process approximately 160 thousand tonnes of waste per year, generating approximately 114,000 MWh of electricity and 509,000 GJ of district heating — enough to heat approximately 19 thousand households in winter, and up to 70 thousand in summer. The installation replaces fossil fuels with waste as fuel and is in line with the policy of reducing the landfilling of municipal waste.
Sources:
  - Port Czystej Energii oficjalnie otwarty (Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska (gov.pl), 2025-03-24): https://www.gov.pl/web/klimat/port-czystej-energii-oficjalnie-otwarty
  - Zakład Termicznego Przekształcania Odpadów w Gdańsku (Wikipedia (pl), 2025): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zak%C5%82ad_Termicznego_Przekszta%C5%82cania_Odpad%C3%B3w_w_Gda%C5%84sku
  - Budowa Zakładu Termicznego Przekształcania Odpadów (Spalarnia) Port Czystej Energii (Urząd Miejski w Gdańsku (gdansk.pl)): https://www.gdansk.pl/partnerstwo-publiczno-prywatne-w-gdansku/budowa-zakladu-termicznego-przeksztalcania-odpadow-spalarnia-port-czystej-energii,a,126253
  - Pół roku i 50 tys. ton przekształconych termicznie odpadów. Tak działa Port Czystej Energii (Pomorskie.eu (Urząd Marszałkowski Woj. Pomorskiego), 2025): https://pomorskie.eu/pol-roku-i-50-tys-ton-przeksztalconych-termicznie-odpadow-tak-dziala-port-czystej-energii/

## Warsaw-Modlin Airport
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/port-lotniczy-warszawa-modlin
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 451 mln PLN | Investor: Mazowiecki Port Lotniczy Warszawa-Modlin Sp. z o.o. (akcjonariusze: Agencja Mienia Wojskowego, Przedsiębiorstwo Państwowe Porty Lotnicze, Województwo mazowieckie, Miasto Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki)
Timeline: announced 2006-11-08, started 2010-10-08, delivered 2012-07-07
Outcome: delivered
Description: An international airport in Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki, about 35 km northwest of central Warsaw, established on the basis of a former military airfield as a base for low-cost airlines. On 8 November 2006, the co-shareholders concluded an agreement establishing the company Mazowiecki Port Lotniczy Warszawa-Modlin Sp. z o.o., whose shareholders are the Agencja Mienia Wojskowego, Przedsiębiorstwo Państwowe Porty Lotnicze, the Mazowieckie Voivodeship, and the City of Nowy Dwór Mazowiecki. Construction officially began on 8 October 2010, and the airport opened on 7 July 2012. The construction of the airport cost PLN 451,400,000. The terminal's capacity was set at 3–3.5 million passengers per year.
Significance: Warsaw-Modlin Airport became the second airport serving the Warsaw metropolitan area and the main national base for low-cost airlines (including Ryanair and Wizz Air), relieving Chopin Airport in the low-cost segment. Opened on 7 July 2012, with a capacity set at 3–3.5 million passengers per year, the airport quickly approached its capacity limit: in 2023 it handled 3,400,967 passengers, and in 2024 — 2,794,464 passengers. The high level of terminal utilization became the basis for plans to expand it to serve 7–8 million passengers per year.
Sources:
  - Port lotniczy Warszawa-Modlin (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Port_lotniczy_Warszawa-Modlin
  - Modlin już działa (Rzeczpospolita (rp.pl), 2012-07-15): https://turystyka.rp.pl/turystyka/art6025171-modlin-juz-dziala
  - Warsaw Modlin Airport (Wikipedia (en)): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warsaw_Modlin_Airport
  - Rozbudują lotnisko pod Warszawą. Wiadomo, ile to będzie kosztować (money.pl, 2024-12-19): https://www.money.pl/gospodarka/rozbuduja-lotnisko-pod-warszawa-wiadomo-ile-to-bedzie-kosztowac-7105044168862464a.html

## Outer Port at the Port of Gdynia (deep-water container terminal, PPP)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/port-zewnetrzny-w-porcie-gdynia-glebokowodny-terminal-konten
Status: planned | Stage: tender | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 5.0 bn PLN | Investor: Zarząd Morskiego Portu Gdynia SA
Timeline: n/a
Description: A planned deep-water container terminal at the Port of Gdynia, implemented under a public-private partnership formula by Zarząd Morskiego Portu Gdynia. The terminal is to be built on reclaimed land of approximately 150 ha with a quay approximately 2500 m long and a handling capacity of around 2.5 million TEU per year, capable of accommodating ocean-going container ships up to 430 m in length. The private partner is to design, finance, build and operate the terminal under a PPP contract for 44 years; the estimated value of the investment exceeds PLN 5 billion. The procedure for selecting the private partner has been significantly prolonged — the deadline for submitting bids has been postponed many times, most recently from 14 July to 30 September 2026.
Significance: The investment is intended to increase the handling capacity of the Port of Gdynia by approximately 2.5 million TEU per year and enable the handling of the largest ocean-going container ships, strengthening the position of Polish ports in Baltic supply chains. At the same time, the years-long delays in the private-partner selection procedure and concerns related to the participation of China-linked capital in the process affect the schedule of one of the largest PPP projects in Central and Eastern Europe.
Sources:
  - Port Zewnętrzny. Oferty do 30 września (Trojmiasto.pl, 2026-07): https://www.trojmiasto.pl/biznes/Port-Zewnetrzny-Oferty-do-30-wrzesnia-n222552.html
  - Port Zewnętrzny w Gdyni. Umowa z partnerem prywatnym na 44 lata (Rynek Infrastruktury): https://www.rynekinfrastruktury.pl/wiadomosci/intermodal-i-logistyka/port-zewnetrzny-w-gdyni-umowa-z-partnerem-prywatnym-na-44-lata-93884.html
  - Port Zewnętrzny w Gdyni znów opóźniony. W tle także Chińczycy (Rzeczpospolita): https://www.rp.pl/transport/art41198191-port-zewnetrzny-w-gdyni-znow-opozniony-w-tle-takze-chinczycy
  - Port Gdynia przesunął termin składania ofert na Port Zewnętrzny (IntermodalNews, 2026-07-10): https://intermodalnews.pl/2026/07/10/port-gdynia-przesunal-termin-skladania-ofert-na-port-zewnetrzny/

## Production and servicing of K9PL self-propelled howitzers at Huta Stalowa Wola
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/produkcja-i-serwis-armatohaubic-k9pl-w-hucie-stalowa-wola
Status: under construction | Stage: announced | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): n/a | Investor: Huta Stalowa Wola S.A.
Timeline: announced 2024-05-10
Description: A programme to build at Huta Stalowa Wola (HSW) domestic servicing (MRO) capabilities, and ultimately production, of K9/K9PL self-propelled howitzers acquired from South Korea. On 10 May 2024, HSW and Hanwha Aerospace Europe signed a letter of intent extending cooperation to the service, repair and maintenance (MRO) of K9A1/K9PL howitzers and K239 Chunmu/Homar-K multiple launch rocket systems, together with technology transfer. Serial production of the K9PL in Poland was originally declared from 2026, but its full launch at HSW remains subject to further executive agreements and subsequent stages of Polonization. HSW is to serve as a regional service centre for the K9 family.
Significance: Launching the servicing and Polonization of the K9 at Huta Stalowa Wola is intended to give Poland its own capabilities to maintain, repair and modernize the Korean howitzers and, in the intention of the ministry of defence, to make the country a repair hub for Korean equipment for other European states. The common origin of the Krab and K9 chassis increases synergy with domestic barrel artillery production at HSW.
Sources:
  - Haubice K9 beda remontowane przez PGZ. To pomoze Hucie Stalowa Wola (Polskie Radio 24, 2024-05): https://polskieradio24.pl/artykul/3376109,haubice-k9-beda-remontowane-przez-pgz-to-pomoze-hucie-stalowa-wola
  - Huta Stalowa Wola i Hanwha Aerospace zaciesniaja wspolprace (ZBiAM, 2024-05): https://zbiam.pl/huta-stalowa-wola-i-hanwha-aerospace-zaciesniaja-wspolprace/
  - Porozumienie w sprawie transferu technologii K9 i Chunmoo do HSW. Bejda: Polska moze stac sie hubem serwisowym dla Europy (Portal Obronny, 2024-06-03): https://portalobronny.se.pl/przemysl-zbrojeniowy/porozumie-w-sprawie-transferu-technologii-k9-i-chunmoo-do-hsw-polska-moze-stac-sie-hubem-serwisowym-dla-europy-aa-hJx9-tYMj-8vzj.html
  - HSW inwestuje w przyszlosc (Polska Zbrojna): https://www.polska-zbrojna.pl/home/ArticleShow/43568

## Programme for the Construction of 100 Bypasses for 2020–2030
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/program-budowy-100-obwodnic-na-lata-2020-2030
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 28.0 bn PLN | Investor: Ministerstwo Infrastruktury
Timeline: announced 2021-04-13, planned 2030
Description: A multi-year government road programme adopted by resolution of the Council of Ministers on 13 April 2021, developed by the Ministry of Infrastructure and carried out by the General Directorate for National Roads and Motorways (GDDKiA). It provides for the construction of 100 bypasses on the national road network with a total length of approx. 820 km, with a declared budget of approx. PLN 28 billion financed from the National Road Fund managed by Bank Gospodarstwa Krajowego. The aim is to move transit traffic out of localities, improve road safety and increase network capacity. By the end of 2024, several of the first bypasses had been opened to traffic (including Smolajny, Brzezie, Grzymiszew, Stryków), and several dozen more were under construction, in tender, or in preparation. In September 2025, the Supreme Audit Office (NIK) indicated that, despite secured financing, the programme was not being conducted entirely correctly, identifying irregularities at the planning and implementation stages.
Significance: The programme is a flagship initiative to expand the bypass network on national roads, intended to move transit traffic out of approx. 100 localities, reduce noise and pollution, and increase safety and capacity. The scale of the declared budget (approx. PLN 28 billion) and length (approx. 820 km) makes it one of the largest road programmes in Poland this decade. The pace of implementation met with criticism: by the end of 2024 only a few bypasses had been opened against the 100 planned by 2030. In September 2025, NIK assessed that the investment process was not always conducted correctly, and the total amount spent in violation of the law exceeded PLN 84 million, with identified shortcomings in project documentation and in the maintenance of some structures.
Sources:
  - Program budowy 100 obwodnic z akceptacją rządu (Ministerstwo Infrastruktury (gov.pl), 2021-04-13): https://www.gov.pl/web/infrastruktura/program-budowy-100-obwodnic-z-akceptacja-rzadu
  - Program budowy 100 obwodnic na lata 2020–2030 (Ministerstwo Infrastruktury (gov.pl)): https://www.gov.pl/web/infrastruktura/program-budowy-100-obwodnic-na-lata-2020---2031
  - Program Budowy 100 Obwodnic na lata 2020–2030 (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program_Budowy_100_Obwodnic_na_lata_2020%E2%80%932030
  - Program budowy obwodnic może wymagać poprawy (Najwyższa Izba Kontroli (NIK), 2025-09-15): https://www.nik.gov.pl/aktualnosci/program-budowy-obwodnic.html
  - Jak postępuje program budowy 100 obwodnic? GDDKiA podsumowuje prace (Rynek Infrastruktury, 2024-12-27): https://www.rynekinfrastruktury.pl/wiadomosci/drogi-i-autostrady/jak-postepuje-program-budowy-100-obwodnic-gddkia-podsumowuje-prace--93814.html
  - NIK przyjrzała się budowie obwodnic. Są zastrzeżenia i zawiadomienie do prokuratury (WNP.pl): https://www.wnp.pl/budownictwo/nik-przyjrzala-sie-budowie-obwodnic-sa-zastrzezenia-i-zawiadomienie-do-prokuratury,985189.html
  - Program budowy 100 obwodnic (Ministerstwo Infrastruktury (gov.pl)): https://www.gov.pl/web/infrastruktura/program-budowy-100-obwodnic

## Programme for Building Ferries for Polish Shipowners ("Batory" programme / Polskie Promy)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/program-budowy-promow-dla-polskich-armatorow-program-batory
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 1.3 bn PLN | Investor: Polskie Promy
Timeline: planned 2028
Description: A government programme to build modern RO-PAX passenger-and-vehicle ferries for Polish shipowners. The first attempt, in 2017, proved unsuccessful: a keel was laid in Szczecin without an approved design and a full contract, and the investment stalled and was criticised (an unsettled advance payment, a mark in a NIK audit). The programme was relaunched on the basis of a contract signed on 26 November 2021 with the special-purpose company Polskie Promy (owned by the State Treasury) and Gdańska Stocznia Remontowa, providing for the construction of three ferries with an option for a fourth. The first ferry, M/F Jantar Unity, was handed over to the shipowner on 17 December 2025; the subsequent vessels are to enter service in 2027 and 2028.
Significance: The programme is intended to rebuild the Polish shipbuilding industry's capacity to construct large passenger vessels and to replace the worn-out fleet of ferries serving Baltic routes. The first new ferry in decades is to sail in the colours of Polska Baltic Ferries / Unity Line on the Świnoujście–Trelleborg route linking Poland with Sweden. The LNG-powered vessels are to reduce emissions and raise the standard of passenger-and-freight transport.
Sources:
  - Historyczny moment – prom Jantar Unity oficjalnie przekazany do Unity Line (Polski Portal Morski (polskamorska.pl), 2025-12-18): https://polskamorska.pl/2025/12/18/historyczny-moment-prom-jantar-unity-oficjalnie-przekazany-do-unity-line/
  - Polski prom, cypryjska bandera. Remontowa przekazała Jantar do floty Unity Line i PŻM (TransInfo, 2025-12-18): https://transinfo.pl/infoship/polski-prom-cypryjska-bandera-remontowa-przekazala-jantar-do-floty-unity-line-i-pzm/
  - Stępka bez kontraktu, 10 milionów nierozliczonej zaliczki, 4 miliony za konsultacje. Promu nie ma, są koszty (Konkret24 / TVN24, 2021-06-29): https://konkret24.tvn24.pl/polska/stepka-bez-kontraktu-10-milionow-nierozliczonej-zaliczki-4-miliony-za-konsultacje-promu-nie-ma-sa-koszty-ra1061840-ls5790566
  - Program Batory – ambitny projekt, który utknął w stoczniowej rzeczywistości (Portal Stoczniowy): https://portalstoczniowy.pl/program-batory-ambitny-projekt-ktory-utknal-w-stoczniowej-rzeczywistosci/
  - Historyczna chwila. Pierwszy z nowych promów budowanych w Polsce przekazany do Unity Line (GospodarkaMorska.pl, 2025-12-17): https://www.gospodarkamorska.pl/historyczna-chwila-pierwszy-z-nowych-promow-budowanych-w-polsce-przekazany-do-unity-line-89420

## Homar-K Programme — Rocket Artillery (K239 Chunmoo, CGR-080 production in Poland)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/program-homar-k-artyleria-rakietowa-chunmoo
Status: under construction | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): n/a | Investor: Ministerstwo Obrony Narodowej (Agencja Uzbrojenia)
Timeline: announced 2022-10-19, started 2023, planned 2029
Description: The Homar-K programme is the acquisition for the Polish Armed Forces of South Korean K239 Chunmoo multiple-launch rocket systems (in the Polish version on a Jelcz chassis and with the Topaz fire-control and command system from WB Group). The framework agreement of 19 October 2022 provides for the delivery of a total of 288 launchers for 16 rocket artillery battalions in the years 2023–2028, together with a stock of ammunition. The first executive contract (USD 3.55 billion net) was concluded on 4 November 2022, and the first launchers reached units (including the 18th Artillery Regiment) as early as 2023. A second executive contract worth approx. USD 1.6 billion net for 72 launcher modules, with delivery in 2026–2029, was concluded in April 2025. In December 2025, the Armament Agency concluded an executive contract worth approx. PLN 14 billion for the delivery of thousands of Polish-made CGR-080 guided missiles (calibre 239 mm, range up to 80 km); these will be manufactured by the joint-venture company Hanwha WB Advanced Systems (Hanwha Aerospace and WB Group) in a new plant in Gorzów Wielkopolski. The programme is dominated by the purchase of armament in South Korea, and therefore the record serves a function of strategic visibility, while the recorded amount covers exclusively the isolable Polish component of CGR-080 missile production, and not the full value of the programme (on the order of tens of billions of PLN). The record is of a purely strategic character (visibility of the defence programme) — its cost is NOT counted toward the 'value by stage' aggregate, because the amounts quoted are the value of armament-acquisition contracts, and not a separated outlay on Polish production.
Significance: Homar-K is building the backbone of Poland's long-range rocket artillery, multiplying many times over the number and range of launchers (the CGR-080 missile reaches up to 80 km) compared with worn-out Soviet-generation systems. A key element of the programme is — for the first time in history — the launch in Poland of the production of precision ammunition for rocket artillery: the CGR-080 missiles are to be produced at the plant of the joint-venture company Hanwha WB Advanced Systems in Gorzów Wielkopolski, together with a transfer of technology to WB Group. Domestic missile production reduces dependence on foreign supplies and creates durable industrial and servicing capabilities in the area of rocket ammunition.
Sources:
  - Druga umowa wykonawcza i strzelanie systemu Homar-K (DziennikZbrojny.pl, 2025-04): https://dziennikzbrojny.pl/aktualnosci/news,1,12025,aktualnosci-z-polski,druga-umowa-wykonawcza-i-strzelanie-systemu-homar-k
  - Będą polskie rakiety dla systemu Homar. Gigantyczna umowa dla Grupy WB (Defence24, 2025-12): https://defence24.pl/przemysl/beda-polskie-rakiety-dla-systemu-homar-gigantyczna-umowa-dla-grupy-wb
  - Strategiczna inwestycja w Gorzowie: produkcja pocisków CGR-080 dla Homar-K rusza w Polsce (Portal Obronny, 2025-12): https://portalobronny.se.pl/przemysl-zbrojeniowy/strategiczna-inwestycja-w-gorzowie-produkcja-pociskow-cgr-080-dla-homar-k-rusza-w-polsce-aa-TzdA-Q5G6-C6HP.html
  - CGR-080 rockets for Homar-K to be produced in Poland (MILMAG, 2025-12): https://milmag.pl/en/cgr-080-rockets-for-homar-k-to-be-produced-in-poland/
  - Ile Homarów dostarczono do wojska? (Defence24, 2025-11): https://defence24.pl/sily-zbrojne/ile-homarow-dostarczono-do-wojska

## Katowice Airport Investment Programme 2024–2032 (new main terminal)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/program-inwestycyjny-katowice-airport-2024-2032-nowy-termina
Status: under construction | Stage: tender | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 1.8 bn PLN | Investor: Górnośląskie Towarzystwo Lotnicze SA (GTL SA)
Timeline: announced 2024, started 2024, planned 2032
Description: A multi-year investment programme of Górnośląskie Towarzystwo Lotnicze SA (GTL SA) for Katowice Airport in Pyrzowice for the years 2024–2032, with an estimated cost of approx. PLN 1.8 billion. The largest project is the construction of a two-storey main passenger terminal with an area of approx. 49,000 m² (with the possibility of expansion to approx. 72,000 m²); after completion of the first phase, the airport's total terminal infrastructure area is to reach 96,000 m², and the target capacity is to be approx. 10 million passengers per year. The programme also includes a second cargo terminal in the cargo zone and a tunnel approx. 270 m long connecting the new terminal with the "Pyrzowice Lotnisko" railway station. The selection of the designer for the main terminal is being conducted through a tender procedure (six architectural firms and consortia have qualified for further negotiations).
Significance: The programme is intended to adapt the capacity of Poland's second-largest regional airport to growing traffic: in 2026, approx. 7.5 million travellers are expected to use Katowice Airport's route network, and the target terminal infrastructure (96,000 m²) is to allow the handling of approx. 10 million passengers per year. The new main terminal, the second cargo terminal and integration with rail via the tunnel to the "Pyrzowice Lotnisko" station are intended to strengthen the airport's role as a multimodal passenger-and-freight hub for southern Poland.
Sources:
  - Program inwestycyjny Katowice Airport 2024–2032 (Katowice Airport (blog GTL SA), 2024): https://blog.katowice-airport.com/program-inwestycyjny-katowice-airport-2024-2032/
  - Co zakłada najnowszy program inwestycyjny Katowice Airport do 2032 roku? (PropertyNews.pl, 2024): https://www.propertynews.pl/tereny-inwestycyjne/co-zaklada-najnowszy-program-inwestycyjny-katowice-airport-do-2032-roku,182142.html
  - Katowice Airport. Powstanie nowy terminal pasażerski — planują inwestycje (Murator Plus, 2024): https://www.muratorplus.pl/inwestycje/inwestycje-publiczne/katowice-airport-powstanie-nowy-terminal-pasazerski-planuja-inwestycje-za-1-5-mld-zl-aa-t6aX-J9Mr-pwfH.html
  - Lotnisko Katowice przyspiesza wielki program inwestycyjny (WNP.pl, 2025): https://www.wnp.pl/logistyka/lotnisko-katowice-przyspiesza-wielki-program-inwestycyjny,904409.html
  - Główny terminal pasażerski — Inwestycje Katowice Airport (Katowice Airport (GTL SA)): https://inwestycje.katowice-airport.com/pl/inwestycje/glowny-terminal-pasazerski/

## Gdańsk Airport Investment Programme 2025–2028
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/program-inwestycyjny-portu-lotniczego-gdansk-2025-2028
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 500 mln PLN | Investor: Port Lotniczy Gdańsk im. Lecha Wałęsy
Timeline: announced 2025-03-26, planned 2028
Description: The investment programme of Gdańsk Lech Wałęsa Airport for the years 2025–2028 comprises a package of tasks with a total value of about half a billion złoty. Its most important elements include: expansion of the airfield together with a new PPS4/4A apron (ultimately 45 aircraft stands and three new de-icing stands, cost approx. PLN 105 million), expansion of the aircraft maintenance base (MRO, approx. PLN 80 million), construction of a second office building, Bravo, as part of Airport City Gdańsk (16,500 m² of rentable space, approx. PLN 180 million), and a carport with a photovoltaic installation carried out by Polimex Budownictwo. The individual components are being implemented in stages through 2028.
Significance: The programme is intended to increase the capacity and energy self-sufficiency of Poland's third-largest airport. The new apron and additional de-icing stands are to streamline air traffic handling, expansion of the MRO base strengthens the aircraft technical-servicing facilities, and the carport with photovoltaic modules is to reduce the airport's dependence on external energy supplies. The earlier expansion of Terminal T2 with a western pier enlarged the terminal area by nearly 16,000 m².
Sources:
  - Pół miliarda zł inwestycji w latach 2025-2028 (Port Lotniczy Gdańsk im. Lecha Wałęsy, 2025-03-26): https://www.airport.gdansk.pl/lotnisko/aktualnosci/pol-miliarda-zl-inwestycji-w-latach-20252028-n2342.html
  - Port Lotniczy Gdańsk zainwestuje pół miliarda zł w trzy lata (Gdańsk.pl, 2025-03-26): https://www.gdansk.pl/wiadomosci/Port-Lotniczy-Gdansk-zainwestuje-pol-miliarda-zl-w-trzy-lata,a,283810
  - Gotowy jest pirs zachodni Terminalu T2 (Gdańsk.pl, 2022-06-22): https://www.gdansk.pl/wiadomosci/Gotowy-jest-pirs-zachodni-Terminalu-T2,a,222522

## Mieszkanie Plus Programme
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/program-mieszkanie-plus
Status: cancelled | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): n/a | Investor: PFR Nieruchomości
Timeline: announced 2016, delivered 2023
Outcome: delayed, rescaled, abandoned
Description: A government programme to build rental housing with an option to acquire ownership, launched in 2016 as a pillar of the National Housing Programme. It envisaged the creation of 100,000 dwellings by the end of 2019 on public land, carried out among others by PFR Nieruchomości. By October 2021, approx. 15,000 units had been delivered, and the programme was wound down in 2023.
Significance: The programme was intended to increase the availability of affordable rental housing for people with moderate incomes, but it delivered approx. 15 percent of the declared target. According to NIK, it did not significantly improve the housing situation, against an estimated deficit at the end of 2019 of around 641,000 dwellings.
Reason for failure: Instead of the declared 100,000 dwellings by the end of 2019, the programme had delivered approx. 15,300 units by October 2021. NIK identified the main barriers as the lack of effective and coherent legal solutions, sluggishness in implementing executive acts, and limited supply of public land. The programme was wound down in 2023.
Sources:
  - Fiasko programu Mieszkanie Plus (Najwyższa Izba Kontroli, 2022): https://www.nik.gov.pl/najnowsze-informacje-o-wynikach-kontroli/program-mieszkanie-plus.html
  - Fiasko sztandarowego programu PiS. NIK: z 100 tys. mieszkań wybudowano 15 tys. (Rzeczpospolita, 2022): https://www.rp.pl/nieruchomosci/art35922811-fiasko-sztandarowego-programu-pis-nik-z-100-tys-mieszkan-wybudowano-15-tys
  - Rząd kończy program Mieszkanie Plus. Co z najemcami i lokalami? (Rzeczpospolita, 2023-06-15): https://www.rp.pl/nieruchomosci-mieszkaniowe/art38610471-rzad-konczy-program-mieszkanie-plus-co-z-najemcami-i-lokalami
  - Mieszkanie Plus - ocena realizacji programu. Raport NIK (TVN24, 2022): https://tvn24.pl/biznes/z-kraju/mieszkanie-plus-ocena-realizacji-programu-raport-nik-5646200
  - Nowa atrakcyjna oferta dojścia do własności albo zakupu mieszkań Polskiego Funduszu Rozwoju Nieruchomości (Ministerstwo Rozwoju i Technologii, 2023-05-25): https://www.gov.pl/web/rozwoj-technologia/nowa-atrakcyjna-oferta-dojscia-do-wlasnosci-albo-zakupu-mieszkan-polskiego-funduszu-rozwoju-nieruchomosci

## Pyrometallurgy Modernisation Programme — flash furnace at the Głogów Copper Smelter
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/program-modernizacji-pirometalurgii-piec-zawiesinowy-w-hucie
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 2.5 bn PLN | Investor: KGHM Polska Miedź S.A.
Timeline: delivered 2017
Outcome: delivered, delayed, over budget
Description: Modernisation of the pyrometallurgical line at the Głogów I plant at the Głogów Copper Smelter, owned by KGHM Polska Miedź S.A. The key element of the programme was the replacement of the worn-out shaft-furnace technology with a flash furnace, described as the world's largest flash-and-electric furnace installation. The new production line reached an output of approx. 250,000 tonnes of blister copper per year and allows smelting to be conducted in a technologically cleaner and lower-emission form. Completion of the work was originally planned for 2015 at an assumed cost of under PLN 2 billion; ultimately the construction of the new line cost more than PLN 2.5 billion. The ceremonial opening of the installation took place in January 2017 with the participation of the President of the Republic of Poland. On 3 October 2017, shortly after start-up, a failure of the waste-heat boiler occurred (the collapse of a so-called sinter overhang), which halted the furnace's operation for nearly a month; from 19 October a technical start-up of the roasting installation was carried out, on 25 October the burners of the roasting furnace were lit, and the return of the Głogów I Copper Smelter to full production capacity was planned for the first half of November 2017.
Significance: The programme secured the continuation of copper production at KGHM's largest smelting plant, replacing the obsolete shaft-furnace technology with a modern flash furnace with an output of approx. 250,000 tonnes of blister copper per year. The new installation reduces smelting costs and emissions of harmful gases, and according to KGHM is to allow production to be maintained for further decades. The failure of the waste-heat boiler in October 2017 caused a nearly month-long shutdown of the new installation, translating into a loss of electrolytic copper output and financial losses estimated in media reports at several hundred million złoty.
Sources:
  - Inwestycja za 2,5 mld zł w Hucie Miedzi Głogów. To największa na świecie instalacja tego typu (Forsal.pl, 2017-01-19): https://forsal.pl/artykuly/1011926,kghm-huta-miedzi-glogow-nowa-linia-produkcyjna-piec-zawiesinowy.html
  - KGHM uruchomił instalację pieca zawiesinowego i elektrycznego w hucie w Głogowie (StrefaInwestorow.pl, 2017-01-23): https://strefainwestorow.pl/wiadomosci/20170123/kghm-uruchomil-instalacje-pieca-zawiesinowego-i-elektrycznego-w-hucie-w-glogowie
  - W 2015 zakończy się modernizacja oddziału HM Głogów (Utrzymanie Ruchu, 2013-11-08): https://utrzymanieruchu.pl/w-2015-zakonczy-sie-modernizacja-oddzialu-hm-glogow/
  - Pełna zdolność produkcyjna Huty Miedzi Głogów I (KGHM Polska Miedź S.A., 2017-11-02): https://media.kghm.com/pl/informacje-prasowe/pelna-zdolnosc-produkcyjna-huty-miedzi-glogow-i
  - Awarii największego na świecie pieca można było uniknąć. KGHM straci kilkaset mln zł (Forsal.pl, 2017): https://forsal.pl/artykuly/1098052,khgm-awarii-najwiekszego-na-swiecie-pieca-mozna-bylo-uniknac-kghm-straci-kilkaset-mln-zl.html
  - Zakończyła się modernizacja Huty Miedzi Głogów II (KGHM Polska Miedź S.A.): https://kghm.com/pl/zakonczyla-sie-modernizacja-huty-miedzi-glogow-ii
  - Głogów — Smelting and Refining (KGHM Polska Miedź S.A.): https://kghm.com/en/our-business/smelting-and-refining/glogow

## Narew Programme — Short-Range Air Defence (CAMM-ER)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/program-narew-obrona-powietrzna-krotkiego-zasiegu
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 930 mln PLN | Investor: Polska Grupa Zbrojeniowa S.A. (lider Konsorcjum PGZ-NAREW)
Timeline: started 2023, planned 2035
Description: A programme to acquire short-range ground-based air defence for the Polish Armed Forces, based on CAMM-ER missiles and iLauncher launchers. In September 2023, the Armament Agency awarded the PGZ-NAREW Consortium an order with a total value of approx. PLN 54 billion gross for the delivery of key elements of 23 batteries (over 1,000 CAMM-ER missiles and 138 iLauncher launchers), with deliveries in the years 2027–2035. In November 2023, Polska Grupa Zbrojeniowa S.A., as leader of the consortium, concluded a contract with MBDA UK Ltd worth over GBP 4 billion (over PLN 20 billion) for the delivery of missile and launcher components and a transfer of technology enabling their production and assembly in Poland. The record values of the entire programme (PLN 54 billion) and of the MBDA contract (over PLN 20 billion) largely comprise purchases from a foreign entity and are not a domestic production outlay. The cost field includes exclusively the separated Polish outlay on launching production: the 2025 recapitalisation of the PGZ NAREW companies with PLN 930.17 million from the Capital Investment Fund, allocated among others to the production capacity for the rocket engine and warhead at Mesko, the CAMM-ER production hall at the Military Electronic Works (Wojskowe Zakłady Elektroniczne), and the construction of the Armament and Systems Integration Centre at OBR CTM. This amount is a 2025 tranche, and not the total target production outlay.
Significance: Narew is a flagship pillar of the Polonisation of short-range air defence and the second element — alongside the medium-range Wisła — of a multi-layered anti-aircraft shield. The launch in the country of the production and assembly of CAMM-ER missiles and iLauncher launchers, together with the transfer of technology from MBDA UK, is intended to build domestic production and servicing capabilities and to reduce dependence on foreign supplies. The scale of the programme (23 batteries, over 1,000 missiles, 138 launchers, deliveries through 2035) makes it one of the largest undertakings in the modernisation of the Polish Armed Forces.
Sources:
  - Przełomowa umowa na produkcję w Polsce wyrzutni i rakiet systemu Narew (DziennikZbrojny.pl, 2023-11-08): https://dziennikzbrojny.pl/aktualnosci/news,1,11933,aktualnosci-z-polski,przelomowa-umowa-na-produkcje-w-polsce-wyrzutni-i-rakiet-systemu-narew
  - Polska Grupa Zbrojeniowa zawarła umowę z MBDA na dostawę elementów systemu przeciwlotniczego Narew (ZBiAM, 2023-11-08): https://zbiam.pl/polska-grupa-zbrojeniowa-zawarla-umowe-z-mbda-na-dostawe-elementow-systemu-przeciwlotniczego-narew/
  - Miliard wsparcia dla programu Narew na nową rakietę (Defence24, 2025-12-30): https://defence24.pl/przemysl/miliard-wsparcia-dla-programu-narew-na-nowa-rakiete
  - Polska uruchomi dużą produkcję rakiet. Pierwszy taki kontrakt w historii (WNP.pl): https://www.wnp.pl/bezpieczenstwo/polska-idzie-w-suwerennosc-rakietowa-to-pierwszy-taki-projekt-w-naszej-historii,1047690.html
  - Ministerstwo Obrony Narodowej (Ministerstwo Obrony Narodowej (gov.pl)): https://www.gov.pl/web/obrona-narodowa

## Civil Protection and Civil Defense Program 2025-2026 (shelters and refuges)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/program-ochrony-ludnosci-i-obrony-cywilnej-schrony
Status: under construction | Stage: announced | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): n/a | Investor: Ministerstwo Spraw Wewnętrznych i Administracji (MSWiA)
Timeline: announced 2025-05-27, planned 2026
Description: The Civil Protection and Civil Defense Program for 2025-2026 is the first government program in modern Polish history to systematically rebuild civil defense capabilities. It was adopted by the Council of Ministers on 27 May 2025 at the request of the Ministry of the Interior and Administration (MSWiA). It fulfills the statutory obligation under Article 156(5) of the Act of 5 December 2024 on the protection of the population and civil defense. The program's overall envelope is approximately PLN 34 billion (PLN 16.7 billion in 2025 and PLN 17.2 billion in 2026) for all areas of civil protection — this is the value of a nationwide budget allocation, not the cost of a single investment. One of the priorities is the construction and renovation of shelters and places of refuge: for collective protection facilities, local governments receive nearly PLN 5 billion from the program, with grants potentially covering up to 100 percent of investment costs. This record reflects solely this separately allocated and separately documented pool for shelters/protective facilities transferred to local governments, not the full PLN 34 billion envelope. By September 2025, the State Fire Service (PSP) and the Construction Supervision Authority (PINB) had carried out more than 2,000 inspections of protective structures, of which more than 1,000 may be able to serve protective functions; renovations and investments are directed first to areas covered by the National Deterrence and Defense Program "Tarcza Wschód" (East Shield). This record is strictly strategic in nature — its cost is NOT counted toward the 'value by stage' aggregate: the approximately PLN 34 billion is the envelope of the entire program, and the approximately PLN 5 billion is a dispersed pool of grants for local governments for shelters/refuges, not a single investment with a distinct outlay.
Significance: For the first time in modern Polish history, the program launches systemic financing for the construction and renovation of shelters and places of refuge, addressing a long-standing deficit of collective protection facilities for the population. The transfer of nearly PLN 5 billion to local governments, together with grants covering up to 100 percent of costs, is intended to enable the reconstruction and modernization of protective structures — including adapting old shelters (among others, those under schools from the 1960s) to contemporary standards — and the preparation of places of emergency refuge. Directing investments first to border areas covered by "Tarcza Wschód" (East Shield) links the program to the national deterrence and defense system, and the review of more than 2,000 protective structures gives the state its first inventory of actual shelter capacity in decades.
Sources:
  - Rząd przyjął Program Ochrony Ludności i Obrony Cywilnej na lata 2025-2026 (Ministerstwo Spraw Wewnętrznych i Administracji (gov.pl), 2025-05-27): https://www.gov.pl/web/mswia/rzad-przyjal-program-ochrony-ludnosci-i-obrony-cywilnej-na-lata-20252026
  - Budowa i remonty schronów jednym z priorytetów rządowego Programu Ochrony Ludności i Obrony Cywilnej (Ministerstwo Spraw Wewnętrznych i Administracji (gov.pl), 2025-09-18): https://www.gov.pl/web/mswia/budowa-i-remonty-schronow-jednym-z-priorytetow-rzadowego-programu-ochrony-ludnosci-i-obrony-cywilnej
  - Warsaw approves civil defence initiative valued billions (PAP (Polska Agencja Prasowa, EN), 2025-05-27): https://www.pap.pl/en/news/warsaw-approves-civil-defence-initiative-valued-billions
  - Zatwierdzenie Programu Ochrony Ludności i Obrony Cywilnej na lata 2025-2026 (M.P. 2025 poz. 541) (Monitor Polski, 2025): https://sip.lex.pl/akty-prawne/mp-monitor-polski/zatwierdzenie-programu-ochrony-ludnosci-i-obrony-cywilnej-na-lata-22151786

## OSGE SMR Program (BWRX-300) — first power plant in Włocławek
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/program-smr-osge
Status: under construction | Stage: permits | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): n/a | Investor: Orlen Synthos Green Energy (OSGE)
Timeline: n/a
Description: The program to build Poland's first small modular nuclear power plant (SMR) using BWRX-300 technology, carried out in Włocławek by Orlen Synthos Green Energy (OSGE), in which Orlen and Synthos Green Energy each hold a 50 percent stake. The project envisages building up to six reactors on the Włocławek site; the first stage assumes commissioning at least two units with a combined capacity of approximately 0.6 GW by 2035. The special-purpose company BWRX-300 Włocławek obtained a fundamental decision from the Minister of Energy, and environmental and siting studies are currently underway ahead of submitting an application for a construction permit.
Significance: This is intended to be Europe's first power plant based on BWRX-300 reactors, making the project a significant element of plans to decarbonize and diversify the national power system. The creation of a source of stable, zero-emission energy and heat in Włocławek is part of the development of nuclear power in Poland and the building of national competencies in the area of small modular reactors.
Sources:
  - ORLEN and Synthos reach agreement paving the way for Poland's first SMR nuclear power plant in Włocławek (ORLEN, 2025-08-28): https://www.orlen.pl/en/about-the-company/media/press-releases/current/2025/August-2025/orlen-and-synthos-reach-agreement-paving-the-way-for-polands-first-smr-nuclear-power-plant-in-wloclawek
  - Site of Poland's first SMR selected (World Nuclear News, 2025-08-28): https://www.world-nuclear-news.org/articles/site-of-polands-first-smr-selected
  - Orlen Synthos Green Energy — BWRX-300 (Orlen Synthos Green Energy): https://osge.com/en/
  - To ma być pierwszy taki projekt energetyczny w Europie. OSGE podpisało porozumienie (WNP.pl, 2026-06-22): https://www.wnp.pl/energia/to-ma-byc-pierwszy-taki-projekt-energetyczny-w-europie-osge-podpisalo-porozumienie,1074326.html
  - Włocławek stawia na atom. OSGE chce zbudować tam nawet 6 SMR-ów (Energetyka24, 2026-06-22): https://energetyka24.com/energetyka/atom/wloclawek-stawia-na-atom-osge-chce-zbudowac-tam-nawet-6-smr-ow
  - Pierwszy polski SMR stanie we Włocławku. Orlen i Synthos z porozumieniem (nuclear.pl, 2025-09-02): https://nuclear.pl/wiadomosci,news,25090201,0,0.html

## Wisła Program — medium-range air defense (Patriot/IBCS)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/program-wisla-obrona-powietrzna-sredniego-zasiegu
Status: under construction | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): n/a | Investor: Ministerstwo Obrony Narodowej (MON)
Timeline: announced 2018-03-28, planned 2031
Description: The Wisła Program is the construction of an integrated anti-aircraft and anti-missile medium-range air defense system (up to approximately 100 km) based on American MIM-104 Patriot (PAC-3+) systems and the network-centric IBCS command system. The first phase — the purchase of two Patriot batteries together with IBCS, worth approximately PLN 16.6 billion — was finalized in an agreement of 28 March 2018; the M903 launchers for this phase were assembled at Huta Stalowa Wola (16 units accepted in March 2023). On 18 December 2025, the 37th Air Defense Missile Squadron of the 3rd Warsaw Air Defense Missile Brigade in Sochaczew reached full operational readiness, closing the first phase of the program. The second phase, comprising among other things the acquisition of IBCS components (an intergovernmental agreement of 29 February 2024, approximately USD 2.53 billion net, delivery in 2024-2031) and the production of 48 M903 launchers at HSW with delivery in 2027-2029, is underway. The program is dominated by the purchase of armaments in the USA, and therefore the record serves the function of strategic visibility of the air defense pillar rather than a monetary record of the full value.
Significance: The Wisła Program creates Poland's first layered medium-range anti-aircraft and anti-missile defense system, capable of engaging aircraft, ballistic and cruise missiles and — thanks to the IBCS system — of integrating sensors and effectors of various types within a single command network. Achieving full operational readiness of the first battery makes Poland one of the first US allies to operationally use IBCS. The participation of Polish industry (among others, the assembly and production of M903 launchers at Huta Stalowa Wola, components from ZM Tarnów and WZE) builds national production and servicing capabilities in the area of air defense.
Sources:
  - Program Wisła (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program_Wis%C5%82a
  - 37. Dywizjon Rakietowy Obrony Powietrznej osiągnął pełną gotowość operacyjną systemu Wisła (Ministerstwo Obrony Narodowej (gov.pl), 2025-12-18): https://www.gov.pl/web/obrona-narodowa/37-dywizjon-rakietowy-obrony-powietrznej-osiagnal-pelna-gotowosc-operacyjna-systemu-wisla
  - IBCS dla drugiej fazy Wisły i systemu Narew (ZBiAM, 2024-02-29): https://zbiam.pl/ibcs-dla-drugiej-fazy-wisly-i-systemu-narew/
  - Huta Stalowa Wola wyprodukuje wyrzutnie M903 w ramach drugiej fazy programu Wisła (ZBiAM, 2024-08-12): https://zbiam.pl/huta-stalowa-wola-wyprodukuje-wyrzutnie-m903-w-ramach-drugiej-fazy-programu-wisla/
  - Republic of Poland declares Full Operational Capability of IBCS-enabled PATRIOT AMD system (U.S. Army, 2025-12-18): https://www.army.mil/article/289754/republic_of_poland_declares_full_operational_capability_of_ibcs_enabled_patriot_amd_system

## HBO Project — Hydrocracking Oil Block at the Gdańsk Refinery
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/projekt-hbo-hydrokrakingowy-blok-olejowy-w-rafinerii-gdanski
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 1.8 bn PLN | Investor: Grupa ORLEN (Rafineria Gdańska sp. z o.o.)
Timeline: started 2022-08, planned 2026
Description: The HBO Project (Hydrocracking Oil Block) is a strategic investment by the ORLEN Group carried out at the refinery in Gdańsk (Pomorskie Voivodeship), which is part of the assets of the former LOTOS Group acquired after the merger. The new installation complex is intended to enable the production of up to 400 thousand tons per year of high-quality Group II base oils, used to make engine and lubricating oils in industry and automotive transport, and, in addition, fuel intermediates, gasoline, and diesel oil. Construction of the main installation and accompanying facilities began in August 2022; at the end of June 2024, the progress of the entire project stood at approximately 70 percent. According to the schedule, the technological start-up of the main installation was to begin no later than the fourth quarter of 2025, and the installations are to reach full operational capacity in the first half of 2026. The value of the investment is estimated at more than PLN 1.8 billion.
Significance: The installation is intended to be Poland's first source of Group II base oils, reducing the domestic market's dependence on imports of these high-quality products. The target capacity of up to 400 thousand tons per year will make it possible to supply producers of engine oils and lubricants for industry and the automotive sector, while the additional production of fuel intermediates, gasoline, and diesel oil strengthens the processing potential of the Gdańsk refinery. The investment constitutes one of the key elements of the modernization of the former LOTOS Group assets within the ORLEN Group.
Sources:
  - Projekt HBO - największa inwestycja Grupy ORLEN w Gdańsku (PAP MediaRoom, 2024-07): https://pap-mediaroom.pl/biznes-i-finanse/projekt-hbo-najwieksza-inwestycja-grupy-orlen-w-gdansku
  - Projekt HBO - strategiczna inwestycja Grupy ORLEN w Gdańsku gotowa już w 70 proc. (PAP MediaRoom, 2024-07-05): https://pap-mediaroom.pl/nauka-i-technologie/projekt-hbo-strategiczna-inwestycja-grupy-orlen-w-gdansku-gotowa-juz-w-70-proc
  - Nowe instalacje rafineryjne Orlenu w Gdańsku. Za 1,8 mld zł (Trojmiasto.pl, 2024-07): https://www.trojmiasto.pl/biznes/Nowe-instalacje-rafineryjne-Orlenu-w-Gdansku-Za-18-mld-zl-n190948.html
  - Gdańsk: Nowa instalacja na terenie rafinerii będzie gotowa w 2025 roku (PortalSamorzadowy.pl): https://www.portalsamorzadowy.pl/finanse/gdansk-nowa-instalacja-na-terenie-rafinerii-bedzie-gotowa-w-2025-roku,554875.html

## Odra and Vistula Basin Flood Protection Project (POPDOW)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/projekt-ochrony-przeciwpowodziowej-w-dorzeczu-odry-i-wisly-p
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 5.2 bn PLN | Investor: Państwowe Gospodarstwo Wodne Wody Polskie
Timeline: announced 2015, started 2015, planned 2025, delivered 2025
Outcome: delivered, delayed
Description: One of the largest flood protection programs in Poland, carried out since 2015 by the State Water Holding Polish Waters (Państwowe Gospodarstwo Wodne Wody Polskie) with co-financing from the World Bank (IBRD), the Council of Europe Development Bank, the EU Cohesion Fund, and the state budget. The program covered three particularly threatened areas: the middle and lower Odra, the Kłodzko Valley (the Nysa Kłodzka basin), and the Upper Vistula basin. Under it, among other things, dry flood-control reservoirs were built in the Kłodzko Valley with a total retention capacity of approximately 16 million m3, embankments and protective works in the Odra valley, and works on the Upper Vistula, as well as the modernization of the forecasting system and institutional strengthening of the administration. The total value of the Project was set in 2015 at approximately EUR 1,202 million, and its completion was planned for 2025.
Significance: The program raised the level of flood safety for residents of three particularly threatened regions of the Odra and Upper Vistula basins. The areas it covers are home to more than 5 million people at risk of flooding in total, of whom approximately 122 thousand live in areas of special flood hazard. New retention (among others, approximately 16 million m3 in the Kłodzko Valley reservoirs), together with modernized embankments and forecasting systems, increased the resilience of river valleys to floods, as confirmed by the 2024 flood.
Sources:
  - Projekt Ochrony Przeciwpowodziowej w Dorzeczu Odry i Wisły (POPDOW) (Państwowe Gospodarstwo Wodne Wody Polskie): https://www.gov.pl/web/wody-polskie/popdow
  - About project OVFMP (Odra-Vistula Flood Management Project Coordination Unit): https://odrapcu.pl/en/project-ovfmp/about-project-ovfmp/
  - Nowa jakość ochrony przeciwpowodziowej w dorzeczu Odry i Wisły – efekty współpracy Wód Polskich i Banku Światowego dla bezpieczeństwa Polski (Państwowe Gospodarstwo Wodne Wody Polskie): https://www.gov.pl/web/wody-polskie/nowa-jakosc-ochrony-przeciwpowodziowej-w-dorzeczu-odry-i-wisly--efekty-wspolpracy-wod-polskich-i-banku-swiatowego-dla-bezpieczenstwa-polski
  - Poland - Odra-Vistula Flood Management Project (World Bank, 2015-07-23): https://www.worldbank.org/en/news/loans-credits/2015/07/23/poland-odra-vistula-flood-management-project
  - Projekt Ochrony Przeciwpowodziowej w Dorzeczu Odry i Wisły (POPDOW). Zabezpieczenie przeciwpowodziowe Górnej Wisły (Państwowe Gospodarstwo Wodne Wody Polskie – RZGW Kraków, 2025-06-09): https://www.gov.pl/web/wody-polskie-krakow/projekt-ochrony-przeciwpowodziowej-w-dorzeczu-odry-i-wisly-popdow-zabezpieczenie-przeciwpowodziowe-gornej-wisly
  - Disclosable Restructuring Paper - Odra-Vistula Flood Management Project (P147460) (World Bank, 2020-06): https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/196411593506548513/pdf/Disclosable-Restructuring-Paper-ODRA-VISTULA-FLOOD-MANAGEMENT-PROJECT-P147460.pdf
  - NIK potwierdza zgodność wydatków w ramach POPDOW z celami i zasadami realizacji projektu (Państwowe Gospodarstwo Wodne Wody Polskie, 2026-02-05): https://www.gov.pl/web/wody-polskie/nik-potwierdza-zgodnosc-wydatkow-w-ramach-popdow-z-celami-i-zasadami-realizacji-projektu

## Reconstruction of national road DK18 to A18 motorway standard (southern carriageway)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/przebudowa-dk18-do-standardu-autostrady-a18-jezdnia-poludnio
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 900 mln PLN | Investor: Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad (GDDKiA)
Timeline: announced 2018-08, planned 2023, delivered 2023-10-13
Outcome: delivered
Description: The reconstruction of the southern carriageway of the former national road No. 18 (a pre-war concrete route colloquially known as the "road of shame") to A18 motorway standard, on the section from the state border with Germany in Olszyna to the Golnice junction in Lower Silesia. As a result of the second stage of the investment, the entire dual-carriageway A18 motorway, 70 km long and running through the Lubuskie and Dolnośląskie voivodeships, obtained motorway parameters and status. The investor was the General Directorate for National Roads and Motorways (GDDKiA). The works included a new surface for the southern carriageway as well as the reconstruction and construction of bridge structures; the last, more than 20-kilometer section from the border of the Lubuskie and Dolnośląskie voivodeships to the Golnice junction was made available to drivers on 13 October 2023, completing the entire investment.
Significance: The completion of the reconstruction of the southern carriageway finished the construction of the A18 motorway along its entire 70-kilometer length from the border with Germany in Olszyna to the Golnice junction, eliminating the notoriously degraded pre-war concrete surface criticized by drivers. The modern dual-carriageway route improves international transit traffic toward Berlin and the connection of western Poland (the Lubuskie and Dolnośląskie voivodeships) with the motorway network. The investment, worth nearly PLN 900 million, included a new surface as well as the reconstruction and construction of bridge structures.
Sources:
  - Przebudowa autostrady A18 dobiegła końca (Ministerstwo Infrastruktury, 2023-10-13): https://www.gov.pl/web/infrastruktura/przebudowa-autostrady-a18-dobiegla-konca
  - A18 gotowa! (GDDKiA Oddział Zielona Góra, 2023-10-13): https://www.gov.pl/web/gddkia-zielona-gora/a18-gotowa
  - A18 Olszyna-Golnice. Przebudowa autostrady A18 zakończona, ostatni odcinek gotowy do użytku (TVN24 Biznes, 2023-10-13): https://tvn24.pl/biznes/moto/a18-olszyna-golnice-przebudowa-autostrady-a18-zakonczona-ostatni-odcinek-gotowy-do-uzytku-st7390302
  - Umowa na przebudowę ostatniego odcinka A18 podpisana (Ministerstwo Infrastruktury, 2021-01-27): https://www.gov.pl/web/infrastruktura/umowa-na-przebudowe-ostatniego-odcinka-a18-podpisana
  - Autostrada A18 (Polska) (Wikipedia): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autostrada_A18_(Polska)

## Reconstruction of the runway and taxiways at Rzeszów-Jasionka Airport (CEF Military Mobility)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/przebudowa-drogi-startowej-i-drog-kolowania-portu-lotniczego
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 114 mln PLN | Investor: Port Lotniczy Rzeszów-Jasionka im. Rodziny Ulmów
Timeline: started 2025-04, planned 2026-09
Description: The reconstruction of the operational infrastructure of Rzeszów-Jasionka Airport named after the Ulma Family includes the second stage of the construction of a parallel taxiway (approximately 1,087 m) together with two perpendicular connectors to the runway, the expansion of the aircraft turnaround pad, and the reconstruction of a 700-meter section of the runway. The contractor selected in the tender is Strabag, and the value of the contract is approximately PLN 113.8 million. The investment is co-financed from European Union funds under the Connecting Europe Facility (CEF Military Mobility) 2021-2027 in the amount of approximately PLN 48 million (EUR 11 million); the remaining funds come from the airport operator and its shareholders — the Podkarpackie Voivodeship Self-Government (PLN 20 million) and Polish Airports (Polskie Porty Lotnicze) (PLN 15 million). The works are carried out while maintaining the continuity of flight operations.
Significance: The modernization of the runway and taxiways is intended to increase the capacity and operational capabilities of the Jasionka airport, which serves as a key NATO logistics hub and the main transshipment point for aid to Ukraine. Qualifying the investment for financing under Military Mobility underscores its dual, civil-military character. The reconstruction of the 700-meter section of the runway was completed in October 2025, restoring the full length of the runway (3,200 m) three weeks ahead of the original schedule; construction of the parallel taxiway is to be completed in 2026.
Sources:
  - Firma Strabag wykonawcą strategicznej inwestycji na lotnisku w Jasionce (Port Lotniczy Rzeszów-Jasionka, 2025-03-18): https://www.rzeszowairport.pl/pl/lotnisko/aktualnosci/274/cef-strabag-umowa
  - Port Lotniczy Rzeszów-Jasionka otwiera pełną długość drogi startowej — 3200 metrów (Port Lotniczy Rzeszów-Jasionka, 2025-10-23): https://www.rzeszowairport.pl/pl/lotnisko/aktualnosci/302/port-lotniczy-rzeszow-jasionka-otwiera-pelna-dlugosc-drogi-startowej-3200-metrow
  - Jasionka: ponad 113 mln zł kosztować będzie m.in. przebudowa drogi startowej lotniska (dlapilota.pl, 2025-03-27): https://dlapilota.pl/wiadomosci/jasionka-ponad-113-mln-zl-kosztowac-bedzie-min-przebudowa-drogi-startowej-lotniska
  - Nocne remonty lotniska w Jasionce. Za 113 mln zł zwiększą przepustowość (czytajrzeszow.pl, 2025-03-27): https://czytajrzeszow.pl/?idd=10&id=46906&poz=mr1&show=-1&pagebl1_mobile=0
  - Rzeszów — twierdza NATO i hub wojskowy — dostaje zastrzyk europejskiej gotówki (Klub Jagielloński, 2022-12-03): https://klubjagiellonski.pl/2022/12/03/rzeszow-twierdza-nato-i-hub-wojskowy-dostaje-zastrzyk-europejskiej-gotowki/
  - Jasionka: w połowie 2026 r. ma się zakończyć budowa równoległej drogi kołowania (WNP.pl, 2025-10-23): https://www.wnp.pl/rynki/jasionka-w-polowie-2026-r-ma-sie-zakonczyc-budowa-rownoleglej-drogi-kolowania,1014901.html

## Reconstruction of Warszawa Wschodnia station
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/przebudowa-stacji-warszawa-wschodnia
Status: under construction | Stage: tender | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 3.6 bn PLN | Investor: PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe S.A.
Timeline: planned 2029
Description: The modernization of Warszawa Wschodnia station and the Warszawa Stadion stop, carried out by the infrastructure manager PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe S.A. The contractor is Torpol; a contract worth nearly PLN 3.64 billion gross was signed on 12 June 2026. Scope: the reconstruction of seven roofed platforms of uniform height, 14 elevators, escalators, the modernization of underground passages, a new viaduct, and the replacement of tracks, switches, and the traction network. Construction works are to start in December 2026 and continue until the end of 2029. The investment is co-financed from the EU FEnIKS program.
Significance: The modernization covers one of the busiest stations in the Warsaw railway junction, through which nearly a thousand trains pass per day. The uniform, roofed platforms, together with 14 elevators and escalators, are intended to improve accessibility and passenger comfort, while the replacement of tracks, switches, and the traction network, together with a new viaduct, is to increase capacity and traffic reliability. The undertaking continues the reconstruction of the capital's railway junction begun with the modernization of Warszawa Zachodnia station.
Sources:
  - Warszawa Wschodnia do przebudowy. Otwarto oferty w przetargu PKP PLK (NowaWarszawa.pl, 2026-01-28): https://nowawarszawa.pl/warszawa-wschodnia-do-przebudowy-otwarto-oferty-w-przetargu-pkp-plk-za-ponad-46-mld-zl/
  - Przebudowa Warszawy Wschodniej. Wielki dach, 14 wind, ruchome schody, estakada. Jest umowa z wykonawcą (Architektura-murator / Muratorplus.pl, 2026-06-12): https://architektura.muratorplus.pl/projekty/przebudowa-warszawy-wschodniej-ogromny-dach-nowe-schody-estakada-i-windy-jest-umowa-z-wykonawca-aa-JXzv-xGCr-5Swh.html
  - Warszawa Wschodnia - umowa podpisana - rusza jedna z największych inwestycji kolejowych w Polsce (PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe S.A., 2026-06-12): https://www.plk-sa.pl/o-spolce/biuro-prasowe/informacje-prasowe/szczegoly/warszawa-wschodnia-umowa-podpisana-rusza-jedna-z-najwiekszych-inwestycji-kolejowych-w-polsce-11629
  - Torpol przebuduje Warszawę Wschodnią za 3,64 mld zł - kontrakt z PLK podpisany (Sektorkolejowy.pl, 2026-06-12): https://www.sektorkolejowy.pl/torpol-przebuduje-warszawe-wschodnia-za-364-mld-zl-kontrakt-z-plk-podpisany/
  - Rusza przebudowa Warszawy Wschodniej. Za 3,6 mld zł „wyprują" stację, wyremontują i zadaszą (Forsal.pl, 2026-06-12): https://forsal.pl/transport/kolej/artykuly/11261825,rusza-przebudowa-warszawy-wschodniej-za-36-mld-zl-wypruja-stacje.html

## Reconstruction of Warszawa Zachodnia Station
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/przebudowa-stacji-warszawa-zachodnia
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 2.6 bn PLN | Investor: PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe S.A.
Timeline: started 2020-07-07, planned 2024, delivered 2025-11-28
Outcome: delivered, delayed, over budget
Description: A comprehensive reconstruction of the busiest railway station in Poland, comprising the modernization of platforms 1-7 and the addition of a new platform, the rebuilding of approximately 30 km of track and overhead traction network, and the construction of a wide underground passage beneath the tracks and platforms with ticket offices, waiting rooms and service points. The investment also includes an underground tram stop integrating the station with the municipal transport network. The contract with the contractor was signed in 2020, and the opening of the underground passage on 28 November 2025 completed the modernization.
Significance: The reconstruction covered the busiest railway station in Poland, through which long-distance, metropolitan and transit traffic passes. The new station with its wide underground passage connected the Ochota and Wola districts and integrated the railway with municipal transport, including an underground tram stop. The investment was, however, completed with a delay of several years: the works were originally to be finished in 2023, but in fact lasted more than five years and were completed only at the end of 2025.
Sources:
  - Warszawa Zachodnia gotowa. Dworzec na miarę ambicji kolei! (Rynek Kolejowy, 2025-11-28): https://www.rynek-kolejowy.pl/wiadomosci/warszawa-zachodnia-gotowa-dworzec-na-miare-ambicji-kolei-125731.html
  - Otwieramy przejście na Zachodniej – domykamy jej modernizację (PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe S.A., 2025-11-28): https://www.plk-sa.pl/o-spolce/biuro-prasowe/informacje-prasowe/szczegoly/otwieramy-przejscie-na-zachodniej-domykamy-jej-modernizacje-11377
  - Podpisanie umowy z PKP PLK na przebudowę stacji Warszawa Zachodnia (Budimex S.A., 2020-07-07): https://budimex.pl/informacje-prasowe/podpisanie-umowy-z-pkp-plk-na-przebudowe-stacji-warszawa-zachodnia-537222/
  - Wykonawca wybrany na Warszawę Zachodnią. To Budimex za 2,4 mld zł (Rynek Kolejowy, 2020-05-18): https://www.rynek-kolejowy.pl/wiadomosci/wykonawca-wybrany-na-warszawe-zachodnia-to-budimex-za-24-mld-zl-148016.html
  - Budimex przekazał do eksploatacji stację Warszawa Zachodnia, wartość inwestycji to 2,7 mld zł (Bankier.pl, 2025-12-01): https://www.bankier.pl/wiadomosc/Budimex-przekazal-do-eksploatacji-stacje-Warszawa-Zachodnia-wartosc-inwestycji-to-2-7-mld-zl-9047439.html
  - Modernizacja stacji Warszawa Zachodnia zakończona. Duża zmiana dla podróżnych (eGospodarka.pl, 2025-11-28): https://www.egospodarka.pl/195416,Modernizacja-stacji-Warszawa-Zachodnia-zakonczona-Duza-zmiana-dla-podroznych,1,78,1.html
  - Warszawa Zachodnia otwarta. Nowy dworzec i tunel dla pasażerów (National Geographic Polska, 2025-11-28): https://www.national-geographic.pl/traveler/porady/nowy-dworzec-warszawa-zachodnia-juz-dziala-obszerne-przejscia-moglyby-pomiescic-boeinga-747/

## Vistula Spit Canal and Waterway to Elbląg
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/przekop-mierzei-wislanej
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 2.0 bn PLN | Investor: Urząd Morski w Gdyni
Timeline: announced 2016-05-24, started 2019, planned 2026
Outcome: delayed
Description: The multi-year program "Construction of a waterway connecting the Vistula Lagoon with the Bay of Gdańsk", established by a resolution of the Council of Ministers on 24 May 2016, comprises a shipping canal through the Vistula Spit at the Nowy Świat location and a waterway through the Vistula Lagoon and the Elbląg River with a depth of 5 m, forming a waterway nearly 23 km long to the port of Elbląg. The shipping canal was opened on 17 September 2022, and the value of the program rose from PLN 880 million to approx. PLN 1.98 billion. What remains to be done is the deepening of the final, approximately 900-metre section of the Elbląg River, for which the Ministry of Infrastructure announced a new tender in February 2025; according to declarations from 2024, the works are to be completed no later than the second quarter of 2026.
Significance: The waterway is intended to enable free, year-round navigation of seagoing vessels of all flags to the port of Elbląg and to make navigation on the Vistula Lagoon independent of Russia (from the Strait of Baltiysk). The economic viability of the investment is questioned: according to critics, at the original cost of PLN 880 million the return would occur after approximately 450 years, and until the final section of the Elbląg River is deepened the canal is used mainly by tourist yachts.
Sources:
  - RM podjęła uchwałę ws. budowy drogi wodnej łączącej Zalew Wiślany z Zatoką Gdańską (Prawo.pl, 2016-05-25): https://www.prawo.pl/biznes/rm-podjela-uchwale-ws-budowy-drogi-wodnej-laczacej-zalew-wislany-z-zatoka-gdanska,166503.html
  - 2 mld zamiast 880 mln zł. Dlaczego wzrósł koszt przekopu Mierzei Wiślanej? (Forsal.pl, 2020-11-23): https://forsal.pl/gospodarka/inwestycje/artykuly/8017535,2-mld-zamiast-880-mln-zl-dlaczego-wzrosl-koszt-przekopu-mierzei-wislanej.html
  - Kontrowersyjny przekop Mierzei Wiślanej stanie się faktem. Podpisano umowę (Forbes.pl, 2019-10-04): https://www.forbes.pl/gospodarka/kanal-przez-mierzeje-wislana-podpisano-umowe-z-wykonawca/ggt1jtq
  - Otwarto kanał żeglugowy przez Mierzeję Wiślaną. Premier: To droga wolności, nowych szans i nowych możliwości (RMF24, 2022-09-17): https://www.rmf24.pl/regiony/trojmiasto/news-otwarto-kanal-zeglugowy-przez-mierzeje-wislana-premier-to-dr,nId,6291806
  - Przekop przez Mierzeję Wiślaną finiszuje – w 2026 r. pierwsze statki wpłyną do Elbląga (Wodne Sprawy, 2024-06-12): https://wodnesprawy.pl/przekop-przez-mierzeje-wislana-finiszuje-w-2026-r/
  - Przekop Mierzei Wiślanej – czy to ma sens? Explainer (300Gospodarka, 2023-08-04): https://300gospodarka.pl/300klimat/przekop-mierzei-wislanej-czy-to-ma-sens-explainer
  - Urząd Morski w Gdyni podpisał umowę na tor wodny na rzece Elbląg (Urząd Morski w Gdyni, 2024-01-26): https://www.umgdy.gov.pl/aktualnosc/urzad-morski-w-gdyni-podpisal-umowe-na-tor-wodny-na-rzece-elblag/
  - Chcą zakończyć przekop Mierzei Wiślanej. Ogłoszono nowy przetarg (Money.pl, 2025-02-07): https://www.money.pl/gospodarka/jest-nowy-przetarg-inwestycja-ma-zakonczyc-przekop-mierzei-wislanej-7122638581017408a.html

## Connection of Poland to the NATO Fuel Pipeline System (CEPS)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/przylaczenie-do-natowskiego-systemu-rurociagow-paliwowych-ceps
Status: under construction | Stage: permits | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 20.0 bn PLN | Investor: n/a
Timeline: announced 2025-10
Description: The construction of fuel pipelines connecting the Polish distribution system with the NATO CEPS (Central Europe Pipeline System) — a section of approximately 300 km from the border with Germany to the PERN base in the Bydgoszcz area, together with fuel depots for the needs of Alliance forces. It will enable efficient fuel supply to allied troops stationed in Poland and the diversification of supply routes. Poland began efforts to connect to CEPS after the annexation of Crimea (2014); in October 2025 a preliminary agreement was signed between NATO's ZIOTP and the operator PERN S.A. Estimated cost: approx. PLN 20 billion. The project is part of a broader NATO program (~EUR 27 billion) for eastern-flank fuel infrastructure.
Significance: Integration with CEPS is one of the key undertakings of the defense and fuel infrastructure of NATO's eastern flank. It provides a fuel supply chain for allied troops in Poland that is independent of individual routes in the event of conflict, and strengthens energy security and military mobility on the Alliance's eastern flank.
Sources:
  - Polska wreszcie się doczekała. Dostaniemy dostęp do rurociągów NATO (money.pl, 2026-07): https://www.money.pl/gospodarka/polska-wreszcie-sie-doczekala-dostaniemy-dostep-do-rurociagow-nato-7206815332342528a.html
  - Polska otrzymała 60 mln zł z NATO na zaplanowanie ropociągu w ramach CEPS (Rzeczpospolita (energia.rp.pl), 2025): https://energia.rp.pl/ropa/art43123071-kiedy-podlaczymy-sie-do-rurociagu-nato
  - 27 mld euro na infrastrukturę paliwową wschodniej flanki NATO. Polska kluczowym beneficjentem (Defence24, 2026): https://defence24.pl/polityka-obronna/27-mld-euro-na-infrastrukture-paliwowa-wschodniej-flanki-nato-polska-kluczowym-beneficjentem
  - System paliwowych rurociągów NATO sięgać będzie aż pod Bydgoszcz (Bydgoszcz Informuje, 2026): https://bydgoszczinformuje.pl/system-paliwowych-rurociagow-nato-siegac-bedzie-az-pod-bydgoszcz/

## PSE Transmission Grid Development Plan 2025–2034
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/pse-plan-rozwoju-sieci
Status: under construction | Stage: announced | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 64.0 bn PLN | Investor: Polskie Sieci Elektroenergetyczne S.A.
Timeline: announced 2024-12-20, planned 2034
Description: A ten-year investment program of the transmission system operator PSE, agreed with the President of the Energy Regulatory Office (URE) on 20 December 2024. It assumes estimated expenditure of over PLN 64 billion by 2034 on the construction of approximately 4,700 km of circuits of new 400 kV lines, 28 new electrical substations, and the modernization of 110 existing substations. The plan prepares the national transmission grid for a step change in the growth of renewable capacity and energy demand. Its successor — the draft plan for the years 2027–2036, with expenditure of approximately PLN 66 billion — was published in early 2026.
Significance: The program is intended to enable the transfer of power from approximately 18 GW of offshore wind farms, approximately 45 GW of photovoltaic sources and more than 19 GW of onshore wind farms, providing the potential to produce approximately 160 TWh of renewable energy annually. The expansion of approximately 4,700 km of 400 kV line circuits and 28 new and 110 modernized substations forms the backbone of Poland's energy transformation, including the construction of the first national direct-current (HVDC) link connecting the north with the south of the country.
Sources:
  - Plan rozwoju sieci przesyłowej na lata 2025-2034 uzgodniony (Polskie Sieci Elektroenergetyczne (PSE)): https://www.pse.pl/-/projekt-nowego-planu-rozwoju-sieci-przesylowej-na-lata-2025-2034-uzgodniony
  - PSE uzgodniły plan rozwoju sieci przesyłowej; szac. nakłady na inwestycje do '34 to ponad 64 mld zł (Biznes PAP, 2025-01-02): https://biznes.pap.pl/wiadomosci/firmy/pse-uzgodnily-plan-rozwoju-sieci-przesylowej-szac-naklady-na-inwestycje-do-34
  - Projekt nowego planu rozwoju sieci przesyłowej na lata 2027-2036 (Polskie Sieci Elektroenergetyczne (PSE), 2026-02-02): https://www.pse.pl/-/projekt-nowego-planu-rozwoju-sieci-przesylowej-na-lata-2027-2036
  - Informacje podstawowe (Polskie Sieci Elektroenergetyczne (PSE)): https://www.pse.pl/o-nas/informacje-podstawowe

## PUM Clinical, Teaching and Research Centre at University Clinical Hospital No. 1 in Szczecin
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/pum-szczecin-centrum-kliniczno-dydaktyczno-badawcze
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 813 mln PLN | Investor: Pomorski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Szczecinie
Timeline: started 2023, planned 2026
Description: The Clinical, Teaching and Research Building of the Pomeranian Medical University (PUM) is the largest investment in the university's history, being built on ul. Unii Lubelskiej in Szczecin, opposite University Clinical Hospital No. 1. The facility, with a usable area of approximately 49,000 m², will house sixteen clinical and teaching units, including the Centre for Translational Medicine and the Collegium Pharmaceuticum, along with 49 teaching and lecture rooms, an auditorium for more than 400 people, and an underground garage for approximately 600 spaces. The investment is being carried out under the Multi-Year Program 2019-2026, and its total value is PLN 812,742,418, with co-financing from the Ministry of Health of PLN 802,098,000. Construction began at the end of 2023; the general contractor is a consortium of Korporacja Budowlana DORACO (leader) and PORR; the value of the construction works contract reached nearly PLN 519.8 million gross. The topping-out ceremony was held on 10 September 2025, and the facility is planned to be handed over for use in 2026, with full commissioning in the 2027/2028 academic year.
Significance: Described as the largest investment in the history of the Pomeranian Medical University, it is intended to consolidate the university's dispersed clinical, teaching and research activities in a single modern complex with an area of approximately 49,000 m². The building will house sixteen organizational units, including the Centre for Translational Medicine and the Collegium Pharmaceuticum, 49 teaching and lecture rooms, and an auditorium for more than 400 people, strengthening the base for training medical personnel and scientific research in the West Pomeranian region. Located opposite University Clinical Hospital No. 1, the facility is to be handed over for use in 2026 and reach full operation in the 2027/2028 academic year.
Sources:
  - Szczecin/ Wiecha zawisła na nowym budynku kliniczno-dydaktyczno-badawczym PUM (Nauka w Polsce (PAP), 2025-09-10): https://naukawpolsce.pl/aktualnosci/news,109471,szczecin-wiecha-zawisla-na-nowym-budynku-kliniczno-dydaktyczno-badawczym
  - PUM zrealizuje ważną inwestycję. Budynek kliniczno-dydaktyczno-badawczy ma powstać w trzy lata (Rynek Zdrowia, 2023-09): https://www.rynekzdrowia.pl/Inwestycje/PUM-zrealizuje-wazna-inwestycje-Budynek-kliniczno-dydaktyczno-badawczy-ma-powstac-w-trzy-lata,249633,3.html
  - Wielka inwestycja PUM za ponad pół miliarda złotych w Szczecinie (investmap.pl, 2023): https://investmap.pl/wielka-inwestycja-pum-za-ponad-pol-miliarda-zlotych-w-szczecinie-film-wizualizacje.a311299
  - Program Wieloletni 2019-2026 „Budowa wraz z wyposażeniem Budynku Kliniczno-Dydaktyczno-Badawczego" (Pomorski Uniwersytet Medyczny w Szczecinie): https://www.pum.edu.pl/aktualnosci/program_wieloletni/program_wieloletni_2019_2026_budowa_wraz_z_wyposaeniem_budynku_kliniczno_dydaktyczno_badawczego/

## Rail Baltica – Polish E75 Section (Warsaw – Białystok – Ełk – Trakiszki)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/rail-baltica-e75
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): n/a | Investor: PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe S.A.
Timeline: started 2017, planned 2030
Outcome: delayed
Description: A staged modernization of the Polish section of the international E75 Rail Baltica railway line from Warsaw via Białystok and Ełk to Trakiszki on the border with Lithuania, carried out by PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe S.A. and co-financed from the EU CEF "Connecting Europe" instrument. The Warszawa Rembertów–Sadowne and Sadowne–Czyżew sections were completed in 2015 and 2019; the modernization of Czyżew–Białystok (71 km, over PLN 3.3 billion net) began in 2020, and the record tender for the 100-kilometre Białystok–Ełk section (works planned through 2029) remained unresolved as of mid-2026 due to disputes before the National Appeals Chamber (KIO); the final stage is to be the Ełk–Trakiszki section (94 km).
Significance: After modernization, passenger trains on the Białystok–Ełk section are to run at speeds of up to 200 km/h, cutting the journey to 55 minutes; on the earlier sections passenger trains will accelerate to 160 km/h and freight trains to 120 km/h. The E75 corridor is part of a trans-European rail connection intended to link Poland with Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia, and ultimately with Finland.
Sources:
  - Rail Baltica – ogłaszamy rekordowy przetarg na odcinek Białystok – Ełk (PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe S.A., 2025-01-03): https://www.plk-sa.pl/o-spolce/biuro-prasowe/informacje-prasowe/szczegoly/rail-baltica-oglaszamy-rekordowy-przetarg-na-odcinek-bialystok-elk-10410
  - Z Białegostoku do Ełku w 55 minut, z prędkością 200 km/h. Modernizacja Rail Baltica za 4 mld zł (Portal Samorządowy, 2026-01-13): https://www.portalsamorzadowy.pl/inwestycje/z-bialegostoku-do-elku-w-55-minut-z-predkoscia-200-km-h-modernizacja-rail-baltica-za-4-mld-zl,644940.html
  - Rail Baltica – rusza modernizacja odcinka Czyżew – Białystok (PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe S.A., 2020-06-26): https://www.plk-sa.pl/o-spolce/biuro-prasowe/informacje-prasowe/szczegoly/rail-baltica-rusza-modernizacja-odcinka-czyzew-bialystok-4779
  - O inwestycji – Kolej na wschód (Rail Baltica) (PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe S.A.): https://www.rail-baltica.pl/o-inwestycji/
  - Starcie gigantów budowlanych. W tle umowa na miliardy. Branża zabrała głos (money.pl, 2026-02-22): https://www.money.pl/gospodarka/starcie-gigantow-budowlanych-w-tle-umowa-na-miliardy-branza-zabrala-glos-7257117384788352a.html

## MARIA Research Reactor (NCBJ, Świerk)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/reaktor-maria-ncbj-swierk
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): n/a | Investor: Narodowe Centrum Badań Jądrowych (NCBJ)
Timeline: started 1970-06, delivered 1974-12-18
Outcome: delivered
Description: The only operating nuclear reactor in Poland — a high-flux, pool-and-channel-type research reactor with a thermal power of 30 MW, operated by the National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ) in Świerk near Otwock. Construction began in June 1970, and the reactor achieved its first startup (critical state) on 18 December 1974 at the then Institute of Nuclear Research (today NCBJ). The reactor is used for scientific research, materials irradiation and — which is of strategic importance on a global scale — the production of radioactive isotopes for medicine. MARIA produces, among others, molybdenum-99 (the precursor of technetium-99m, the most important radionuclide in medical diagnostics), iodine-131, lutetium-177 and others, forming the basis of preparations exported under the POLATOM brand to more than 80 countries; the reactor provides approximately 10% of the world's molybdenum-99 production. MARIA is a strategic national facility: Poland has a research reactor but no nuclear power plant (the historical Żarnowiec NPP project was abandoned — a separate record).
Significance: MARIA is the only operating nuclear reactor in Poland and one of the world's key producers of molybdenum-99 — the radionuclide from which technetium-99m, the most important isotope in medical diagnostics, is obtained. The reactor provides approximately 10% of the world's molybdenum-99 production, and the isotopes produced in it (including iodine-131, lutetium-177, phosphorus-32, samarium-153, cobalt-60, holmium-166) form the basis of preparations exported under the POLATOM brand to more than 80 countries. After more than half a century of operation (startup in 1974), the facility remains a strategic scientific and medical infrastructure of the state — while at the same time Poland has no operating nuclear power plant. In 2024 the reactor marked its 50th anniversary of operation.
Sources:
  - Reaktor MARIA kończy 50 lat (Polska Agencja Prasowa (PAP), 2024-12): https://www.pap.pl/aktualnosci/reaktor-maria-konczy-50-lat
  - Reaktor Maria (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reaktor_Maria
  - MARIA research reactor (Narodowe Centrum Badań Jądrowych (NCBJ)): https://www.ncbj.gov.pl/en/about/maria-research-reactor

## Google Cloud Warsaw Region
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/region-google-cloud-warszawa
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 8.0 bn PLN | Investor: Google (Google Cloud)
Timeline: announced 2019-09, delivered 2021-04-14
Outcome: delivered
Description: The Google Cloud computing region in Warsaw, launched on 14 April 2021 as the first region of a global public cloud provider in Central and Eastern Europe. It was created as a result of a strategic partnership between Google and Operator Chmury Krajowej (OChK), a company established by the Polish Development Fund (PFR) and PKO Bank Polski. The region launched with three availability zones and the full catalogue of Google Cloud services.
Significance: The first public cloud computing region of a global provider in Central and Eastern Europe, providing local data storage and processing with low latency for companies and public institutions in Poland and the region. At the time of its opening it was the 25th Google Cloud region in the world and the seventh in Europe, and at the same time Google's largest digital investment in Poland to date.
Sources:
  - The Google Cloud region in Warsaw, Poland is now open (Google Cloud, 2021-04-14): https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/infrastructure/google-cloud-region-in-warsaw-poland-is-now-open
  - Najwieksza cyfrowa inwestycja Google w Polsce staje sie faktem. Warszawa czescia globalnej sieci Google Cloud (Kancelaria Prezesa Rady Ministrow (gov.pl), 2021-04-14): https://www.gov.pl/web/premier/najwieksza-cyfrowa-inwestycja-google-w-polsce-staje-sie-faktem-warszawa-czescia-globalnej-sieci-google-cloud
  - Google Unveils $2bn Data Hub in Poland (Asharq Al-Awsat (Reuters), 2021-04-14): https://english.aawsat.com/home/article/2918451/google-unveils-2bn-data-hub-poland
  - Mamy wzor na przyspieszenie: region Google Cloud Warszawa juz dostepny! (Operator Chmury Krajowej (OChK), 2021-04-14): https://ochk.cloud/pl/dziennik-chmurowy/region-google-cloud-warszawa-juz-dostepny
  - Increasing Google's investment in Poland (Google (The Keyword blog), 2022-03-07): https://blog.google/around-the-globe/google-europe/increasing-googles-investment-in-poland/
  - Google announces AI partnership with Poland (Notes from Poland, 2025-02-13): https://notesfrompoland.com/2025/02/13/google-announces-ai-partnership-with-poland/

## Regional Competence Centre for Abrams Tanks at WZM Poznań
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/regionalne-centrum-kompetencyjne-czolgow-abrams-w-wzm-poznan
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): n/a | Investor: Wojskowe Zakłady Motoryzacyjne S.A.
Timeline: delivered 2024-02-20
Outcome: delivered
Description: The Regional Competence Centre (RCK) for Abrams tanks was established at Wojskowe Zakłady Motoryzacyjne S.A. in Poznań and officially opened on 20 February 2024. The centre provides servicing, repairs, overhauls, and future modifications and upgrades of Abrams-family tanks (M1A1 FEP and M1A2 SEPv3) being acquired for the Polish Armed Forces, and is ultimately intended also to service the vehicles of U.S. forces stationed in Poland and other European countries, as well as those of other European Abrams operators. In 2025 a new production hall of 20,000 m² was brought into use, and the first training of Polish specialists began in June 2025.
Significance: The centre builds domestic and regional capacity to service and overhaul Abrams tanks, reducing dependence on sending equipment abroad and shortening servicing time and cost. Its role extends beyond the Polish fleet: it is intended to become a regional MRO base for U.S. forces operating Abrams tanks in Europe and for other European states operating these tanks, strengthening the position of the Polish defence industry and the logistical security of NATO's eastern flank.
Sources:
  - Abramsy z serwisem w Poznaniu. Regionalne Centrum Kompetencyjne w WZM (Defence24, 2024-02): https://defence24.pl/przemysl/abramsy-z-serwisem-w-poznaniu-regionalne-centrum-kompetencyjne-w-wzm
  - Regionalne Centrum Kompetencyjne czołgów Abrams otwarte (Miasto Poznań, 2024-02-20): https://www.poznan.pl/mim/info/news/regionalne-centrum-kompetencyjne-czolgow-abrams-otwarte,223357.html
  - Abrams Main Battle Tank Maintenance In Poznań. Regional Centre of Excellence at WZM (Defence24, 2024-02): https://defence24.com/industry/abrams-main-battle-tank-maintenance-in-poznan-regional-centre-of-excellence-at-wzm
  - Regionalne Centrum Kompetencyjne Abrams w pełni gotowe. Nowa hala WZM gotowa na przyjęcie czołgów (Portal Obronny, 2026-02-03): https://portalobronny.se.pl/przemysl-zbrojeniowy/regionalne-centrum-kompetencyjne-abrams-w-pelni-gotowe-nowa-hala-wzm-gotowa-na-przyjecie-czolgow-aa-aFkA-gkBY-sbNm.html
  - W Poznaniu otwarto Regionalne Centrum Kompetencyjne czołgów Abrams (WNP.pl, 2024-02): https://www.wnp.pl/finanse/w-poznaniu-otwarto-regionalne-centrum-kompetencyjne-czolgow-abrams,806714.html
  - WZM budują kluczowe zaplecze serwisowe dla czołgów Abrams (Portal Obronny, 2026): https://portalobronny.se.pl/przemysl-zbrojeniowy/wzm-buduja-kluczowe-zaplecze-serwisowe-dla-czolgow-abrams-aa-bNRW-eemW-bvY4.html

## Expansion of the A2 Motorway Łódź–Warsaw with a Third/Fourth Lane
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/rozbudowa-autostrady-a2-lodz-warszawa-o-trzeci-czwarty-pas
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 1.5 bn PLN | Investor: Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad (GDDKiA)
Timeline: announced 2025-07-03, started 2026-06, planned 2028
Outcome: delayed
Description: Expansion of the A2 motorway along a section with a total length of 92 km between the Łódź Północ junction and the Konotopa junction near Warsaw, of which 89 km involves adding extra traffic lanes. The investment is carried out by GDDKiA in four sections; the first contract, for the Grodzisk Mazowiecki–Konotopa section (17.2 km), was concluded with Strabag for nearly PLN 257 million. The estimated cost of the entire undertaking is nearly PLN 1.5 billion.
Significance: Expanding one of the most heavily loaded routes in the country with an additional traffic lane in each direction is intended to increase the capacity of the Łódź–Warsaw corridor. During the works, two traffic lanes will remain available on each carriageway, and the speed on the sections covered by the works will be reduced. The expanded stretch is intended to be the country's first energy-self-sufficient motorway.
Sources:
  - Rusza rozbudowa A2 między Warszawą i Łodzią (Ministerstwo Infrastruktury (gov.pl), 2026-06-26): https://www.gov.pl/web/infrastruktura/rusza-rozbudowa-a2-miedzy-warszawa-i-lodzia
  - Rusza skomplikowana inwestycja GDDKiA. Kierowcy zapłacą czasem (Money.pl, 2026-06-27): https://www.money.pl/mobility/to-juz-pewne-a2-pod-warszawa-bedzie-szersza-gddkia-podpisala-umowe-7301268463048896a.html
  - Kolejny krok do rozbudowy A2 (GDDKiA Oddział Łódź (gov.pl), 2025): https://www.gov.pl/web/gddkia-lodz/kolejny-krok-do-rozbudowy-a2
  - Autostrada A2 Warszawa-Łódź do rozbudowy. Znamy koszt i terminy (Forsal.pl, 2025-07): https://forsal.pl/transport/drogi/artykuly/10601332,autostrada-a2-warszawa-lodz-do-rozbudowy-znamy-koszt-i-terminy-ustaw.html

## Expansion of the A4 Motorway Krzyżowa–Legnica–Wrocław (+ S5 Sobótka–Bolków)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/rozbudowa-autostrady-a4-krzyzowa-legnica-wroclaw-s5-sobotka
Status: planned | Stage: permits | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): n/a | Investor: Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad (GDDKiA)
Timeline: n/a
Description: A programme to expand the Lower Silesian section of the A4 motorway from the Krzyżowa junction through Legnica to Wrocław, together with construction of the S5 expressway Sobótka–Bolków, led by GDDKiA. It provides for widening the existing two-lane motorway to a layout with three traffic lanes in each direction plus a hard shoulder. The most advanced section, Krzyżowa–Legnica (approx. 35 km, divided into tasks of approx. 14 km and approx. 21 km), received its first environmental decision on 14 January 2026 and is to be carried out under the "Design and Build" formula in 2027–2029. For the longer Legnica Południe–Wrocław section (approx. 80 km) and the new S5 Sobótka–Bolków route (approx. 50 km), studies and preparatory work are underway, with construction of the S5 expected in 2028–2032. The undertaking is included in the Government Programme for the Construction of National Roads until 2030 (with a horizon to 2033). The total investment cost has not yet been disclosed.
Significance: The programme covers one of the oldest and most heavily trafficked motorway corridors in Poland — the Lower Silesian section of the A4 — and completes the expressway network with the missing S5 connection towards Bolków. Widening to three traffic lanes in each direction along with a hard shoulder is intended to raise capacity and safety on the transit route linking the German border, the Wrocław agglomeration, and the south of the country. The scale of the undertaking — more than 160 km of expansion and new roads in total within a single voivodeship — makes it one of the largest road investment programmes in Lower Silesia, though it remains at the stage of environmental decisions and design documentation, and the final implementation date and budget have not yet been settled.
Sources:
  - Mamy już pierwszą decyzję środowiskową dla rozbudowy A4 Krzyżowa – Legnica (Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad – Oddział Wrocław (gov.pl), 2026-01): https://www.gov.pl/web/gddkia-wroclaw/mamy-juz-pierwsza-decyzje-srodowiskowa-dla-rozbudowy-a4-krzyzowa---legnica
  - A4 Legnica Południe – Wrocław Wschód / węzeł Stary Śleszów i S5 Sobótka – Bolków (Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad (gov.pl)): https://www.gov.pl/web/gddkia/a4-legnica-poludnie-z-wezlem--wroclaw-wschod-bez-wezlawezel-stary-sleszow-z-wezlem
  - Rozbudowa autostrady A4 na odcinku Krzyżowa – Legnica (STEŚR) (GDDKiA / Transprojekt-Warszawa): https://a4-krzyzowa-legnica-stesr.pl/

## Expansion and Modernisation of Poznań-Ławica Airport
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/rozbudowa-i-modernizacja-portu-lotniczego-poznan-lawica
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 1.3 bn PLN | Investor: Port Lotniczy Poznań-Ławica Sp. z o.o.
Timeline: planned 2027
Description: A multi-year investment programme at Poznań-Ławica Airport with a total value of approx. PLN 1.274 billion, covering the modernisation and expansion of terminal and airfield infrastructure. Approx. PLN 600 million is earmarked for terminal expansion (including expansion of the check-in hall by approx. 1,360 m²), approx. PLN 160 million for a new aircraft apron, and approx. PLN 356 million for investments in renewable energy sources, including a so-called hydrogen model — a hub producing hydrogen from electrolysis powered by photovoltaic energy. In 2025 modernisation works were underway (including on the Central Security Control Zone), and in November 2025 a tender was announced for the documentation of the check-in hall expansion, whose delivery is planned before the 2027 high season.
Significance: The programme is intended to increase the capacity and comfort of handling growing traffic in Poznań (in 2024 the airport handled approx. 3.6 million passengers), creating new aircraft parking positions and an enlarged check-in hall. A distinctive element, unusual for a Polish regional airport, is the energy component worth approx. PLN 356 million, covering renewable energy sources and a hydrogen hub, which places the investment within the energy transformation of aviation.
Sources:
  - "Lotnisko między Berlinem a Warszawą zawsze będzie mieć trudno" (Rynek Lotniczy): https://www.rynek-lotniczy.pl/wiadomosci/34lotnisko-miedzy-berlinem-a-warszawa-zawsze-bedzie-miec-trudno34-23851.html
  - Terminal poznańskiego lotniska będzie rozbudowany. Ogłoszono przetarg (Pasazer.com, 2025-11): https://www.pasazer.com/news/469033/terminal,poznanskiego,lotniska,bedzie,rozbudowany,ogloszono,przetarg.html
  - Przebudowa 2025 - Port Lotniczy Poznań-Ławica (Port Lotniczy Poznań-Ławica, 2025): https://poznanairport.pl/aktualnosci/biznes/przebudowa-2025/
  - Port lotniczy Poznań-Ławica - rozbudowa i modernizacja infrastruktury lotniskowej i portowej (Mapa Dotacji UE (gov.pl)): https://mapadotacji.gov.pl/projekty/688706/?lang=en
  - Rozbudowa lotniska Ławica w Poznaniu za ponad miliard złotych. Znamy więcej szczegółów (Głos Wielkopolski): https://gloswielkopolski.pl/lotnisko-w-poznaniu-szykuje-sie-do-wielkiej-rozbudowy-za-ponad-miliard-zlotych-znamy-coraz-wiecej-szczegolow/ar/c1p2-28939901

## Expansion of Microsoft's Cloud and AI Infrastructure in Poland
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/rozbudowa-infrastruktury-chmurowej-i-ai-microsoft-w-polsce
Status: under construction | Stage: announced | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 2.8 bn PLN | Investor: Microsoft
Timeline: announced 2025-02-17, planned 2026-06
Description: An investment programme by Microsoft announced on 17 February 2025, providing for expenditure of PLN 2.8 billion by the end of June 2026 on expanding hyperscale cloud and artificial intelligence infrastructure in Poland. The funds are to support the development of existing data centre campuses of the Azure Poland Central region near Warsaw and to broaden the scope of Azure services. The investment is accompanied by a training programme for one million people and cooperation with the Ministry of National Defence in the area of cybersecurity. The announcement was presented by Brad Smith and Prime Minister Donald Tusk.
Significance: The expansion is intended to increase the computing power available for AI and cloud workloads in the Azure Poland Central region, the first hyperscale cloud region in Central and Eastern Europe. The accompanying training programme covers one million Polish IT workers, teachers, lecturers, and developers, and the cooperation with the Ministry of National Defence is intended to strengthen national cybersecurity.
Sources:
  - Microsoft ogłasza inwestycję 2,8 mld zł w infrastrukturę chmurową, sztuczną inteligencję, umiejętności oraz cyberbezpieczeństwo w Polsce (Microsoft, 2025-02-17): https://news.microsoft.com/pl-pl/2025/02/17/microsoft-oglasza-inwestycje-28-mld-zl-w-infrastrukture-chmurowa-sztuczna-inteligencje-umiejetnosci-oraz-cyberbezpieczenstwo-w-polsce/
  - Microsoft announces a PLN 2.8 billion investment in cloud and AI infrastructure, skilling and cybersecurity in Poland (Microsoft, 2025-02-17): https://news.microsoft.com/pl-pl/2025/02/17/microsoft-announces-a-pln-2-8-billion-investment-in-cloud-and-ai-infrastructure-skilling-and-cybersecurity-in-poland/
  - Microsoft launches its first datacenter region in Poland (Microsoft News Centre Europe, 2023-04-26): https://news.microsoft.com/europe/2023/04/26/microsoft-launches-its-first-datacenter-region-in-poland-bringing-new-opportunities-to-develop-the-digital-economy/
  - Microsoft to invest $704m into expanding Polish data centers (DataCenterDynamics, 2025-02-17): https://www.datacenterdynamics.com/en/news/microsoft-to-invest-704m-into-expanding-polish-data-centers/

## Expansion of Kraków Airport (New Investment Plan: Terminal Stage I + New Runway)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/rozbudowa-krakow-airport-nowy-plan-inwestycyjny-terminal-eta
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 4.2 bn PLN | Investor: Kraków Airport – Międzynarodowy Port Lotniczy im. Jana Pawła II Kraków-Balice sp. z o.o.
Timeline: started 2026-05-13, planned 2032
Description: The New Investment Plan of Kraków Airport (John Paul II International Airport Kraków-Balice) comprises 19 tasks with a total value of approx. PLN 4.2 billion and is the largest expansion programme in the history of the Balice airport. A key element is the construction of a new part of the passenger terminal (T6) with an area of nearly 45,000 m², with 11 new gates, 54 passport control booths, and 20 ABC gates. The contract for the terminal expansion, worth PLN 537.7 million, was signed on 13 May 2026 with the contractor Mostostal Warszawa SA; the new part is planned to be brought into use in mid-2029. The plan also provides for the construction of a new runway and the modernisation of the apron and airfield infrastructure. All stages of the programme are to be completed by 2032.
Significance: The expansion is intended to address the overload of Kraków Airport — the second-largest airport in Poland and the largest regional one. After the new part of the terminal is brought into use (approx. 2029), the airport is to handle up to 16 million passengers per year, and after completion of all stages by 2032, more than 20 million. The new runway and modernisation of the apron are intended to remove the infrastructural barriers limiting further growth of traffic in Balice.
Sources:
  - Rusza rozbudowa terminalu pasażerskiego Kraków Airport (Ministerstwo Infrastruktury (gov.pl), 2026-05-13): https://www.gov.pl/web/infrastruktura/rusza-rozbudowa-terminalu-pasazerskiego-krakow-airport
  - Wielka rozbudowa Kraków Airport! Ponad pół miliarda na terminal (Obserwator Logistyczny, 2026-05-13): https://obserwatorlogistyczny.pl/2026/05/13/wielka-rozbudowa-krakow-airport-ponad-pol-miliarda-na-terminal/
  - Budowa terminala lotniska w Krakowie na start. Podpisują umowę z wykonawcą (Architektura Murator Plus, 2026-05-13): https://architektura.muratorplus.pl/realizacje/budowa-terminala-lotniska-w-krakowie-na-start-podpisuja-umowe-z-wykonawca-moga-wreszcie-ruszyc-prace-aa-h2Rp-Jafr-XaLw.html
  - Kraków Airport ogłasza rekordowy plan inwestycyjny. 19 zadań za ok. 4,2 mld zł (KRKnews, 2026-02-10): https://krknews.pl/krakow-airport-oglasza-rekordowy-plan-inwestycyjny-19-zadan-za-ok-42-mld-zl/

## Expansion of Warsaw Chopin Airport (Terminal A)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/rozbudowa-lotniska-chopina-warszawa
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 400 mln PLN | Investor: Przedsiębiorstwo Państwowe „Porty Lotnicze” (PPL)
Timeline: started 2012-09, delivered 2015-05
Outcome: delivered
Description: The reconstruction and modernisation of the Frédéric Chopin Airport in Warsaw (Okęcie), as a result of which the former Terminal 1 — with its characteristic beetroot-coloured roof — was integrated with the newer part of the terminal into a single facility named Terminal A. The reconstruction of the old part of the terminal began in September 2012, after the Euro 2012 football championships, and was carried out over approx. 2.5 years, until April 2015; the modernised part was brought into use in May 2015. The facility has seven storeys with an area of 60,000 m², with 48 check-in desks and 6 self-service desks; after being joined with the previously used part, the whole Terminal A has approx. 154,500 m², and its capacity was assessed at approx. 20 million passengers per year. The investment cost approx. PLN 400 million net and was partly financed with European Union funds (Operational Programme Infrastructure and Environment 2007–2013). The general contractor was a consortium of HOCHTIEF Polska and HOCHTIEF Solutions AG. The airport is managed by the state enterprise "Porty Lotnicze" (PPL).
Significance: The modernised Terminal A became the main and most modern passenger terminal of Chopin Airport — the largest airport in Poland — with a capacity assessed at approx. 20 million passengers per year. The expansion provided a direct, underground connection between the arrivals hall and the Warszawa Lotnisko Chopina railway station, increased the number of check-in desks and security control points, and made a glazed viewing terrace available. Photovoltaic cells with an area of approx. 7,000 m² were installed on the roof of the modernised part. The investment, carried out by the HOCHTIEF consortium, was awarded the title of Construction of the Year.
Sources:
  - Lotnisko Chopina w Warszawie (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotnisko_Chopina_w_Warszawie
  - Modernization of Zone 1 of Terminal A of the Chopin Airport in Warsaw (HOCHTIEF Polska): https://www.hochtief.pl/en/realizacja/modernization-of-t1-terminal-of-the-chopin-airport-in-warsaw/
  - Warsaw Chopin Airport Terminal A, Warsaw (Airport Technology): https://www.airport-technology.com/projects/warsaw-chopin-airport-terminal-a-warsaw/
  - Lotnisko Chopina: Otwarcie przebudowanego terminalu wcześniej niż planowano? (Rynek Lotniczy, 2015-05-20): https://www.rynek-lotniczy.pl/wiadomosci/lotnisko-chopina-otwarcie-przebudowanego-terminalu-wczesniej-niz-planowano-49312.html
  - Lotnisko Chopina otwiera nowy terminal (zwrot.cz, 2015-05-13): https://zwrot.cz/2015/05/lotnisko-chopina-otwiera-nowy-terminal/

## Expansion of the Żelazny Most Mining Waste Disposal Facility — Southern Quarter
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/rozbudowa-ouow-zelazny-most-kwatera-poludniowa
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 1.0 bn PLN | Investor: KGHM Polska Miedź S.A.
Timeline: delivered 2021-11-03
Outcome: delivered
Description: Construction of a new Southern Quarter as part of the Żelazny Most Mining Waste Disposal Facility (OUOW) — the largest tailings storage facility in Europe, owned by KGHM Polska Miedź. The expansion included preparatory works and the construction of dams surrounding the new quarter and was intended to ensure continuity of depositing waste from KGHM's mining and metallurgical chain for years to come. The investment was carried out by Budimex, and the facility was officially opened at the turn of 2021, seven months ahead of schedule despite the pandemic.
Significance: The expansion secures the continuity of depositing approx. 30 million tonnes of tailings per year, which is crucial for the uninterrupted operation of KGHM's entire mining and metallurgical chain. Together with the newly added Southern Quarter, the facility covers more than 2,000 ha, remaining the largest storage facility of its kind in Europe. A new method of building dams on the outside of the quarter was applied, intended to improve safety and environmental protection in the region of the Legnica-Głogów Copper District.
Sources:
  - Kwatera Południowa Żelaznego Mostu KGHM oficjalnie otwarta (Ministerstwo Aktywów Państwowych (gov.pl), 2021-11-03): https://www.gov.pl/web/aktywa-panstwowe/kwatera-poludniowa-zelaznego-mostu-kghm-oficjalnie-otwarta
  - KGHM otwiera Kwaterę Południową. Innowacyjne rozwiązania w trosce o bezpieczeństwo i środowisko (KGHM Polska Miedź S.A. (biuro prasowe), 2021-11-03): https://media.kghm.com/pl/informacje-prasowe/kghm-otwiera-kwatere-poludniowa-innowacyjne-rozwiazania-w-trosce-o-bezpieczenstwo-i-srodowisko
  - „Żelazny Most”: Budimex zbuduje kwaterę południową. Jest umowa (Inżynieria.com, 2018-05-08): https://inzynieria.com/geoinzynieria/wiadomosci/52290,zelazny-most-budimex-zbuduje-kwatere-poludniowa-jest-umowa
  - Żelazny Most (zbiornik odpadów) (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Żelazny_Most_(zbiornik_odpadów)
  - KGHM nie zwalnia tempa – dobiega końca pierwsza faza budowy Kwatery Południowej OUOW Żelazny Most (KGHM Polska Miedź S.A. (biuro prasowe), 2020): https://media.kghm.com/pl/informacje-prasowe/kghm-nie-zwalnia-tempa-dobiega-konca-pierwsza-faza-budowy-kwatery-poludniowej-ouow-zelazny-most
  - KGHM: Kwatera Południowa Żelaznego Mostu zabezpieczy odpady (Inżynieria.com, 2021-11-03): https://inzynieria.com/budownictwo/projekty/62792,kwatera-poludniowa-zelaznego-mostu-kghm-otwarta

## Expansion of the Wierzchowice Underground Gas Storage Facility to 2.1 billion m3
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/rozbudowa-podziemnego-magazynu-gazu-wierzchowice-do-2-1-mld
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 576 mln PLN | Investor: Grupa ORLEN
Timeline: announced 2023-08, started 2023-08-30, planned 2026
Description: Expansion of Poland's largest underground gas storage facility (PMG) in Wierzchowice in Lower Silesia, carried out by the ORLEN Group. The investment increases the facility's working capacity by 800 million m3 — from the previous 1.3 billion m3 to 2.1 billion m3. The scope of work includes, among other things, drilling new wells and expanding the gas injection and withdrawal infrastructure; injection capacity is to rise by one third to 19.2 million m3 per day, and withdrawal capacity by 66 percent to 24 million m3 per day. Work began in August 2023 with the drilling of the first well, and completion is planned for the turn of 2025 and 2026. The estimated cost of the investment is approx. PLN 576 million. Upon completion, the total capacity of the country's gas storage facilities will increase by approx. 25 percent and exceed 4 billion m3.
Significance: The expansion increases the working capacity of the Wierzchowice PMG to 2.1 billion m3, so that the facility will hold about half of the country's gas storage capacity. The total capacity of Poland's storage facilities will increase by approx. 25 percent and exceed 4 billion m3, strengthening the country's energy security. Higher injection capacity (up to 19.2 million m3/day) and withdrawal capacity (up to 24 million m3/day) improves the flexibility of managing gas reserves during periods of peak demand.
Sources:
  - ORLEN stawia na bezpieczeństwo – rusza największa inwestycja w krajowe magazyny gazu (ORLEN S.A. (komunikat prasowy), 2023-08): https://www.orlen.pl/pl/o-firmie/media/komunikaty-prasowe/archiwum/2023/Sierpien-2023/ORLEN-stawia-na-bezpieczenstwo--rusza-najwieksza-inwestycja--w-krajowe-magazyny-gazu
  - Orlen zaczyna rozbudowę magazynu gazu Wierzchowice (Polska Agencja Prasowa (PAP), 2023-08-30): https://www.pap.pl/aktualnosci/orlen-zaczyna-rozbudowe-magazynu-gazu-wierzchowice
  - Rozpoczęła się rozbudowa kluczowego obiektu gazowego w kraju (WNP.pl (Wirtualny Nowy Przemysł), 2023-08-30): https://www.wnp.pl/energia/rozpoczela-sie-rozbudowa-kluczowego-obiektu-gazowego-w-kraju,746089.html
  - Orlen rozpoczął rozbudowę Podziemnego Magazynu Gazu w Wierzchowicach (StrefaInwestorow.pl, 2023-08-30): https://strefainwestorow.pl/wiadomosci/20230830/orlen-rozpoczal-rozbudowe-podziemnego-magazynu-gazu-w-wierzchowicach
  - Orlen rusza z rozbudową magazynu gazu w Wierzchowicach do 2,1 mld m3 (WysokieNapiecie.pl, 2023-08-30): https://wysokienapiecie.pl/krotkie-spiecie/orlen-rusza-z-rozbudow-magazynu-gazu-w-wierzchowicach-do-2-1-mld-m3/

## Expansion of Warsaw-Modlin Airport (Stages I and II)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/rozbudowa-portu-lotniczego-warszawa-modlin-etap-i-i-ii
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 500 mln PLN | Investor: Mazowiecki Port Lotniczy Warszawa-Modlin sp. z o.o.
Timeline: n/a
Description: The expansion programme for Warsaw-Modlin Airport (Mazowiecki Port Lotniczy Warszawa-Modlin, approx. 37 km from the centre of Warsaw) envisages increasing the airport's capacity to 7-8 million passengers per year, compared with approx. 3.5 million handled in 2023. The first stage, valued at nearly PLN 500 million, includes expanding the terminal on the western and eastern sides (doubling the number of gates from four to eight), modernising the baggage sorting facility, the taxiways, and completing the car parks. In parallel, in response to the rapid growth in traffic (in January 2026 the airport handled approx. 218 thousand passengers, 96 percent more year on year), the airport is building an additional, temporary terminal with a steel structure and a membrane roof for approx. PLN 5.4 million, planned for delivery before the 2026 holiday season.
Significance: The expansion responds to the dynamic growth in traffic at Modlin, which in 2026 is one of the fastest-growing Polish airports. Ultimately, the first stage will raise capacity to 7-8 million passengers per year, roughly double the traffic of 2023 (approx. 3.5 million). Further stages are being considered over the longer term, with a target on the order of a dozen to twenty million passengers per year. The investment is accompanied by improved transport accessibility to the airport, including a junction with the S7 expressway and a planned railway line to the Modlin-Lotnisko station.
Sources:
  - W pierwszym etapie rozbudowa lotniska w Modlinie będzie kosztować ok. 500 mln zł (WNP.pl, 2024-12): https://www.wnp.pl/logistyka/w-pierwszym-etapie-rozbudowa-lotniska-w-modlinie-bedzie-kosztowac-ok-500-mln-zl,897350.html
  - 500 mln złotych pochłonie I etap rozbudowy lotniska w Modlinie (Rynek Lotniczy, 2024-12): https://www.rynek-lotniczy.pl/wiadomosci/500-mln-zlotych-pochlonie-i-etap-rozbudowy-lotniska-w-modlinie-22935.html
  - Polskie lotnisko pochłonie 0,5 mld zł. To tylko pierwszy etap (Interia Biznes, 2024-12): https://biznes.interia.pl/gospodarka/news-polskie-lotnisko-pochlonie-0-5-mld-zl-to-tylko-pierwszy-etap,nId,7879068
  - Lotnisko w Modlinie rozbudowuje terminal. Ma być gotowy do wakacji (Money.pl, 2026-02): https://www.money.pl/gospodarka/lotnisko-w-modlinie-rozbudowuje-terminal-ma-byc-gotowy-do-wakacji-7258455879276928a.html
  - Dodatkowy terminal na lotnisku Modlin ma powstać do wakacji. Obsłuży rosnący ruch (TransInfo.pl, 2026-02): https://transinfo.pl/infoair/dodatkowy-terminal-na-lotnisku-modlin-ma-powstac-do-wakacji-obsluzy-rosnacy-ruch/
  - Rozbudują lotnisko pod Warszawą. Wiadomo, ile to będzie kosztować (Money.pl, 2024-12): https://www.money.pl/gospodarka/rozbuduja-lotnisko-pod-warszawa-wiadomo-ile-to-bedzie-kosztowac-7105044168862464a.html

## Expansion of Wrocław Airport (Operational Area, Stage I)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/rozbudowa-portu-lotniczego-wroclaw-strefa-operacyjna-etap-i
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 377 mln PLN | Investor: Port Lotniczy Wrocław
Timeline: started 2024-10, planned 2026-12
Description: The largest investment in the history of Wrocław Airport, comprising in its first stage the expansion of the operational area (airside): a new apron for 14 code C aircraft, a rapid exit taxiway, a new taxiway 2.5 km long, and a de-icing pad. The main contractor is STRABAG Infrastruktura Południe; work was inaugurated at the end of October 2024, with completion planned for December 2026. To connect the new infrastructure with the runway, the airport was closed in its entirety from 26 October to 4 December 2025. The investment, worth just under PLN 377 million net, is co-financed by the EU CEF2 instrument with an amount of PLN 175 million.
Significance: The expansion nearly doubles the airport's operational capabilities: the new apron will allow 28 aircraft to be parked simultaneously, and the airport's target capacity is to increase to 8-10 million passengers per year (from a level of approx. 4-4.5 million). The full closure of the airport for 40 days (26.10-4.12.2025) was a rare precedent on a national scale, necessary to integrate the new infrastructure with the runway.
Sources:
  - Rozbudowa lotniska we Wrocławiu startuje. Największa inwestycja w historii; lotnisko zamknięte X–XII 2025 (Wroclaw.pl, 2025): https://www.wroclaw.pl/dla-mieszkanca/rozbudowa-lotniska-we-wroclawiu-startuje-najwieksza-inwestycja-w-historii-wroclawskie-lotnisko-zamkniete-pazdziernik-grudzien-2025
  - Zamkną jedno z najważniejszych lotnisk w Polsce. Takiej inwestycji jeszcze nie było (Money.pl, 2025): https://www.money.pl/gospodarka/zamkna-jedno-z-najwazniejszych-lotnisk-w-polsce-takiej-inwestycji-jeszcze-nie-bylo-to-skok-7082615337179712a.html
  - STRABAG rozbuduje Port Lotniczy Wrocław (STRABAG, 2024): https://www.strabag.pl/databases/internet/_public/content.nsf/web/4C5FAD5F271386F1C1258BB300334EA4
  - Rozbudowa lotniska we Wrocławiu w kluczowej fazie (Rynek Lotniczy, 2026-04-26): https://www.rynek-lotniczy.pl/wiadomosci/rozbudowa-lotniska-we-wroclawiu-w-kluczowej-fazie-zdjecia-27505.html
  - Rozbudowa lotniska przebiega zgodnie z planem. Największa inwestycja w historii Portu Lotniczego Wrocław (Wroclaw.pl, 2025): https://www.wroclaw.pl/dla-mieszkanca/przebudowa-lotniska-wroclaw-postepy-zdjecia-termin-zamkniecia-lotniska

## Expansion of the Water and Wastewater System of the Warsaw Agglomeration (Czajka, FEnIKS phase)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/rozbudowa-systemu-wodno-sciekowego-warszawa-czajka-feniks
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 546 mln PLN | Investor: Warszawskie Miejskie Przedsiębiorstwo Wodociągów i Kanalizacji w m.st. Warszawie S.A. (MPWiK)
Timeline: announced 2024-09-03, planned 2028
Description: Phase VII of the programme "Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment in Warsaw", carried out by Warsaw's MPWiK with co-financing from the European Funds for Infrastructure, Climate, Environment programme (FEnIKS 2021-2027, measure 1.3). It covers 38 tasks (including 33 infrastructure tasks) — the construction and modernisation of over 20 km of sewer networks and collectors in several districts, and, as part of Stage IV, the expansion and modernisation of the wastewater conveyance system to the Czajka treatment plant (two retention-transit collectors 2 m in diameter beneath the Vistula, connecting the "Nowodwory" and Żerań pumping stations). The co-financing agreement was signed in September 2024, and completion of the works is anticipated for 2028. This is a separate, current FEnIKS phase — it should not be confused with the earlier Phase VI (POIiŚ 2014-2020, approx. PLN 1.2 billion, agreement from 2017) or with the original expansion of the Czajka treatment plant completed in 2012.
Significance: The investment brings the Warsaw agglomeration closer to full sewerage coverage in accordance with Directive 91/271/EEC, increases the reliability of wastewater conveyance to the Czajka treatment plant, and connects over 1.6 thousand new customers to the sanitary sewerage network. The modernisation of key collectors (including Mokotowski Bis) using trenchless methods reduces the risk of failure of the conveyance system beneath the Vistula, whose faults have in the past led to wastewater discharges into the river.
Sources:
  - Rekordowe dofinansowanie na projekt wodno-kanalizacyjny z Funduszy Europejskich (Narodowy Fundusz Ochrony Środowiska i Gospodarki Wodnej (NFOŚiGW), 2024-09): https://www.gov.pl/web/nfosigw/rekordowe-dofinansowanie-na-projekt-wodno-kanalizacyjny-z-funduszy-europejskich
  - Podpisanie nowej umowy w obszarze wodno-kanalizacyjnym – „Zaopatrzenie w wodę i oczyszczanie ścieków w Warszawie – Faza VII" (działanie 1.3, FEnIKS 2021–2027) (Ministerstwo Klimatu i Środowiska, 2024-09): https://www.gov.pl/web/klimat/podpisanie-nowej-umowy-w-obszarze-wodno-kanalizacyjnym---zaopatrzenie-w-wode-i-oczyszczanie-sciekow-w-warszawie---faza-vii--dzialanie-13-gospodarka-wodnosciekowa-feniks-2021-2027
  - Rekordowe dofinansowanie na projekt wodno-kanalizacyjny z Funduszy Europejskich (Teraz Środowisko, 2024-09): https://www.teraz-srodowisko.pl/aktualnosci/rekordowe-dofinansowanie-projekt-wodno-kanalizacyjny-warszawa-nfosigw-feniks-mpwik-15586.html
  - Fundusze Europejskie na rozwój systemu kanalizacji w Warszawie (Narodowy Fundusz Ochrony Środowiska i Gospodarki Wodnej (NFOŚiGW), 2025-12): https://www.gov.pl/web/nfosigw/fundusze-europejskie-na-rozwoj-systemu-kanalizacji-w-warszawie
  - Wodociągi Warszawskie z unijnym wsparciem dla kolejnych inwestycji (Urząd m.st. Warszawy, 2024-09-03): https://um.warszawa.pl/-/wodociagi-warszawskie-z-unijnym-wsparciem-dla-kolejnych-inwestycji
  - Projekt Warszawski (MPWiK w m.st. Warszawie S.A.): https://www.mpwik.com.pl/view/projekt-warszawski

## Expansion of the Production Capacity of Huta Stalowa Wola (Krab/Borsuk/Rak)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/rozbudowa-zdolnosci-produkcyjnych-huty-stalowa-wola-krab-bor
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 1.4 bn PLN | Investor: Huta Stalowa Wola S.A.
Timeline: started 2023-06, planned 2030
Description: A programme to expand and modernise the production capacity of Huta Stalowa Wola S.A. (PGZ Group), comprising the construction and expansion of production halls and the purchase of machinery in order to increase production of Polish land systems: the Borsuk infantry fighting vehicle, the Krab self-propelled howitzers, the Rak self-propelled mortars, and tracked chassis for the K9 self-propelled howitzer. The total value of the capital expenditure has been set at PLN 1,371.8 million, of which PLN 1,242.0 million comes from the Capital Investment Fund and PLN 105.8 million constitutes the company's own contribution. The company received the first tranche of funding, amounting to PLN 600 million, in June 2023, with further funds being transferred in 2025-2026. Expansion of the main hall is under way at the primary plant in Stalowa Wola; according to the company's declarations, production capacity is to increase threefold, and the entire investment is to be completed by 2030.
Significance: The investment is intended to increase the country's production capacity for key land systems for the Polish Armed Forces several times over, including the amphibious Borsuk infantry fighting vehicles (ultimately up to 100 units per year) and the Krab self-propelled howitzers (up to 50 units per year). This strengthens the PGZ Group's capacity to fulfil large arms contracts and reduces dependence on foreign manufacturers for armoured equipment supplies.
Sources:
  - Inwestycje współfinansowane ze środków Funduszu Inwestycji Kapitałowych (Huta Stalowa Wola S.A.): https://www.hsw.pl/inwestycje-wspolfinansowane-ze-srodkow-funduszu-inwestycji-kapitalowych/
  - 600 mln PLN na rozbudowę zdolności produkcyjnych Huty Stalowa Wola S.A. (ZBiAM, 2023-06): https://zbiam.pl/600-mln-pln-na-rozbudowe-zdolnosci-produkcyjnych-huty-stalowa-wola-s-a/
  - Premier: ponad miliard dla Huty Stalowa Wola. Więcej Krabów, Borsuków i Raków (Defence24, 2023-02-15): https://defence24.pl/przemysl/premier-ponad-miliard-dla-huty-stalowa-wola-wiecej-krabow-borsukow-i-rakow
  - HSW inwestuje w przyszłość (Polska Zbrojna, 2025-03-28): https://www.polska-zbrojna.pl/home/ArticleShow/43568
  - Huta Stalowa Wola – stabilny rozwój i wzrost produkcji (ZBiAM, 2025-04-15): https://zbiam.pl/huta-stalowa-wola-stabilny-rozwoj-i-wzrost-produkcji/

## Expansion of the Production Capacity of MESKO S.A.
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/rozbudowa-zdolnosci-produkcyjnych-mesko-s-a
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 887 mln PLN | Investor: MESKO S.A. (Polska Grupa Zbrojeniowa)
Timeline: started 2024, planned 2028
Description: A programme to expand and modernise the production capacity of MESKO S.A. (PGZ Group), financed with nearly PLN 887 million from the Capital Investment Fund. The investment, carried out as Project 155, is intended to increase the country's production of shell bodies and complete rounds of 155 mm artillery ammunition and to strengthen the potential of the MESKO ammunition group. The works cover the plants in Skarżysko-Kamienna, Kraśnik, Pionki, and Bolechowo and form part of the National Ammunition Reserve programme.
Significance: The investment is intended to increase the production capacity of MESKO S.A. to a level of 100 thousand rounds of 155 mm ammunition per year, and that of the entire MESKO ammunition group to as much as 180 thousand rounds per year by 2028. This is a key element in building Poland's strategic self-sufficiency in the production of the artillery ammunition most in demand within NATO, as well as a pillar of the National Ammunition Reserve programme.
Sources:
  - MESKO bije kolejne rekordy – Projekty 400, 44,7, 155, PIORUN i program NAREW napędzają miliardowe inwestycje i wzrost produkcji (Sektor Obronny): https://sektorobronny.pl/mesko-bije-kolejne-rekordy-projekty-400-447-155-piorun-i-program-narew-napedzaja-miliardowe-inwestycje-i-wzrost-produkcji/
  - MESKO S.A. zwiększa produkcję amunicji 155 mm. Inwestycja za blisko 887 mln zł wzmocni polski przemysł obronny (Portal Obronny): https://portalobronny.se.pl/przemysl-zbrojeniowy/mesko-s-a-zwieksza-produkcje-amunicji-155-mm-inwestycja-za-blisko-887-mln-zl-wzmocni-polski-przemysl-obronny-aa-QcXC-hpUw-DuqW.html
  - Niemal miliard złotych dla Mesko. Firma ma zwiększyć produkcję kluczowej amunicji (WNP.pl, 2025-08-21): https://www.wnp.pl/bezpieczenstwo/niemal-miliard-zlotych-dla-mesko-firma-ma-zwiekszyc-produkcje-kluczowej-amunicji,976144.html
  - 3 mld zł z Funduszu Inwestycji Kapitałowych na program Narew zyskają 4 podmioty z Polskiej Grupy Zbrojeniowej (Portal Obronny): https://portalobronny.se.pl/przemysl-zbrojeniowy/3-mld-zl-z-funduszu-inwestycji-kapitalowych-na-program-narew-zyskaja-4-podmioty-z-polskiej-grupy-zbrojeniowej-aa-nsgQ-UaVm-bCBR.html
  - Więcej podmiotów zaangażowanych w program Narodowej Rezerwy Amunicyjnej (ZBiAM): https://zbiam.pl/wiecej-podmiotow-zaangazowanych-w-program-narodowej-rezerwy-amunicyjnej/

## Expansion of Fertiliser Production Capacity at Anwil (Włocławek)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/rozbudowa-zdolnosci-produkcyjnych-nawozow-w-anwilu-wloclawek
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 1.7 bn PLN | Investor: ANWIL S.A. (Grupa ORLEN)
Timeline: announced 2018-12, planned 2023-07, delivered 2023
Outcome: delivered, delayed, over budget
Description: Expansion of nitrogen fertiliser production capacity at the ANWIL plants in Włocławek (ORLEN Group), worth approx. PLN 1.7 billion. As part of the investment, a third fertiliser line was built, consisting of a nitric acid production unit together with neutralisation, a granulation unit, and accompanying technical infrastructure. Thanks to it, the company's annual production capacity increased by approx. 50 percent — from 966 thousand tonnes to 1,461 thousand tonnes of fertiliser — and the product range was broadened by four products: coarse ammonium nitrate, ammonium sulphate nitrate, calcium ammonium nitrate with sulphur, and calcium ammonium nitrate with magnesium. The general contractor for the granulation unit was the Italian company Tecnimont. Completion was originally assumed for 2021, but the deadline was repeatedly postponed as a result of the pandemic, the war in Ukraine, and supply chain disruptions; construction was finalised in 2023, and the new products reached the market in the spring season of 2024.
Significance: The largest investment in the history of the Włocławek company ANWIL, strengthening its position as a key domestic producer of nitrogen fertilisers. Increasing annual production capacity by approx. 50 percent (to 1,461 thousand tonnes) and broadening the portfolio by four new types of fertiliser strengthened the country's security in supplying agriculture with fertilisers. The investment provided approx. 200 additional jobs in a region for which ANWIL is the largest employer.
Sources:
  - Anwil - inwestycja w nawozy o wartości 1,3 mld zł (Chemia i Biznes, 2018-12-14): https://www.chemiaibiznes.com.pl/artykuly/anwil-inwestycja-w-nawozy-o-wartosci-1-3-mld-zl
  - Rozbudowa zdolności produkcyjnych nawozów w Anwilu zakończy się w VI '23 (Bankier.pl, 2022-10): https://www.bankier.pl/wiadomosc/Rozbudowa-zdolnosci-produkcyjnych-nawozow-w-Anwilu-zakonczy-sie-w-VI-23-PKN-Orlen-8419281.html
  - Rozbudowa nawozowych mocy produkcyjnych ANWILU na finalnym etapie realizacji (ANWIL (Grupa ORLEN), 2022-10): https://anwil.orlen.pl/pl/o-firmie/Dla-mediow/aktualnosci/2022/Pazdziernik-2022/Rozbudowa-nawozowych-mocy-produkcyjnych-ANWILU-na-finalnym-etapie-realizacji
  - Anwil zwiększy produkcję nawozów o 50 procent. Trzecia linia produkcyjna rozbudowana (Polskie Radio PiK, 2023-09-27): https://www.radiopik.pl/5,113296,anwil-zwiekszy-produkcje-nawozow-o-50-procent-trzecia-linia-produkcyjna-rozbudowana
  - Anwil z Grupy Orlen finalizuje budowę trzeciej linii do produkcji nawozów azotowych (Polskie Radio 24, 2023-09-27): https://polskieradio24.pl/artykul/3249834,anwil-z-grupy-orlen-finalizuje-budowe-trzeciej-linii-do-produkcji-nawozow-azotowych
  - ANWIL na rynku nawozowym (Chemia i Biznes, 2025-06-17): https://www.chemiaibiznes.com.pl/artykuly/anwil-na-rynku-nawozowym

## Expansion of the Production Capacity of ZM Dezamet (155 mm Ammunition)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/rozbudowa-zdolnosci-produkcyjnych-zm-dezamet-amunicja-155-mm
Status: under construction | Stage: announced | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 1.4 bn PLN | Investor: Zakłady Metalowe „Dezamet" S.A. (Polska Grupa Zbrojeniowa)
Timeline: announced 2025-07-02
Description: Expansion of the production potential of Zakłady Metalowe "Dezamet" S.A. in Nowa Dęba (Podkarpackie Voivodeship), a company belonging to Polska Grupa Zbrojeniowa, oriented towards the production of large-calibre 155 mm artillery ammunition. The investment is financed with funding of PLN 1,358,000,000 from the Capital Investment Fund managed by the Ministry of State Assets, launched as part of a package of over PLN 2.4 billion for four PGZ ammunition companies (alongside Mesko, Nitro-Chem, and Gamrat). The allocation for Dezamet, announced on 2 July 2025, is the largest single part of this package.
Significance: The expansion of Dezamet is intended to multiply the country's capacity to manufacture 155 mm artillery ammunition and to make Poland independent of foreign suppliers in this segment. According to declarations by the company and PGZ, the goal is to triple annual production of 155 mm shells — from around 50 thousand to 150 thousand units. The plant in Nowa Dęba is positioned as one of the centres for rebuilding ammunition stocks under the National Ammunition Reserve programme.
Sources:
  - 2,4 mld zł dla PGZ na dofinansowanie produkcji amunicji 155 mm (Ministerstwo Aktywów Państwowych (gov.pl), 2025-07-02): https://www.gov.pl/web/aktywa-panstwowe/24-mld-zl-dla-pgz-na-dofinansowanie-produkcji-amunicji-155-mm
  - Prawie półtora miliarda złotych dla Dezametu. Nowa Dęba sercem polskiej produkcji amunicji (Teraz Nowa Dęba, 2025-07-03): https://teraznowadeba.pl/prawie-poltora-miliarda-zlotych-dla-dezametu-nowa-deba-sercem-polskiej-produkcji-amunicji/
  - Polska zostaje producentem 155 mm. Nowa fabryka zmienia układ sił (Spider's Web, 2025-07): https://spidersweb.pl/2025/07/polska-zostaje-producentem-amunicji-155-mm-nowa-fabryka.html
  - 600 mln zł na inwestycje w amunicję wciąż czeka. Kto może je pozyskać (Radar (Rzeczpospolita), 2025): https://radar.rp.pl/modernizacja-sil-zbrojnych/art43040651-600-mln-zl-na-inwestycje-w-amunicje-wciaz-czeka-kto-moze-je-pozyskac
  - Fundusz Inwestycji Kapitałowych – 4 podmioty z Polskiej Grupy Zbrojeniowej (Portal Obronny, 2025): https://portalobronny.se.pl/przemysl-zbrojeniowy/3-mld-zl-z-funduszu-inwestycji-kapitalowych-na-program-narew-zyskaja-4-podmioty-z-polskiej-grupy-zbrojeniowej-aa-nsgQ-UaVm-bCBR.html

## S1 Węgierska Górka bypass (Przybędza – Milówka)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/s1-obejscie-wegierskiej-gorki-przybedza-milowka
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 1.4 bn PLN | Investor: Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad (GDDKiA)
Timeline: delivered 2025-10
Outcome: delivered, delayed
Description: A mountain section of the S1 expressway, 8.5 km long, bypassing Węgierska Górka on the Przybędza – Milówka route in the Beskidy Mountains. The project comprised two twin-bore road tunnels with a combined length of approx. 1.8 km (approx. 830 m through the Barania Góra massif and approx. 1,000 m through Białożyński Groń), five viaducts and three bridges, as well as the Przybędza and Milówka interchanges. The section closed the last gap in the S1 corridor toward the border with Slovakia and was opened to traffic in October 2025.
Significance: The section closes the last gap in the S1 expressway in the Beskidy Mountains along the route toward the border crossing with Slovakia, diverting transit traffic away from the centre of Węgierska Górka. The former national road DK1 on this section loses its national-road status and passes to the administration of Śląskie Voivodeship, relieving the local network. Thanks to the tunnels and viaducts, the route improves traffic flow and safety in difficult mountain terrain.
Sources:
  - Obejście Węgierskiej Górki oddane do ruchu (Ministerstwo Infrastruktury, 2025-10): https://www.gov.pl/web/infrastruktura/obejscie-wegierskiej-gorki-oddane-do-ruchu
  - Tunelami przez góry, estakadami nad dolinami (GDDKiA Katowice, 2025-10): https://www.gov.pl/web/gddkia-katowice/tunelami-przez-gory-estakadami-nad-dolinami
  - 23 października ruszy obejście Węgierskiej Górki (Projekt S1, 2025-10-18): https://projekts1.pl/2025/10/18/23-pazdziernika-ruszy-obejscie-wegierskiej-gorki-to-najdrozsza-i-najpiekniejsza-trasa-w-polsce/
  - Obejście Węgierskiej Górki z opóźnieniem. Kiedy S1 w Beskidach będzie gotowa? (Murator Plus): https://www.muratorplus.pl/inwestycje/inwestycje-publiczne/obejscie-wegierskiej-gorki-z-opoznieniem-kiedy-s1-w-beskidach-bedzie-gotowa-aa-ipa8-D7pa-Ne4u.html
  - Ponad 2 mln przejazdów na S1 obejściem Węgierskiej Górki (NBI (Nowoczesne Budownictwo Inżynieryjne), 2026-05-14): https://nbi.com.pl/wiadomosci/ponad-2-mln-przejazdow-na-s1-obejsciem-wegierskiej-gorki/

## S19 Rzeszów Południe – Babica (TBM tunnel)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/s19-rzeszow-babica
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 3.0 bn PLN | Investor: Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad (GDDKiA)
Timeline: started 2022-04, planned 2028-01-07
Outcome: delayed
Description: Construction of a 10.3 km section of the S19 expressway between the Rzeszów Południe and Babica interchanges, carried out by GDDKiA along the Via Carpatia route. The key structure is a twin-bore tunnel 2,255 m long, bored by the TBM "Karpatka" – the first such structure in Podkarpackie Voivodeship. Construction work began in April 2022; after methane was detected in the rock mass, work was suspended and the contractual deadline was moved by an annex from autumn 2026 to 7 January 2028. The first tunnel bore was excavated in December 2025, and boring of the second bore has been underway since June 2026. The planned total cost exceeds PLN 3 billion, with EU funding (FEnIKS) of nearly PLN 1.5 billion.
Significance: The section closes the expressway exit from Rzeszów to the south along the international Via Carpatia corridor. The 2,255 m tunnel will be the first structure of its kind in Podkarpackie Voivodeship, and the project, with a planned cost of over PLN 3 billion, is among the most expensive road sections in the region; nearly PLN 1.5 billion comes from EU funds. The methane detected and the associated redesign of the TBM made the project a prominent example of geological risk in Polish road megaprojects, with a two-year deadline shift (from 2026 to 2028).
Sources:
  - Potężne dofinansowanie budowy drogi S19 Rzeszów Południe – Babica (Podkarpacki Urząd Wojewódzki w Rzeszowie, 2026-02-20): https://rzeszow.uw.gov.pl/aktualnosci/potezne-dofinansowanie-budowy-drogi-s19-rzeszow-poludnie-babica
  - Pierwsza nawa tunelu na S19 Rzeszów Południe – Babica wydrążona (Ministerstwo Infrastruktury (gov.pl), 2025-12-10): https://www.gov.pl/web/infrastruktura/pierwsza-nawa-tunelu-na-s19-rzeszow-poludnie--babica-wydrazona
  - S19 Rzeszów Południe (bez węzła) – Babica (z węzłem) (Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad (gov.pl)): https://www.gov.pl/web/gddkia/s19-rzeszow-poludnie-bez-wezla---babica-z-wezlem
  - S19 Rzeszów – Babica ma być gotowa na początku 2028 r. (Rynek Infrastruktury, 2025-06-03): https://www.rynekinfrastruktury.pl/wiadomosci/drogi-i-autostrady/s19-rzeszow--babica-ma-byc-gotowy-na-poczatku-2028-r-95517.html
  - Drążenie drugiej nitki tunelu S19 w Babicy coraz bliżej (Podkarpacki Urząd Wojewódzki w Rzeszowie, 2026-02-13): https://rzeszow.uw.gov.pl/aktualnosci/drazenie-drugiej-nitki-tunelu-s19-w-babicy-coraz-blizej
  - Droga S19. Wznowiono drążenie tunelu. TBM jest już w górotworze (Inżynieria.com, 2026-06-24): https://inzynieria.com/tunele/droga_s19_tunele_na_podkarpaciu/wiadomosci/100751,droga-s19-wznowiono-drazenie-tunelu-tbm-jest-juz-w-gorotworze

## S3 Bolków – Kamienna Góra with the TS-26 tunnel (S3 Legnica–Lubawka)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/s3-bolkow-kamienna-gora-z-tunelem-ts-26-s3-legnica-lubawka
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 1.8 bn PLN | Investor: Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad (GDDKiA)
Timeline: started 2018-10, planned 2024-07, delivered 2024-07-31
Outcome: delivered, delayed
Description: Construction of an approx. 16 km mountain section of the S3 expressway, Bolków – Kamienna Góra, in Lower Silesia, forming part of the S3 Legnica (A4) – Lubawka task that closes the Polish part of the S3 corridor toward the border with the Czech Republic. The route was led through the ranges of the Sudetes with numerous engineering structures, including two twin-bore tunnels: TS-26, approx. 2,300 m long – the longest non-urban tunnel bored in rock in Poland – and TS-32, approx. 320 m long. GDDKiA's Wrocław branch signed the design-and-build contract in October 2018, and boring of the TS-26 tunnel was carried out from December 2020 to February 2022. The contractor was a consortium of PORR (leader) and PORR Bau GmbH. The section was opened to traffic on 31 July 2024. The value of the investment came to over PLN 1,785 million, of which approx. PLN 928 million was funding from the EU Operational Programme Infrastructure and Environment.
Significance: The Bolków – Kamienna Góra section closed the Polish part of the S3 expressway in the Sudetes, providing a continuous expressway connection along the north–south corridor from the Baltic coast toward the border with the Czech Republic. The key element of the route is the twin-bore TS-26 tunnel, approx. 2,300 m long – the longest non-urban tunnel bored in rock in Poland – which, together with the shorter TS-32 tunnel and numerous viaducts, enabled the road to be carried through difficult mountain terrain. The investment, worth over PLN 1,785 million and co-financed from EU funds with approx. PLN 928 million, improved transport accessibility in Lower Silesia and strengthened the cross-border transport corridor of the TEN-T network.
Sources:
  - Najbardziej malowniczy odcinek „eski” w Polsce z najdłuższym tunelem pozamiejskim w kraju otwarty. Droga ekspresowa S3 Bolków – Kamienna Góra oddana do ruchu (Ministerstwo Infrastruktury (gov.pl), 2024-07-31): https://www.gov.pl/web/infrastruktura/najbardziej-malowniczy-odcinek-eski-w-polsce-z-najdluzszym-tunelem-pozamiejskim-w-kraju-otwarty-droga-ekspresowa-s3-bolkow---kamienna-gora-oddana-do-ruchu
  - Otwarcie nowej drogi ekspresowej. A na niej rekordowy tunel (Money.pl, 2024-07-31): https://www.money.pl/gospodarka/gddkia-otwiera-miss-drog-ekspresowych-z-najdluzszym-pozamiejskim-tunelem-w-kraju-7054771642653216a.html
  - S3 Legnica (A4) – Lubawka, zadanie III: Bolków – Kamienna Góra (Konsorcjum PORR / GDDKiA (strona projektu)): https://s3-bolkow-kamiennagora.pl/
  - Otworzyli S3 Bolków – Kamienna Góra. Jazda do Czech przez najdłuższy tunel w polskiej skale (Wroclaw.pl, 2024-07-31): https://www.wroclaw.pl/dla-mieszkanca/otwarcie-s3-bolkow-kamienna-gora-odcinek-przejezdny-od-31-lipca
  - S3 Bolków (bez węzła) – Kamienna Góra Północ (bez węzła) (GDDKiA (gov.pl)): https://www.gov.pl/web/gddkia/s3-bolkow-bez-wezla---kamienna-gora-polnoc-bez-wezla
  - 16 km drogi S3 zamkną jeszcze dziś. Po roku od otwarcia (Interia Motoryzacja, 2025-09-18): https://motoryzacja.interia.pl/polskie-drogi/news-16-km-drogi-s3-zamkna-jeszcze-dzis-po-roku-od-otwarcia,nId,22421230
  - Droga ekspresowa S3 z tunelami. Trwa odliczanie – termin otwarcia (Inżynieria.com, 2024-04-09): https://inzynieria.com/tunele/wiadomosci/94968,droga-s3-z-tunelami-trwa-odliczanie-kiedy-otwarcie

## S6 completion: Koszalin – Słupsk – Bożepole Wielkie
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/s6-dokonczenie-koszalin-slupsk-bozepole-wielkie
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 2.9 bn PLN | Investor: Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad (GDDKiA)
Timeline: planned 2026-06-26, delivered 2026-06-26
Outcome: delivered, delayed
Description: A programme to close the S6 expressway along the Baltic coast on the section from Koszalin through Słupsk to the Bożepole Wielkie interchange, carried out by GDDKiA. The Koszalin – Słupsk stretch (46 km, eight interchanges and 48 bridge structures) was officially opened to traffic on 22 December 2025. On the further Słupsk – Bożepole Wielkie section, traffic was launched in stages: the 22 km Leśnice – Bożepole Wielkie stretch was made available on 29 April 2026, and the last sections between Słupsk and Leśnice (over 40 km) were opened on 26 June 2026, closing the over-300 km expressway route from Szczecin to the Tri-City. The entire Słupsk – Bożepole Wielkie investment was co-financed from EU funds under the FEnIKS programme.
Significance: The opening of the further S6 sections closed the over-300 km expressway corridor running along the Polish coast, providing an uninterrupted expressway connection between Szczecin and the Tri-City. According to GDDKiA, travel time between Gdańsk and Szczecin was shortened by about 1.5 hours – from about five to about 3.5 hours. The Koszalin – Słupsk stretch alone is 46 km of route with eight interchanges and 48 bridge structures, and the entire Słupsk – Bożepole Wielkie section was delivered with EU funding support exceeding PLN 1.4 billion.
Sources:
  - Pierwsi kierowcy pojechali już trasą Słupsk – Koszalin. Oficjalne otwarcie nowego odcinka S6 (Radio Gdańsk, 2025-12-22): https://radiogdansk.pl/wiadomosci/region/slupsk/2025/12/22/pierwsi-kierowcy-pojechali-juz-trasa-slupsk-koszalin-oficjalne-otwarcie-nowego-odcinka-s6/
  - 26 czerwca wielkie otwarcie. Pełne 300 km ekspresowej jazdy nad morzem (PortalSamorzadowy.pl, 2026-06-24): https://www.portalsamorzadowy.pl/inwestycje/26-czerwca-wielkie-otwarcie-pelne-300-km-ekspresowej-jazdy-nad-morzem,663964.html
  - Droga ekspresowa S6 łączy Pomorze (Ministerstwo Infrastruktury (gov.pl), 2026-06-24): https://www.gov.pl/web/infrastruktura/droga-ekspresowa-s6-laczy-pomorze
  - Budowa drogi ekspresowej S6 na odcinku Słupsk – Bożepole Wielkie (GDDKiA / wykonawca (serwis inwestycji)): https://www.s6-obwodnica-slupska.pl/
  - Zima na budowie S6. Kiedy koniec prac? (zblizenia.pl): https://zblizenia.pl/zima-na-budowie-s6-kiedy-koniec-prac/

## S61 Via Baltica expressway
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/s61-via-baltica
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 11.0 bn PLN | Investor: Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad (GDDKiA)
Timeline: delivered 2025-10-02
Outcome: delivered, delayed
Description: The S61 expressway is the Polish section of the international Via Baltica corridor, running from the Ostrów Mazowiecka interchange (a connection with the S8 toward Warsaw) to the border crossing with Lithuania at Budzisko, through Mazowieckie, Podlaskie and Warmińsko-Mazurskie Voivodeships. According to plans presented in 2019, the entire route was to be passable before the end of 2021. The last element — the second carriageway of the Łomża bypass (the Łomża Zachód–Kolno section) — was opened on 2 October 2025, making the entire corridor from Warsaw to Budzisko (310 km) a dual-carriageway road. Total outlays on the construction of all Polish sections exceeded PLN 11 billion, including nearly PLN 6 billion of funding from EU funds.
Significance: The completion of the S61 closes the Polish part of the TEN-T Via Baltica corridor linking Warsaw and Western Europe with Lithuania, Latvia, Estonia and Finland. All north–south transit traffic has moved onto a dual-carriageway expressway of a higher safety standard, and the opening of the Łomża bypass diverted heavy traffic away from the city and surrounding localities. The route is also significant for military mobility on NATO's eastern flank.
Sources:
  - Via Baltica – dwie jezdnie na całej długości (GDDKiA Oddział Białystok / Portal Gov.pl, 2025-10-02): https://www.gov.pl/web/gddkia-bialystok/via-baltica--dwie-jezdnie-na-calej-dlugosci
  - Strategiczna trasa w Polsce ukończona. "Wielu na to czekało" (money.pl, 2025-10-02): https://www.money.pl/gospodarka/koniec-budowy-trasy-via-baltica-w-polsce-ostatni-fragment-juz-otwarty-7206511949519680a.html
  - Via Baltica ukończona. Polska domyka najważniejszy korytarz północ–południe Europy (Rzeczpospolita (moto.rp.pl), 2025-10-15): https://moto.rp.pl/tu-i-teraz/art43180371-via-baltica-w-pelni-otwarta-polska-zakonczyla-budowe-strategicznej-trasy
  - Via Baltica w pełni ukończona. Ostatni odcinek S61 Łomża Zachód – Kolno otwarty (Radio Akadera Białystok, 2025-10-02): https://akadera.bialystok.pl/via-baltica-w-pelni-ukonczona-ostatni-odcinek-s61-lomza-zachod-kolno-otwarty/
  - Droga ekspresowa S61 - Via Baltica (conadrogach.pl): https://conadrogach.pl/informacje/droga-ekspresowa-s61-via-baltica.html
  - S61 w realizacji. Trasą Via Baltica pojedziemy w 2021 r. (conadrogach.pl, 2019-02-27): https://conadrogach.pl/informacje/s61-w-realizacji-trasa-via-baltica-pojedziemy-w-2021-r.html
  - S61 Via Baltica - stan realizacji (GDDKiA / Portal Gov.pl, 2022-04-28): https://www.gov.pl/web/gddkia/s61-via-baltica---stan-realizacji
  - Via Baltica najbardziej obciążoną ruchem drogą w regionie (4lomza.pl (Regionalny Portal), 2026-04-23): https://4lomza.pl/index.php?wiad=72362

## S7 Naprawa – Skomielna Biała section with the tunnel under Luboń Mały (Zakopianka)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/s7-odcinek-naprawa-skomielna-biala-z-tunelem-pod-luboniem-ma
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 2.5 bn PLN | Investor: Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad
Timeline: delivered 2022-11-12
Outcome: delivered, delayed
Description: A section of the S7 expressway (the Zakopianka) between Naprawa and Skomielna Biała in the Beskid Wyspowy range, whose main element is a twin-tube tunnel 2,058 m long driven through the massif of Mały Luboń mountain. It was the longest non-urban road tunnel in Poland at the time of opening. The investor was the General Directorate for National Roads and Motorways, and the section was made available to drivers on 12 November 2022 after an approx. one-year delay relative to the original deadline.
Significance: The tunnel under Luboń Mały closed the S7 expressway route on a difficult mountain section of the Zakopianka, eliminating passage through built-up areas and tight curves on the old alignment near Naprawa and Skomielna Biała. The twin-tube structure, 2,058 m long, with a full safety system and section speed enforcement, improves traffic flow and safety on the main connection between Krakow and Podhale.
Sources:
  - Nowy tunel na Zakopiance otwarty (Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad (gov.pl), 2022-11-12): https://www.gov.pl/web/gddkia/nowy-tunel-na-zakopiance-otwarty
  - Zakopianka. Otwarcie tunelu - budowa trwała ponad pięć lat, kosztowała blisko miliard złotych (TVN24, 2022-11-12): https://tvn24.pl/polska/zakopianka-otwarcie-tunelu-budowa-trwala-ponad-piec-lat-kosztowala-blisko-miliard-zlotych-st6217058
  - Tunel na Zakopiance otwarty dla kierowców od 12 listopada (muratorplus.pl, 2022-11-12): https://www.muratorplus.pl/inwestycje/inwestycje-publiczne/tunel-na-zakopiance-kiedy-otwarcie-mapa-aa-hg6y-EJvt-HfiD.html
  - Zakopianka. Tunel pod Luboniem Małym z historycznym wynikiem (Inzynieria.com, 2025-07-22): https://inzynieria.com/tunele/wiadomosci/97962,zakopianka-tunel-pod-luboniem-malym-z-historycznym-wynikiem

## S7 Warsaw – Gdańsk / Warsaw – Krakow (corridor-closing sections)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/s7-warszawa-gdansk-warszawa-krakow-odcinki-domykajace-koryta
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): n/a | Investor: Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad (GDDKiA)
Timeline: planned 2026
Description: A collective entry covering the last missing sections of the S7 expressway that close two transit corridors: the northern Warsaw – Gdańsk and the southern Warsaw – Krakow. In the north, an approx. 35 km stretch Płońsk Południe – Czosnów is being built (the Płońsk Południe – Załuski, Załuski – Modlin and Czosnów – Modlin sections), whose successive parts were opened to traffic in autumn and winter 2025 – 9.7 km on the Modlin – Czosnów section was made available in late October 2025, and the Modlin – Załuski (12 km) and Załuski – Płońsk Południe (12.9 km) sections on 19 December 2025. Still to be built are the Czosnów – Warsaw parts (Czosnów – Kiełpin and Kiełpin – Warsaw), which are at the administrative and design stage. In the south, in Małopolska, the Widoma – Kraków section (18.29 km) is being built, closing the eastern part of the Krakow bypass between the Mistrzejowice and Grębałów interchanges, with completion planned for November 2026. The investor is GDDKiA; the Płońsk – Czosnów route was priced at slightly over PLN 2.8 billion (including approx. PLN 1.2 billion of EU funding from the FEnIKS programme), and the Widoma – Kraków section at approx. PLN 1.67 billion gross.
Significance: Closing these sections removes the last "bottlenecks" on the S7 expressway corridor – one of the main north–south transit axes in Poland, linking the Tri-City, Warsaw and Krakow in the TEN-T network. The Płońsk Południe – Czosnów parts opened in 2025 divert Warsaw – Gdańsk transit traffic away from the overloaded old route, and the Widoma – Kraków section (18.29 km) being built in Małopolska closes the eastern part of the Krakow bypass between the Mistrzejowice and Grębałów interchanges. Total outlays amount to over PLN 2.8 billion on the northern route (including approx. PLN 1.2 billion of EU funds from the FEnIKS programme) and approx. PLN 1.67 billion gross on the Widoma – Kraków section.
Sources:
  - S7 od Płońska do Warszawy (Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad, Oddział w Warszawie (gov.pl)): https://www.gov.pl/web/gddkia-warszawa/s7-od-plonska-do-warszawy
  - Kolejne odcinki S7 na północ od Warszawy oddane do ruchu (Ministerstwo Infrastruktury (gov.pl), 2025-12): https://www.gov.pl/web/infrastruktura/kolejne-odcinki-s7-na-polnoc-od-warszawy-oddane-do-ruchu
  - Projekt i budowa drogi ekspresowej S7 Płońsk – Czosnów (GDDKiA / konsorcjum wykonawcze (s7plonsk-czosnow.pl)): https://s7plonsk-czosnow.pl/
  - Projekt i budowa drogi ekspresowej S7 Widoma – Kraków (GDDKiA, Oddział w Krakowie (s7widoma-krakow.pl)): https://s7widoma-krakow.pl/
  - W 2026 r. udostępnimy ponad 290 km dróg (Generalna Dyrekcja Dróg Krajowych i Autostrad (gov.pl)): https://www.gov.pl/web/gddkia/w-2026-r-udostepnimy-ponad-290-km-drog

## Observation satellites from Airbus Defence & Space (2 satellites + receiving station)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/satelity-obserwacyjne-od-airbus-defence-space-2-satelity-sta
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 2.7 bn PLN | Investor: Agencja Uzbrojenia (Ministerstwo Obrony Narodowej)
Timeline: announced 2022-12-27, planned 2027
Description: A programme to acquire two optical imagery reconnaissance satellites for the Polish Armed Forces, forming part of the Pléiades Neo constellation, together with a ground segment. The contract between the Armament Agency of the Ministry of National Defence and Airbus Defence & Space was signed on 27 December 2022. The satellites are to provide the acquisition of reconnaissance data (IMINT) with an accuracy of up to 30 cm, and a dedicated ground component for receiving and processing imagery was located at the Imagery Reconnaissance Centre in Białobrzegi. The launch of the Polish satellites into orbit is planned by 2027.
Significance: The programme gives the Polish Armed Forces their own, independent space-based imagery reconnaissance capabilities with a resolution of up to 30 cm, reducing dependence on data obtained from foreign partners. Incorporating the Polish satellites into the Pléiades Neo constellation and launching a national ground segment in Białobrzegi increases the ability to monitor areas of interest and supports both defence and civilian tasks (including early warning of natural hazards).
Sources:
  - Satelity obserwacyjne wzmocnią zdolności rozpoznawcze Wojska Polskiego (Ministerstwo Obrony Narodowej (gov.pl), 2022-12-27): https://www.gov.pl/web/obrona-narodowa/satelity-obserwacyjne-wzmocnia-zdolnosci-rozpoznawcze-wojska-polskiego
  - Francuskie satelity wzmocnieniem potencjału obronnego Polski [ANALIZA] (Space24.pl): https://space24.pl/satelity/obserwacja-ziemi/satelity-pleiades-neo-w-potencjale-obronnym-polski-analiza
  - MON kupuje od Airbusa dwa satelity i stację odbiorczą (Gazeta Prawna, 2022-12-27): https://www.gazetaprawna.pl/wiadomosci/kraj/artykuly/8618547,satelity-obserwacyjne-umowa-francja-polska.html
  - MON informuje o postępach budowy satelitów rozpoznania obrazowego (ZBiAM, 2026-02-28): https://zbiam.pl/mon-informuje-o-postepach-budowy-satelitow-rozpoznania-obrazowego/

## Saule Technologies (commercialization of perovskite solar cells)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/saule-technologies
Status: cancelled | Stage: — | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): n/a | Investor: Saule Technologies SA / Saule SA (główny akcjonariusz Columbus Energy)
Timeline: started 2014
Outcome: abandoned, written off
Description: Saule Technologies is a Polish deep-tech company founded in 2014 around the inkjet-printing method for flexible, ultra-thin perovskite photovoltaic cells invented by Olga Malinkiewicz. The project's goal was the mass commercialization of this technology and the launch of a factory; in practice, only a pilot production line operated in Wrocław rather than a full-scale plant. The main strategic investor was the listed company Columbus Energy. Despite more than PLN 270 million in financing from public and private investors, the company did not achieve profitability — for 2024 it reported a net loss of PLN 65.8 million against revenues of PLN 1.27 million. In 2025 a sharp shareholder dispute broke out: in May 2025 the supervisory board removed co-founder Olga Malinkiewicz from the management board, notifications were filed with the prosecutor's office, and share trading was suspended in June 2025. On 26 June 2026 the shares were ultimately delisted from the NewConnect market due to the failure to submit financial reports for 2024 and 2025. The company found itself on the brink of bankruptcy and — according to reports — will most likely be placed into bankruptcy or restructuring; no formal bankruptcy has been declared, and the mass commercialization of perovskites has not yet been achieved.
Significance: Saule Technologies was the flagship Polish venture in perovskite photovoltaics and one of the most recognizable domestic deep-tech projects, based on the internationally acclaimed cell-printing method developed by Olga Malinkiewicz. The aspiration was for Poland to be the first in the world to mass-commercialize perovskite solar cells. Despite more than PLN 270 million in public and private financing gathered over a decade (from 2014), the project did not move from pilot to industrial scale — no factory was built, and the company found itself on the brink of bankruptcy and was delisted from the stock exchange. It is one of the most significant Polish examples of the difficulty of turning a breakthrough laboratory technology into a profitable industrial business.
Reason for failure: The company did not achieve mass commercialization of perovskite technology nor launch the planned factory — only a pilot production line operated in Wrocław. For 2024 Saule Technologies reported a net loss of PLN 65.8 million against revenues of PLN 1.27 million. In May 2025 the supervisory board removed co-founder Olga Malinkiewicz from the management board, and a dispute among shareholders led to notifications being filed with the prosecutor's office. Share trading was suspended in June 2025, and on 26 June 2026 the shares were delisted from the NewConnect market due to the failure to submit financial reports for 2024 and 2025. The company found itself on the brink of bankruptcy and — according to media reports — will most likely be placed into bankruptcy or restructuring; no formal bankruptcy has been declared.
Sources:
  - Saule Technologies znika z giełdy. Wielkie kłopoty znanej firmy (money.pl, 2026-06): https://www.money.pl/gielda/saule-technologies-znika-z-gieldy-wielkie-klopoty-znanej-firmy-7300978830080096a.html
  - Saule na skraju bankructwa (orestrukturyzacji.pl, 2025-07-10): https://orestrukturyzacji.pl/2025/07/10/saule-na-skraju-bankrcutwa/
  - Saule Technologies kieruje zawiadomienie do prokuratury (Gramwzielone.pl): https://www.gramwzielone.pl/energia-sloneczna/20314855/saule-technologies-kieruje-zawiadomienie-do-prokuratury
  - Trzęsienie ziemi w Saule. Konflikt zniszczy polską technologię przyszłości (Bankier.pl): https://www.bankier.pl/wiadomosc/Trzesienie-ziemi-w-Saule-Konflikt-zniszczy-polska-technologie-przyszlosci-8945142.html
  - Malinkiewicz odwołana z Saule. Konflikt o polskie perowskity eskaluje (enerad.pl): https://enerad.pl/malinkiewicz-odwolana-z-saule-konflikt-o-polskie-perowskity-eskaluje/
  - Miała być rewolucja, a możliwa jest upadłość. Kolejny zwrot w sprawie polskiej technologii OZE (wnp.pl): https://www.wnp.pl/energia/miala-byc-rewolucja-a-mozliwa-jest-upadlosc-kolejny-zwrot-w-sprawie-polskiej-technologii-oze,962850.html
  - Saule Technologies w finansowym impasie. Inwestorzy blokują budowę fabryki (enerad.pl): https://enerad.pl/saule-technologies-w-finansowym-impasie-inwestorzy-blokuja-budowe-fabryki/
  - About — Saule Technologies (Saule Technologies): https://sauletech.com/about/
  - Saule Technologies - Company Profile and News (Perovskite-Info): https://www.perovskite-info.com/saule-technologies

## NOSPR Headquarters in Katowice
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/siedziba-nospr-katowice
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 305 mln PLN | Investor: Miasto Katowice
Timeline: started 2012-02, delivered 2014-10-01
Outcome: delivered
Description: The new headquarters of the Polish National Radio Symphony Orchestra (NOSPR), erected at plac Wojciecha Kilara 1 in Katowice on the grounds of the former "Katowice" Hard Coal Mine, within the emerging Culture Zone adjacent to the International Congress Centre and the Silesian Museum. The investor was the City of Katowice, and the building was designed by architect Tomasz Konior, selected in an international competition (decided on 15 December 2008); the general contractor was the Warsaw firm Warbud. Construction began in February 2012, and the ceremonial opening of the facility took place on 1 October 2014, on International Music Day. The building houses a grand concert hall and a chamber hall. The total cost of the project "Construction of the headquarters of the Polish National Radio Symphony Orchestra in Katowice" was given as PLN 305,364,372.55, with funding from the European Regional Development Fund (Operational Programme Infrastructure and Environment) in the amount of PLN 145,560,876.78 and an own contribution from the City of Katowice of PLN 159,803,495.77.
Significance: The NOSPR headquarters is one of the most important cultural investments carried out in Katowice after 1990 and co-forms the post-industrial Culture Zone on the grounds of the former "Katowice" Hard Coal Mine, alongside the Silesian Museum and the International Congress Centre. It provided the Polish National Radio Symphony Orchestra with a dedicated grand concert hall along with a separate chamber hall, designed with the acoustics of symphonic music in mind. The investment, led by the City of Katowice and co-financed with European Union funds, became part of the transformation of Katowice's city centre from post-mining land into public and cultural space.
Sources:
  - Siedziba Narodowej Orkiestry Symfonicznej Polskiego Radia w Katowicach (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siedziba_Narodowej_Orkiestry_Symfonicznej_Polskiego_Radia_w_Katowicach
  - O projekcie — Budowa siedziby Narodowej Orkiestry Symfonicznej Polskiego Radia w Katowicach (NOSPR): https://nospr.org.pl/pl/o-projekcie
  - Nowa sala koncertowa NOSPR w Katowicach. Generalny wykonawca wybrany (muratorplus.pl, 2012-02-15): https://www.muratorplus.pl/biznes/wiesci-z-rynku/nowa-sala-koncertowa-nospr-w-katowicach-generalny-wykonawca-wybrany-aa-LuLW-MeV5-cCfB.html
  - Siedziba NOSPR gotowa (Sztuka Architektury, 2014-10-02): https://sztuka-architektury.pl/article/4178/siedziba-nospr-gotowa

## Sinfonia Varsovia Centrum - new headquarters and the largest concert hall in Poland
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/sinfonia-varsovia-centrum-nowa-siedziba-i-najwieksza-sala-ko
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 768 mln PLN | Investor: Miasto Stołeczne Warszawa (od 2026 współprowadzenie z Ministerstwem Kultury i Dziedzictwa Narodowego)
Timeline: announced 2010, started 2023-04, planned 2030
Description: Sinfonia Varsovia Centrum is the construction of a new, permanent headquarters for the Sinfonia Varsovia orchestra at ul. Grochowska 272 in Warsaw (Mazowieckie Voivodeship), on the grounds of the former SGGW Veterinary Institute. The investment comprises the largest concert hall in Poland with 1,877 seats, a chamber hall for approximately 400 people, rehearsal spaces, and storage and technical facilities. The architectural design, selected in an international competition in 2010, was prepared by the Atelier Thomas Pucher studio with the participation of Grupa 5 Architekci, and the acoustics were developed in cooperation with teams from Berlin (Müller-BBM) and Brussels. Implementation is divided into stages: the first stage, covering the renovation of the historic outbuildings, has been carried out since 2023 by Korporacja Budowlana Doraco for over PLN 117 million; the second stage, the construction of the main concert hall, was the subject of a tender in which the lowest bid (over PLN 651 million) was submitted by Warbud, and the total budget of the investment was estimated at nearly PLN 768 million. The investor is the Capital City of Warsaw; from 2026 the institution is co-managed by the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage. Completion of the whole is planned for the turn of 2029 and 2030.
Significance: Once completed, the facility is to be the largest concert hall in Poland (1,877 seats) and the new headquarters of the Sinfonia Varsovia orchestra, creating in Warsaw's Praga district a publicly accessible centre of musical life with a chamber hall, educational spaces, a café, and a public garden. The investment combines the revitalization of the historic buildings of the former Veterinary Institute with the construction of a modern hall whose acoustics are designed by renowned specialists from Berlin and Brussels, which is intended to strengthen Warsaw's position as a centre of classical music. The scale of the undertaking — a budget increased in March 2025 by an additional PLN 210 million by decision of the Warsaw City Council, plus PLN 180 million provided by the Ministry of Culture and National Heritage — makes it one of the largest cultural investments in the country.
Sources:
  - Tender launched for the construction of the largest concert hall in Poland (Sinfonia Varsovia, 2025-05-13): https://www.sinfoniavarsovia.org/en/tender-launched-for-the-construction-of-the-largest-concert-hall-in-poland/
  - Nowa sala koncertowa Sinfonii Varsovii coraz bliżej. Trzy oferty w przetargu na budowę (investmap.pl, 2026): https://investmap.pl/nowa-sala-koncertowa-sinfonii-varsovii-coraz-blizej-trzy-oferty-w-przetargu-na-budowe-wizualizacje.a317274
  - 180 mln zł na nową salę koncertową w Warszawie. Rafał Trzaskowski: Ulica Grochowska zyska architektoniczną perłę (PropertyDesign.pl): https://www.propertydesign.pl/architektura/104/180_mln_zl_na_nowa_sale_koncertowa_w_warszawie_rafal_trzaskowski_ulica_grochowska_zyska_architektoniczna_perle,53788.html
  - Stała siedziba Sinfonii Varsovii - podpisana umowa na budowę (Miasto Stołeczne Warszawa, 2023-04-05): https://um.warszawa.pl/-/stala-siedziba-sinfonii-varsovii-podpisana-umowa-na-budowe
  - Sinfonia Varsovia Centrum (Sinfonia Varsovia Centrum): https://www.sinfoniavarsoviacentrum.pl/en/

## Stadium in Gdańsk (EURO 2012)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/stadion-euro-2012-gdansk
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 709 mln PLN | Investor: Miasto Gdańsk (operator: Arena Gdańsk Operator sp. z o.o.)
Timeline: started 2009-05-28, delivered 2011-07-19
Outcome: delivered, delayed
Description: A municipal football stadium in Gdańsk's Letnica district at ul. Pokoleń Lechii Gdańsk 1, built as one of the arenas for the UEFA Euro 2012 European Football Championship, co-hosted by Poland and Ukraine. Construction began on 28 May 2009; the facility received its occupancy permit on 19 July 2011, against an originally assumed completion date of the end of 2010. The construction cost amounted to PLN 709 million. The stadium, with its characteristic amber façade and a capacity of approx. 41,600 seats, is owned by the City of Gdańsk and managed by the company Arena Gdańsk Operator sp. z o.o. During Euro 2012, three group-stage matches and one quarter-final were played here; the facility is the home stadium of Lechia Gdańsk. In subsequent years it operated under sponsorship names (PGE Arena, Stadion Energa Gdańsk, Polsat Plus Arena Gdańsk).
Significance: The stadium in Gdańsk was one of four Polish arenas of the UEFA Euro 2012 European Championship and the largest sports and entertainment investment in Gdańsk's history, built in the Letnica district as city property. During the tournament the facility hosted three group-stage matches (including Spain–Italy) and the Germany–Greece quarter-final. After Euro 2012 the stadium, with a capacity of approx. 41,600 seats, became a permanent sports and concert arena of the Pomorskie region and the home stadium of Lechia Gdańsk; the first league match was played there on 14 August 2011. Managed by the municipal company Arena Gdańsk Operator, in subsequent years it operated under changing sponsorship names.
Sources:
  - Stadion w Gdańsku (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadion_w_Gda%C5%84sku
  - 10 lat gdańskiego stadionu w Letnicy. ZOBACZ historię obiektu na zdjęciach (Gdansk.pl (Urząd Miejski w Gdańsku), 2021-07): https://www.gdansk.pl/wiadomosci/10-lat-gdanskiego-stadionu-w-Letnicy-ZOBACZ-historie-obiektu-na-zdjeciach,a,200398
  - About the stadium — Polsat Plus Arena Gdańsk (Arena Gdańsk Operator sp. z o.o.): https://polsatplusarenagdansk.pl/en/about-the-stadium/
  - Euro 2012 w Gdańsku. Mija 10 lat od wydarzenia, które zmieniło miasto (Gdansk.pl (Urząd Miejski w Gdańsku), 2022-06): https://www.gdansk.pl/wiadomosci/Euro-2012-w-Gdansku-10-lat-dekada-minela-od-wielkiego-wydarzenia-pilkarskiego,a,221763

## Poznań Stadium (redevelopment for UEFA Euro 2012)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/stadion-euro-2012-poznan
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 747 mln PLN | Investor: Miasto Poznań (POSiR)
Timeline: started 2003, delivered 2010-09-20
Outcome: delivered
Description: A thorough redevelopment of the municipal stadium at ul. Bułgarska in Poznań, carried out as an investment of the City of Poznań for the UEFA Euro 2012 European Football Championship. As part of the modernization (the construction period of the new stadium being 2003–2010), four roofed stands were built; work on stands I and III lasted from October 2008 and was completed in September 2010. The official opening of the modernized facility took place on 20 September 2010. The capacity is 42,837 seats (increased to 43,269 from 2012). The construction cost of the new stadium was given as PLN 747 million. The owner is the City of Poznań (POSiR).
Significance: The redevelopment of the Municipal Stadium at ul. Bułgarska was one of Poznań's key investments connected with Poland's co-hosting of the UEFA Euro 2012 European Football Championship. In 2012, three group-stage matches of the tournament were played at the stadium. The facility remains the home stadium of the KKS Lech Poznań club and the city's main multifunctional sports and entertainment arena, holding over 42,000 spectators. The inaugural opening of the modernized stadium on 20 September 2010 was marked by a concert.
Sources:
  - Stadion Miejski w Poznaniu (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadion_Miejski_w_Poznaniu
  - Stadion Miejski w Poznaniu (muratorplus.pl, 2012-01-31): https://www.muratorplus.pl/inwestycje/inwestycje-publiczne/stadion-miejski-w-poznaniu-aa-99LJ-U6dp-seBn.html
  - Stadion Miejski w Poznaniu — historia i przebudowa (tenpoznan.pl, 2023-10-10): https://tenpoznan.pl/stadion-miejski-w-poznaniu-historia-i-przebudowa/

## Municipal Stadium in Wrocław (Tarczyński Arena / Stadion Wrocław)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/stadion-euro-2012-wroclaw
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 947 mln PLN | Investor: Miasto Wrocław (operator: SMG)
Timeline: started 2009-04-14, delivered 2011-09-08
Outcome: delivered, over budget
Description: A multifunctional municipal stadium in Wrocław, in the Pilczyce district (Aleja Śląska 1), built by the City of Wrocław as one of the arenas of the UEFA Euro 2012 European Football Championship. Construction began on 14 April 2009 (the signing of the construction contract with the executing consortium), and the facility was put into use — conditional admission by building supervision — on 8 September 2011; the first event was the Tomasz Adamek – Witalij Kłyczko boxing match on 10 September 2011. The stands hold 42,771 seats. The final construction cost amounted to approximately PLN 947 million. The facility is owned by the City of Wrocław, and its operator became the firm SMG; the arena's main user is the football club Śląsk Wrocław. Since 2021 the stadium has operated under the sponsorship name Tarczyński Arena Wrocław.
Significance: The Municipal Stadium in Wrocław was the largest sports investment in the city's history and one of four Polish stadiums built for UEFA Euro 2012 — the tournament co-hosted by Poland and Ukraine. Three group-stage matches of the tournament were played there, including one match featuring the Polish national team (16 June 2012). After the championship the facility became Wrocław's main entertainment and sports arena and the home stadium of the Śląsk Wrocław club, hosting league matches, concerts, and mass events. The final construction cost (approx. PLN 947 million) significantly exceeded the original estimates and the value of the first contract with the contractor (nearly PLN 730 million), which was the subject of disputes and subsequent financial settlements.
Sources:
  - Stadion Miejski we Wrocławiu (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadion_Miejski_we_Wroc%C5%82awiu
  - Po 10 latach od Euro dopłacą do budowy stadionu 43 mln zł (Money.pl, 2022-05-02): https://www.money.pl/gospodarka/po-10-latach-od-euro-doplaca-do-budowy-stadionu-43-mln-zl-6764524238674720a.html
  - Wrocław Stadium (Wikipedia (en)): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wroc%C5%82aw_Stadium
  - Stadion Wrocław (Tarczyński Arena) (PIK Wrocław (portal miejski)): https://pik.wroclaw.pl/miejsca/stadion-wroclaw/

## National Stadium (PGE Narodowy) in Warsaw
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/stadion-narodowy-pge-narodowy-w-warszawie
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 2.0 bn PLN | Investor: Skarb Państwa (operator: PL.2012+ sp. z o.o.)
Timeline: started 2008-10-07, delivered 2012-01-29
Outcome: delivered, delayed, over budget
Description: A multifunctional national stadium in Warsaw's Praga-Południe district, at al. ks. J. Poniatowskiego, built as a State Treasury investment for the UEFA Euro 2012 European Football Championship. Construction began on 7 October 2008, and the official inauguration of the facility took place on 29 January 2012. The stands hold over 58,000 seats for matches, and in a concert configuration the arena can accommodate even around 80,000 people. The construction cost was given as PLN 1,976,061,375 (excluding land and compensation, as of 2013). Since 1 January 2013 the operator has been the company PL.2012+, wholly owned by the State Treasury; since July 2015 the facility has operated under the sponsorship name PGE Narodowy.
Significance: The National Stadium was the largest single investment in an entertainment and sports facility in Poland's history, carried out for the needs of UEFA Euro 2012 — the tournament co-hosted by Poland and Ukraine. After the championship ended, the arena became the country's main multifunctional venue, hosting national team matches, concerts, and mass events for tens of thousands of spectators. Maintaining the facility also involved operating costs: in November 2022 a defect was detected in one of the elements of the steel-cable roof structure, due to which the stadium was temporarily closed, with reopening taking place in December 2022.
Sources:
  - Historia i informacje — PGE Narodowy im. Kazimierza Górskiego w Warszawie (PGE Narodowy (PL.2012+)): https://www.pgenarodowy.pl/o-arenie/historia-i-informacje
  - Ile kosztował Stadion Narodowy (PortalSamorzadowy.pl): https://www.portalsamorzadowy.pl/inwestycje/ile-to-kosztowal-stadion-narodowy,33839.html
  - Stadion Narodowy im. Kazimierza Górskiego w Warszawie (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stadion_Narodowy_im._Kazimierza_G%C3%B3rskiego_w_Warszawie
  - PGE Narodowy ponownie otwarty. Naprawiono usterkę dachu (Rzeczpospolita (rp.pl), 2022-12): https://www.rp.pl/kraj/art37614641-pge-narodowy-ponownie-otwarty-naprawiono-usterke-dachu
  - PGE Narodowy kluczowym miejscem na mapie Warszawy. "W ubiegłym roku stadion odwiedziły ponad 2 miliony osób" [wywiad] (SportMarketing.pl, 2026-05): https://www.sportmarketing.pl/wywiady/108294/pge-narodowy-kluczowym-miejscem-na-mapie-warszawy-w-ubieglym-roku-stadion-odwiedzily-ponad-2-miliony-osob-wywiad/
  - Ile kosztował stadion narodowy — skąd wzięły się blisko 2 mld zł? (kspppn.pl): https://kspppn.pl/ile-kosztowal-stadion-narodowy-skad-wziely-sie-blisko-2-mld-zl

## Siarzewo Barrage on the Vistula
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/stopien-wodny-siarzewo
Status: paused | Stage: permits | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 7.5 bn PLN | Investor: Państwowe Gospodarstwo Wodne Wody Polskie
Timeline: announced 2017, planned 2032
Outcome: delayed
Description: A planned barrage on the Vistula in the locality of Siarzewo below Włocławek (Kujawsko-Pomorskie Voivodeship): a dam with a navigation lock, a reservoir with a capacity of 135 million m3, and a hydroelectric power plant with a capacity of approx. 80 MW. The investor is PGW Wody Polskie, and financing of over PLN 7.5 billion was provided for in the multi-year programme "Development of the Lower Vistula" adopted in October 2023. Following the annulment of the environmental decision by the GDOŚ in December 2024 and the dismissal of Wody Polskie's appeal by the Provincial Administrative Court in Warsaw in June 2026, the investment remains blocked; Wody Polskie announce a cassation appeal to the Supreme Administrative Court (NSA).
Significance: The barrage was to increase annual electricity production by approx. 350 GWh, improve navigation conditions on the lower Vistula, and support flood protection below the dam at Włocławek. The project, whose concepts date back to the 1990s, has for years drawn opposition from scientists and environmental organizations pointing, among other things, to its impact on Natura 2000 areas and the Kulin reserve; the dispute over the environmental decision halted the investment before construction began.
Sources:
  - Zapora w Siarzewie. Rząd przyjął program wieloletni "Zagospodarowanie Dolnej Wisły" (TVN24, 2023-10-10): https://tvn24.pl/biznes/z-kraju/zapora-siarzewo-koszt-rzad-przyjal-program-zagospodarowanie-dolnej-wisly-st7384892
  - Rząd na ostatniej prostej przepycha szkodliwy stopień Siarzewo. Koszt: 7,5 mld (OKO.press, 2023-10-11): https://oko.press/na-zywo/wybory-na-zywo-oko-press/rzad-na-ostatniej-prostej-przepycha-szkodliwy-stopien-siarzewo-koszt-75-mld
  - Stopień wodny w Siarzewie się oddala. Sąd podtrzymuje niekorzystną decyzję (Portal Kujawski, 2026-06-23): https://portalkujawski.pl/2026/stopien-wodny-w-siarzewie-sie-oddala-sad-podtrzymuje-niekorzystna-decyzje/
  - Zapora na Wiśle nie powstanie? Spór o inwestycję wartą 10 mld zł (Money.pl, 2026-06-30): https://www.money.pl/gospodarka/zapora-na-wisle-nie-powstanie-spor-o-inwestycje-warta-10-mld-zl-7302440405412160a.html
  - Niekończąca się sprawa stopnia wodnego w Siarzewie. Wody Polskie chcą zaskarżyć wyrok sądu (Polskie Radio PiK, 2026-07-02): https://www.radiopik.pl/2,140071,niekonczaca-sie-sprawa-stopnia-wodnego-w-siarzewie-wody-polskie-chca-zaskarzyc-wyrok-sadu
  - 10 lat zabiegów o decyzję środowiskową i ponad 5 mln zł kosztów. Wody Polskie przegrały sprawę Siarzewa (Dziennik Gazeta Prawna, 2026-06): https://edgp.gazetaprawna.pl/gospodarka/klimat-i-srodowisko/artykuly/11265735,wody-polskie-przegraly-sprawe-siarzewa-wyrok-moze-przesadzic-o-przysz.html

## Szczecin Metropolitan Railway
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/szczecinska-kolej-metropolitalna
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 1.4 bn PLN | Investor: Stowarzyszenie Szczecińskiego Obszaru Metropolitalnego
Timeline: planned 2026-12-31
Outcome: delayed
Description: A rapid metropolitan rail programme in the Szczecin Metropolitan Area, based on the modernization of existing railway lines nos. 406, 273, 351 and 401, connecting Szczecin with Police, Stargard, Gryfino and Goleniów. The beneficiary of EU funds and the coordinator is the Association of the Szczecin Metropolitan Area, infrastructure works are carried out by PKP PLK, and services are organized by the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship. The investment is being carried out in two phases with a combined value of approx. PLN 1.35 billion, with EU co-financing. The project is heavily delayed relative to the original plans, and in its report the Supreme Audit Office (NIK) assessed the preparation and oversight negatively; the cost of the task rose by nearly 40 percent in 2022 alone. The launch of regular services on the most neglected line to Police has been postponed to the turn of 2026/2027.
Significance: Once completed, the system is to provide fast, regular rail connections between Szczecin and the municipalities of the metropolitan area (Police, Stargard, Gryfino, Goleniów), with a network of modernized and new stops and stations, improving the accessibility of public transport and reducing car traffic on approaches to the city.
Sources:
  - O projekcie - Szczecińska Kolej Metropolitalna (Stowarzyszenie Szczecińskiego Obszaru Metropolitalnego): https://skm.szczecin.pl/o-projekcie/
  - Szczecińska Kolej Metropolitalna donikąd (Najwyższa Izba Kontroli, 2023): https://www.nik.gov.pl/aktualnosci/budowa-szczecinskiej-kolei-metropolitalnej.html
  - Szczecińska Kolej Metropolitalna z ogromnym opóźnieniem i dużo drożej - raport NIK (TVN24, 2023-01-23): https://tvn24.pl/trojmiasto/szczecin-szczecinska-kolej-metropolitalna-z-ogromnym-opoznieniem-i-duzo-drozej-raport-nik-st6644797
  - SKM Szczecin - pociągi do Polic wrócą w przyszłym roku (Rynek Kolejowy, 2025-12-22): https://www.rynek-kolejowy.pl/wiadomosci/skm-szczecin--pociagi-do-polic-wroca-w-przyszlym-roku-126058.html
  - Szczecińska Kolej Metropolitalna - strona główna (Stowarzyszenie Szczecińskiego Obszaru Metropolitalnego): https://skm.szczecin.pl/
  - Wiemy, kiedy pojedziemy SKM-ką do Polic. Postępują prace torowe (wSzczecinie.pl, 2025-11-19): https://wszczecinie.pl/wiemy-kiedy-pojedziemy-skm-ka-do-polic-postepuja-prace-torowe/52969

## PGE Peaking Gas Units — Rybnik and Dolna Odra/Gryfino (~1.2 GW)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/szczytowe-bloki-gazowe-pge-rybnik-dolna-odra
Status: planned | Stage: tender | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 6.0 bn PLN | Investor: PGE Polska Grupa Energetyczna
Timeline: announced 2025-12, planned 2030
Description: PGE has commissioned the consortium of Polimex Mostostal (consortium leader) and Siemens Energy to build two peaking gas-fired power plants: in Rybnik (Śląskie Voivodeship) and in Gryfino/Nowe Czarnowo at the Dolna Odra Power Plant (Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship). Each unit has a capacity of approx. 600 MW (nearly 1.2 GW in total) and will be built using open-cycle gas turbine (OCGT) technology — as so-called peakers, started up quickly during peak demand and to balance renewable energy sources. The combined value of both contracts, including servicing, is approx. PLN 6 billion. In December 2025, both units secured 15-year contracts in the capacity market auction for the years 2030–2044, and the construction order was announced in March 2026. These are units separate from the combined-cycle gas units (CCGT) already operating on the same sites — Nowy Rybnik 882 MW and Dolna Odra 2x approx. 700 MW.
Significance: The peaking OCGT units are to supply flexible, quickly dispatchable power supporting the National Power System during periods of increased demand and balancing the growing share of non-controllable renewable sources. The investment fits into the move away from coal — it is to replace part of the worn-out coal capacity — and secures energy supplies during the transition period, complementing the combined-cycle gas units already operating on both sites.
Sources:
  - PGE zamówiła szczytowe bloki gazowe dla Rybnika i Dolnej Odry (WNP.pl, 2026-03): https://www.wnp.pl/energia/energetyka/pge-zamowila-szczytowe-bloki-gazowe-dla-rybnika-i-dolnej-odry,1038664.html
  - PGE inwestuje 6 mld zł w nowe bloki gazowe. Powstaną w Rybniku i Gryfinie (Rzeczpospolita (energia.rp.pl), 2026-03): https://energia.rp.pl/energetyka/art43912811-pge-wybuduje-nowe-bloki-gazowe-za-6-mld-zl
  - PGE z umowami na budowę dwóch nowych elektrowni gazowych (Energetyka24, 2026-03): https://energetyka24.com/surowce/gaz/pge-z-umowami-na-budowe-dwoch-nowych-elektrowni-gazowych
  - PGE wyda ponad 6 mld zł na dwie nowe elektrownie. „Most między węglem a atomem” (Bankier.pl, 2026-03): https://www.bankier.pl/wiadomosc/PGE-podpisala-z-konsorcjum-Polimeksu-i-Siemensa-umowy-na-budowe-dwoch-elektrowni-gazowych-9092811.html
  - PGE zamówiła szczytowe bloki gazowe dla Rybnika i Dolnej Odry (24Kurier.pl, 2026-03): https://24kurier.pl/aktualnosci/gospodarka/pge-zamowila-szczytowe-bloki-gazowe-dla-rybnika-i-dolnej-odry/
  - PGE podpisała umowy na budowę dwóch nowych elektrowni gazowych w Rybniku i Gryfinie (PGE Polska Grupa Energetyczna, 2026-03): https://www.gkpge.pl/grupa-pge/dla-mediow/komunikaty-prasowe/korporacyjne/pge-podpisala-umowy-na-budowe-dwoch-nowych-elektrowni-gazowych-w-rybniku-i-gryfinie

## New Oncology Hospital in Wrocław (DCOPiH)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/szpital-onkologiczny-wroclaw
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 1.5 bn PLN | Investor: Dolnośląskie Centrum Onkologii, Pulmonologii i Hematologii (DCOPiH); inwestor: Samorząd Województwa Dolnośląskiego
Timeline: announced 2023-05, started 2024-10, planned 2027-08
Description: The New Oncology Hospital in Wrocław is a new headquarters under construction for the Lower Silesian Center of Oncology, Pulmonology and Hematology (DCOPiH) — described as the largest healthcare investment in the history of Lower Silesia, financed by the Dolnośląskie Voivodeship self-government and the state budget. The facility, with an area of approx. 100,500 m², is to accommodate 671 beds in 2-person rooms as well as 14 operating theatres and consolidate three existing facilities. The construction contract was signed on 22 May 2023 with the company PORR (the most advantageous bid in the tender at approx. PLN 1.055 billion), and the total value of the investment is estimated at approx. PLN 1.5 billion. The cornerstone was laid in October 2024; in 2026 construction was ahead of schedule by more than four months — the façade was completed and finishing works were underway. Completion of construction is envisaged for August 2027 at the latest, and the admission of the first patients was originally planned for 2028, now for 2027.
Significance: The investment is to be the largest hospital in the history of Lower Silesia and to consolidate three existing DCOPiH facilities into a single modern building. The number of operating theatres will increase from 8 to 14, which is to allow up to 10,000 procedures per year, and patients will have 671 beds in 2-person rooms at their disposal. Support from the state budget for the investment exceeds half a billion złoty.
Sources:
  - Budowa szpitala onkologicznego Wrocław Kosmonautów — kamień węgielny (wroclaw.pl, 2024-10-21): https://www.wroclaw.pl/dla-mieszkanca/budowa-szpitala-onkologicznego-wroclaw-kosmonautow-kamien-wegielny-zdjecia
  - Umowa na budowę szpitala onkologicznego we Wrocławiu podpisana (DCOPiH, 2023-05-22): https://dcopih.pl/umowa-na-budowe-szpitala-onkologicznego-we-wroclawiu-podpisana/
  - Nowy Szpital Onkologiczny we Wrocławiu przy ul. Hipokratesa rośnie szybciej niż planowano (DCOPiH, 2025-11-03): https://dcopih.pl/nowy-szpital-onkologiczny-we-wroclawiu-przy-ul-hipokratesa-rosnie-szybciej-niz-planowano/
  - Wybudowali już połowę nowoczesnego szpitala onkologicznego we Wrocławiu (wroclaw.pl, 2026-02-05): https://www.wroclaw.pl/dla-mieszkanca/budowa-nowego-szpitala-onkologicznego-wroclaw-w-polowie
  - Ponad miliard złotych na nowy szpital. To największa tego typu inwestycja w regionie (money.pl, 2023-03-07): https://www.money.pl/gospodarka/ponad-miliard-zlotych-na-nowy-szpital-to-najwieksza-tego-typu-inwestycja-w-regionie-6873911090186944a.html
  - Podpisano umowę na budowę nowego szpitala onkologicznego we Wrocławiu (Termedia, 2023-05-23): https://www.termedia.pl/onkologia/Podpisano-umowe-na-budowe-nowego-szpitala-onkologicznego-we-Wroclawiu,51640.html

## CPK Rail Spokes (hub-and-spoke model)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/szprychy-kolejowe-cpk-model-piasta-szprychy
Status: cancelled | Stage: announced | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): n/a | Investor: Centralny Port Komunikacyjny sp. z o.o. (CPK)
Timeline: announced 2017
Outcome: abandoned, restructured
Description: The abandoned "hub-and-spoke" rail model from the original CPK Concept (2017), which envisaged building a network of new railway lines, including high-speed lines, radiating from across Poland toward the CPK hub near Warsaw. The programme ultimately covered approx. 2,000 km of "spokes" linking new sections built by CPK with modernizations by PKP PLK. In practice, by 2023 study and design work had not begun for a significant portion of the routes. Internal audits from 2024 and the "New Path for CPK" study from 2025 formally departed from the hub-and-spoke model in favor of a polycentric, integrated railway network (ZSK); some corridors, such as the "Y" line, are being continued as separate undertakings, while the remaining spokes were abandoned.
Significance: The departure from the hub-and-spoke model meant abandoning the originally announced approx. 2,000 km of lines converging on the CPK hub and replacing them with a polycentric, integrated railway network. According to declarations by the Ministry of Infrastructure, approx. 1,000 km of new routes are to be built by 2035, including as part of the construction of the "Y" line (Warsaw – CPK – Łódź – Poznań/Wrocław), the "Kolej Plus" programme, and work on CMK Północ. The change of concept shifted the horizon and scope of rail investments related to CPK and became the subject of public dispute over whether the former "spokes" were a realistic plan or an unrealistic schedule.
Reason for failure: The original hub-and-spoke model from the CPK Concept (2017) was abandoned. By 2023, study and design work had not begun for approx. 500 km of the announced 2,000 km of lines. Audits from 2024 and the "New Path for CPK" study from 2025 replaced the hub-and-spoke model with a polycentric, integrated railway network (ZSK); CPK representatives described the former "spokes" as "a fairy tale." Some corridors (including the "Y" line) are being continued, while the remaining spokes were abandoned.
Sources:
  - CPK przekonuje, że szprychy były "bajką". Wiceminister obiecuje 1000 km nowych linii kolejowych (Money.pl, 2025-08-25): https://www.money.pl/gospodarka/cpk-przekonuje-ze-szprychy-byly-bajka-wiceminister-obiecuje-1000-km-nowych-linii-kolejowych-7193084944874240a.html
  - CPK odkłamuje mity na temat rezygnacji ze szprych i rozwoju sieci kolejowej (Rynek Kolejowy, 2025-08-25): https://www.rynek-kolejowy.pl/wiadomosci/cpk-odklamuje-mity-na-temat-szprych-i-sieci-kolejowej--124474.html
  - Przyszłość CPK nadal pod znakiem zapytania. Kolejowe szprychy też nie powstaną (Obserwator Logistyczny, 2024-05-28): https://obserwatorlogistyczny.pl/2024/05/28/przyszlosc-cpk-nadal-pod-znakiem-zapytania-kolejowe-szprychy-tez-nie-powstana/
  - CPK odkłamuje kolejowe mity. Nie będzie szprych, będzie system (Pasazer.com, 2025-08-25): https://www.pasazer.com/news/468409/cpk,odklamuje,kolejowe,mity,nie,bedzie,szprych,bedzie,system.html
  - Strona główna podmiotu CENTRALNY PORT KOMUNIKACYJNY SPÓŁKA Z OGRANICZONĄ ODPOWIEDZIALNOŚCIĄ (Biuletyn Informacji Publicznej CPK): https://cpk.bip.gov.pl/
  - CPK. Jest decyzja lokalizacyjna dla węzła kolejowego (wschód) (Rynek Lotniczy): https://www.rynek-lotniczy.pl/wiadomosci/wojewoda-mazowiecki-wydal-decyzje-lokalizacyjna-dla-wezla-kolejowego-po-wschodniej-stronie-lotniska-28204.html
  - CPK prezentuje ZSK. 4700 km nowych linii kolejowych (Rynek Kolejowy, 2026-06-15): https://www.rynek-kolejowy.pl/wiadomosci/cpk-prezentuje-zsk-4700-km-nowych-linii-kolejowych-153247.html
  - ZSK i „szprychy”. Rząd Donalda Tuska pokazał plan dla polskiej kolei (Klub Jagielloński, 2026-06-18): https://klubjagiellonski.pl/2026/06/18/rzad-pokazal-plan-zmian-na-polskiej-kolei-co-zostalo-ze-szprych/

## East Shield (National Deterrence and Defense Programme)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/tarcza-wschod
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 10.0 bn PLN | Investor: Ministerstwo Obrony Narodowej (MON)
Timeline: announced 2024-05-18, started 2024-10, planned 2028
Description: A national deterrence and defense programme announced by Prime Minister Donald Tusk on 18 May 2024, comprising the construction of a belt of fortifications, engineering obstacles and detection systems along Poland's eastern and northern border — with Belarus and with Russia — in six voivodeships. Construction of the first elements began in late October 2024; by the end of 2025 approx. 60 km of the border had been secured with engineering measures, and the plan for 2026 envisages covering more than 200 km of further sections with works. Completion of the programme is planned for 2028, with an announced budget of at least PLN 10 billion.
Significance: The programme is to strengthen the state's resilience to attack and hybrid warfare by creating, along the borders with Russia and Belarus, a system of fortifications, obstacles and detection intended to deter a potential aggressor and hinder any incursion. It covers six voivodeships of eastern and northern Poland and is the largest postwar fortification undertaking financed from the defense ministry's budget; the government is additionally seeking co-financing from EU and NATO sources.
Sources:
  - Narodowy Program Odstraszania i Obrony – Tarcza Wschód (Kancelaria Prezesa Rady Ministrów (gov.pl), 2024-05-18): https://www.gov.pl/web/premier/narodowy-program-odstraszania-i-obrony--tarcza-wschod
  - Tarcza Wschód – inwestycja w bezpieczeństwo Polski (Ministerstwo Obrony Narodowej (gov.pl), 2024-11-12): https://www.gov.pl/web/obrona-narodowa/tarcza-wschod--inwestycja-w-bezpieczenstwo-polski
  - Tarcza Wschód – Narodowy Program Odstraszania i Obronności (Gmina Leżajsk (samorzad.gov.pl)): https://samorzad.gov.pl/web/gmina-lezajsk/tarcza-wschod---narodowy-program-odstraszania-i-obronnosci
  - Narodowy plan bezpieczeństwa „Tarcza Wschód” (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narodowy_plan_bezpiecze%C5%84stwa_%E2%80%9ETarcza_Wsch%C3%B3d%E2%80%9D
  - Co z Tarczą Wschód w 2026? Wojsko przedstawia plan (Defence24, 2026-01-26): https://defence24.pl/polityka-obronna/co-z-tarcza-wschod-w-2026-wojsko-przedstawia-plan
  - Tarcza Wschód. Na granicach z Rosją i Białorusią rosną przeszkody dla obcych wojsk (Rzeczpospolita, 2026-01-27): https://www.rp.pl/wojsko/art43703271-polska-tworzy-na-granicy-tzw-tarcze-wschod-co-juz-zbudowano

## Terminal 1 of Warsaw-Okęcie Airport (1992)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/terminal-1-portu-lotniczego-warszawa-okecie
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): n/a | Investor: Polskie Porty Lotnicze (PPL)
Timeline: started 1990, delivered 1992-07-01
Outcome: delivered
Description: A new international passenger terminal at Warsaw's Okęcie Airport (now Chopin Airport), built in 1990–1992 and put into service on 1 July 1992. Terminal 1 — today the older part of Terminal A — with a usable area of 94,082 m², was designed with an initial capacity of about 3.5 million passengers per year. The general contractor for the investment was the company Hochtief Polska. The owner and manager of the airport is the state-owned enterprise Polskie Porty Lotnicze (PPL). The facility was Poland's main gateway for air communication with abroad in the 1990s and was later expanded and integrated with a new terminal (2012–2015).
Significance: Terminal 1 was the first modern passenger terminal built at Warsaw's Okęcie and for many years Poland's main airport handling international traffic. Opened in 1992, during the transformation period, it significantly increased the capacity and standard of passenger service at the capital's airport (a design capacity of approx. 3.5 million passengers per year), becoming a symbolic "window on the world" for the country. In 2012–2015 the terminal was rebuilt and joined with the newer part into a single Terminal A.
Sources:
  - Lotnisko Chopina w Warszawie (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotnisko_Chopina_w_Warszawie
  - Port lotniczy Warszawa-Okęcie — Terminal 1 (Urbanity.pl): https://www.urbanity.pl/mazowieckie/warszawa/port-lotniczy-warszawa-okecie-terminal-1,b2022

## FSRU Terminal in the Gulf of Gdańsk (FSRU Programme)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/terminal-fsru-w-zatoce-gdanskiej-program-fsru
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 4.5 bn PLN | Investor: Gaz-System S.A.
Timeline: started 2025, planned 2028
Description: The FSRU Programme, carried out by Gaz-System, comprises the construction of a floating LNG regasification terminal in the Gulf of Gdańsk, in the area of Górki Zachodnie in Gdańsk, and the expansion of the national transmission network by approx. 250 km of gas pipelines (including Gdańsk–Gustorzyn). The chartered FSRU unit, with tank capacity of 170,000 m3 of LNG, is to enable the receipt and regasification of at least 6.1 billion m3 of gas per year. The onshore part of the programme was planned for completion in 2026, the regasification unit was launched in May 2026 at the HD Hyundai Heavy Industries shipyard in South Korea, its arrival in the Gulf of Gdańsk is envisaged for the end of 2027, and the start of regasification services for the first quarter of 2028. The estimated cost of the offshore and onshore infrastructure is approx. PLN 4.5 billion (excluding the cost of chartering the unit).
Significance: The terminal is to increase Poland's liquefied natural gas import capacity and strengthen the diversification of supplies. The target regasification capacity of at least 6.1 billion m3 of gas per year is to cover a significant part of national demand.
Sources:
  - Terminal FSRU – opis inwestycji (Gaz-System S.A.): https://www.gaz-system.pl/pl/terminal-fsru/opis-inwestycji.html
  - Gaz-System: koszt pływającego terminala LNG i infrastruktury to ok. 4,5 mld zł (WNP.pl, 2025-05-31): https://www.wnp.pl/rynki/gaz-system-koszt-plywajacego-terminala-lng-i-infrastruktury-to-ok-4-5-mld-zl,950377.html
  - Jednostka FSRU zwodowana. Kolejny kamień milowy strategicznej inwestycji GAZ-SYSTEM (Gaz-System S.A., 2026-05-19): https://www.gaz-system.pl/pl/dla-mediow/komunikaty-prasowe/2026/maj/19-05-2026-jednostka-fsru-zwodowana-kolejny-kamien-milowy-strategicznej-inwestycji-gaz-system.html
  - Terminal FSRU w Gdańsku coraz bliżej. Gaz-System planuje w 2026 r. zakończyć budowę części lądowej (Bankier.pl, 2025-10-23): https://www.bankier.pl/wiadomosc/Terminal-FSRU-w-Gdansku-coraz-blizej-Gaz-System-planuje-w-2026-r-zakonczyc-budowe-czesci-ladowej-9029200.html

## Świnoujście Offshore Terminal — ORLEN Neptun Offshore Wind Farm Installation Terminal
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/terminal-instalacyjny-morskich-farm-wiatrowych-orlen-neptun
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 168 mln PLN | Investor: ORLEN Neptun sp. z o.o. (Grupa ORLEN)
Timeline: delivered 2025-06
Outcome: delivered
Description: Poland's first installation terminal for offshore wind farms, put into operation at the port of Świnoujście in June 2025 (official opening on 10 June 2025). The facility, owned by ORLEN Neptun of the ORLEN Group, occupies approx. 20 ha and has two quays with a combined length of approx. 500 m, adapted for handling the largest jack-up and heavy-lift vessels as well as offshore wind farm components weighing up to 24,000 tons. The value of the investment was almost EUR 39 million. The terminal's target capacity is more than 80 offshore wind turbines per year. The terminal serves as both an installation and a marshalling port, and its first tenant was the Ocean Winds consortium (the BC-Wind project). An expansion is planned by 2030 to add quays nos. 3 and 4 (530 m in total, ultimately more than 1 km of quays) and a storage yard with an area of approx. 46 ha, initially estimated at approx. PLN 210 million, though funding for it is currently lacking (an application to the EU's CEF 2 instrument did not obtain support).
Significance: The terminal is the first in Poland and one of the most modern in Europe as an installation base for offshore wind farms, giving the national offshore energy sector its own logistics base on the Baltic and strengthening Świnoujście's role as the region's maritime energy hub. It serves not only the ORLEN Group's projects (Baltic East, Baltic West) but also external domestic and foreign operators, including Ocean Winds and Smulders, and approx. 95 Polish companies were involved in its construction. The planned doubling of the area by 2030 is to enable the parallel handling of the construction of two wind farms on the Baltic.
Sources:
  - Świnoujście Offshore Terminal (ORLEN Neptun): https://neptun.orlen.pl/pl/o-spolce/inwestycje/terminal
  - Terminal instalacyjny dla farm wiatrowych ma być dwa razy większy do 2030 r. (Polski Portal Morski (polskamorska.pl), 2026-06-08): https://polskamorska.pl/2026/06/08/terminal-instalacyjny-dla-farm-wiatrowych-ma-byc-dwa-razy-wiekszy-do-2030-r/
  - Terminal Orlenu ma być jedynym takim miejscem w Europie. Na razie jednak nie ma pieniędzy (WNP.pl, 2026-06): https://www.wnp.pl/energia/terminal-instalacyjny-orlenu-dla-offshoru-bedzie-rozbudowany-na-razie-jednak-brakuje-pieniedzy,1069743.html
  - ORLEN Group opens the first offshore wind installation terminal in Poland. First contract already in place (Świnoujście Offshore Terminal / ORLEN, 2025-06-10): http://swinoujscieoffshoreterminal.pl/en/for-media/news/2025/orlen-group-opens-the-first-offshore-wind-terminal-in-poland
  - ORLEN opens Poland's first offshore wind farm installation terminal – first contract already signed (ORLEN, 2025-06-10): https://www.orlen.pl/en/about-the-company/media/press-releases/current/2025/june-2025/orlen-opens-polands-first-offshore-wind-farm-installation-terminal--first-contract-already-signed
  - Another partner to access Świnoujście Offshore Terminal. ORLEN Neptun secures new contract (ORLEN, 2025-09-15): https://www.orlen.pl/en/about-the-company/media/press-releases/current/2025/september-2025/another-partner-to-access-swinoujscie-offshore-terminal-orlen-neptun-secures-new-contract

## Deepwater Container Terminal in Świnoujście (Przylądek Pomerania)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/terminal-kontenerowy-swinoujscie
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 10.0 bn PLN | Investor: Zarząd Morskich Portów Szczecin i Świnoujście S.A.
Timeline: announced 2023-07-10, started 2026-07-13, planned 2030
Outcome: delayed
Description: Construction of a new outer port in Świnoujście under the working name Przylądek Pomerania: approximately 186 hectares of reclaimed land on the right-bank part of the city, a port basin with a depth of 17 m, nearly 3 km of quays, and a deepwater container terminal with a 1.3 km quay and a handling capacity of 2 million TEU per year. The investor is Zarząd Morskich Portów Szczecin i Świnoujście S.A.; after the final agreement with the DEME–QTerminals consortium was not concluded in November 2025, the project is to be carried out independently by state entities. Physical construction started on 13 July 2026 with the technical road; completion is planned for approximately 2030, and the estimated total cost is approximately PLN 10 billion.
Significance: The terminal is intended to give Polish ports the capacity to handle the largest container vessels — quays for 400-metre vessels and a basin with a depth of 17 m are planned — and to handle 2 million TEU per year, which would make it the largest container investment in Poland's history. The project has been included in the country's most important strategic documents. The investment is contested: the environmental decision was challenged by a German citizens' initiative from the island of Usedom and by the Świnoujście association Zielone Wyspy, and in July 2025 an administrative court suspended its execution. Additional uncertainty was introduced by the withdrawal of the Qatari-Belgian operator consortium (November 2025) — the project is being continued exclusively by state entities, in the expanded Przylądek Pomerania formula.
Sources:
  - Terminal kontenerowy w Świnoujściu (Wikipedia (pl), 2025-12-09): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_kontenerowy_w_%C5%9Awinouj%C5%9Bciu
  - Nowy port w Świnoujściu za 10 mld zł. Będzie konkurencja dla Hamburga (Forsal.pl, 2025-12-04): https://forsal.pl/gospodarka/inwestycje/artykuly/10598592,nowy-port-w-swinoujsciu-za-10-mld-zl-bedzie-konkurencja-dla-hamburga.html
  - Terminal kontenerowy w Świnoujściu. Sąd wstrzymał decyzję środowiskową (TVN24, 2025-07-25): https://tvn24.pl/biznes/z-kraju/terminal-kontenerowy-w-swinoujsciu-sad-wstrzymal-decyzje-srodowiskowa-st8571463
  - Wybudują drogę dla Przylądku Pomerania. Ruszył przetarg (Rynek Infrastruktury, 2026-03-10): https://www.rynekinfrastruktury.pl/wiadomosci/intermodal-i-logistyka/wybuduja-droge-dla-przyladku-pomerania-ruszyl-przetarg-99107.html
  - DEME i QTerminals bez umowy na terminal w Świnoujściu (swinoujskie.info, 2025-11-03): https://www.swinoujskie.info/2025/11/03/deme-i-qterminals-bez-umowy-na-terminal-w-swinoujsciu/
  - Rusza budowa Przylądka Pomerania. W Świnoujściu powstanie największy terminal kontenerowy w historii Polski (Bankier.pl, 2026-07-13): https://www.bankier.pl/wiadomosc/Rusza-budowa-Przyladka-Pomerania-W-Swinoujsciu-powstanie-najwiekszy-terminal-kontenerowy-w-historii-Polski-9167296.html
  - W Świnoujściu rozpoczęła się inwestycja za 10 mld zł. Ruszył Przylądek Pomerania (Polski Portal Morski, 2026-07-14): https://polskamorska.pl/2026/07/14/w-swinoujsciu-rozpoczela-sie-inwestycja-za-10-mld-zl-ruszyl-przyladek-pomerania/

## President Lech Kaczyński LNG Terminal in Świnoujście
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/terminal-lng-swinoujscie-2015
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 3.6 bn PLN | Investor: GAZ-SYSTEM S.A. (operator terminalu; do 2021 poprzez spółkę zależną Polskie LNG S.A.)
Timeline: announced 2006, started 2011-03-23, delivered 2015-12-11
Outcome: delivered, delayed
Description: The first maritime terminal for the receipt and regasification of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in Poland and in the Baltic Sea region, located in Świnoujście, in the Warszów district on the island of Wolin (Ku Morzu 1 Street), in the Zachodniopomorskie Voivodeship. The decision to build the LNG terminal was taken by the government of Kazimierz Marcinkiewicz in 2006, and the cornerstone for the investment was laid on 23 March 2011. The first LNG carrier with liquefied natural gas arrived in Świnoujście on 11 December 2015, and the first commercial LNG delivery reached the terminal on 17 June 2016; the facility has been operated commercially since 2016. The terminal comprises, among other things, three cryogenic LNG storage tanks with a total capacity of 500,000 m³. The final value of the investment reached PLN 3 billion 638 million, including over PLN 888 million in European Union funding. The terminal operator is GAZ-SYSTEM S.A. (until 2021 through its subsidiary Polskie LNG S.A.).
Significance: The LNG terminal in Świnoujście was the first maritime LNG terminal in Poland and in the Baltic Sea region, giving the country access to liquefied natural gas supplies by sea from any supplier and thereby diversifying gas sources beyond the eastern direction. Since its launch in December 2015 and the first commercial delivery in June 2016, the facility has become one of the pillars of Poland's energy security. In the first ten years of operation, 445 deliveries of liquefied natural gas reached the terminal. The installation's regasification capacity was subsequently increased as part of an expansion (to 6.2 billion m³ of gas per year).
Sources:
  - Terminal LNG w Świnoujściu (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_LNG_w_%C5%9Awinouj%C5%9Bciu
  - Terminal LNG im. Prezydenta Lecha Kaczyńskiego w Świnoujściu — informacje o terminalu LNG (GAZ-SYSTEM S.A.): https://www.gaz-system.pl/pl/terminal-lng/informacje-o-terminalu-lng.html
  - 10 lat od pierwszej komercyjnej dostawy do Terminala LNG w Świnoujściu (Ministerstwo Energii (gov.pl), 2026-06-17): https://www.gov.pl/web/energia/10-lat-od-pierwszej-komercyjnej-dostawy-do-terminala-lng-w-swinoujsciu
  - 445 dostaw i 80 mln m³ LNG. Terminal w Świnoujściu skończył 10 lat (Polski Portal Morski (polskamorska.pl), 2026-06-25): https://polskamorska.pl/2026/06/25/445-dostaw-i-80-mln-m%C2%B3-lng-terminal-w-swinoujsciu-skonczyl-10-lat-zdjecia/

## Expansion of the President Lech Kaczyński LNG Terminal in Świnoujście
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/terminal-lng-swinoujscie-rozbudowa
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 1.9 bn PLN | Investor: GAZ-SYSTEM S.A. (inwestycję realizowało Polskie LNG, obecnie GAZ-SYSTEM)
Timeline: started 2020-06-24, planned 2025, delivered 2025-01
Outcome: delivered, delayed
Description: The second stage of the expansion of the LNG terminal in Świnoujście comprised the construction of a third tank with a capacity of approx. 180 thousand m³ and a second quay for the unloading, loading, and bunkering of LNG. Contracts with the contractors (the PORR/TGE consortium and the maritime part) with a total value of approx. PLN 1.9 billion were signed on 24 June 2020, with an original completion date at the end of 2023. The expansion was completed with a delay: from 1 January 2025 the terminal's regasification capacity increased from 6.2 to 8.3 billion m³ per year (compared with 5.0 billion m³ in 2015), and the ceremonial completion of the investment took place on 22 January 2025.
Significance: Following the expansion, the LNG terminal in Świnoujście has a regasification capacity of 8.3 billion m³ per year, corresponding to nearly half of the annual gas demand of domestic consumers — a key element in the diversification of supplies and Poland's energy security after cutting off imports from Russia. The investment received approx. PLN 461 million in EU funding from the 2014-2020 Operational Programme Infrastructure and Environment (POIiŚ).
Sources:
  - GAZ-SYSTEM zakończył rozbudowę terminala LNG w Świnoujściu (GAZ-SYSTEM S.A., 2025-01-22): https://www.gaz-system.pl/pl/dla-mediow/komunikaty-prasowe/2025/styczen/22-01-2025-gaz-system-zakonczyl-rozbudowe-terminala-lng-w-swinoujsciu.html
  - Terminal LNG w Świnoujściu rozbudowany. Zapewni połowę gazu dla Polski (Polska Agencja Prasowa (PAP), 2025-01-22): https://www.pap.pl/aktualnosci/terminal-lng-w-swinoujsciu-rozbudowany-zapewni-polowe-gazu-dla-polski
  - Program Rozbudowy Terminalu LNG (GAZ-SYSTEM S.A.): https://www.gaz-system.pl/pl/terminal-lng/program-rozbudowy-terminalu-lng.html
  - Gaz-System rozbudowuje terminal w Świnoujściu (Cleaner Energy, 2020-06-24): https://cleanerenergy.pl/2020/06/24/gaz-system-rozbudowuje-terminal-w-swinoujsciu/
  - Rozbudowa gazoportu. Gaz-System dopiął ostatni element za prawie 2 mld zł (Money.pl, 2020-07-03): https://www.money.pl/gospodarka/rozbudowa-gazoportu-gaz-system-dopial-ostatni-element-za-prawie-2-mld-zl-6528076488562305a.html
  - Terminal LNG w Świnoujściu (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminal_LNG_w_%C5%9Awinouj%C5%9Bciu
  - Świnoujście bije rekordy. Do Polski przypłynęło 6 mln ton gazu (Money.pl / Orlen, 2026-02): https://www.money.pl/gospodarka/swinoujscie-bije-rekordy-do-polski-przyplynelo-6-mln-ton-gazu-7252865021274496a.html

## ORLEN Maritime Transshipment Terminal on the Martwa Wisła at the Gdańsk Refinery
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/terminal-martwa-wisla-rafineria-gdanska
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 500 mln PLN | Investor: ORLEN S.A. (Grupa ORLEN, Rafineria Gdańska)
Timeline: started 2023, planned 2026, delivered 2026
Description: A new maritime transshipment terminal of the ORLEN Group built on the quay of the Martwa Wisła, directly at the Gdańsk Refinery (Pomorskie Voivodeship). The facility comprises an approx. 380-metre quay with two berths equipped with eight automated, bidirectional loading arms and a pipeline system connecting the terminal with the refinery's installations. The terminal can accommodate vessels up to 130 m in length. The target handling capacity is to reach up to 2 million tonnes of products per year — biocomponents for fuel production (including ethanol, MTBE, ETBE, FAME/UCOME), base oils, low-sulphur marine fuel (MGO), and refinery intermediates. Construction was carried out by a consortium led by the Sopot-based NDI Group. Work began in 2023, with the terminal originally expected to be commissioned in 2025. After construction was completed in 2026, commissioning and transshipment tests were carried out, and in June 2026 the first commercial transshipment was performed; the first commercial vessels were announced for July 2026, and full operational launch for the second half of 2026.
Significance: The terminal is intended to be the maritime "export window" of the Gdańsk Refinery — it enables the direct loading and unloading of products by water, without the intermediation of a rail terminal, relieving the refinery's land logistics. It increases supply security through its own channel for importing biocomponents and components essential to fuel production, and for exporting petroleum products and base oils. The target throughput of around 2 million tonnes per year and the handling of low-sulphur marine fuel (MGO) strengthen Gdańsk's position in maritime fuel logistics and support biofuel production within the ORLEN Group.
Sources:
  - Gdańsk. Brama paliwowa Polski. Orlen buduje terminal za 500 mln zł (money.pl, 2023): https://www.money.pl/gospodarka/gdansk-brama-paliwowa-polski-orlen-buduje-terminal-za-500-mln-zl-6857599280110496a.html
  - Budowa Morskiego Terminalu Przeładunkowego Orlen na Martwej Wiśle na finiszu (gdansk.pl, 2025-01): https://www.gdansk.pl/wiadomosci/Budowa-Morskiego-Terminalu-Przeladunkowego-Orlen-na-Martwej-Wisle-na-finiszu,a,279017
  - Trwają testy terminalu ORLENU na Martwej Wiśle. Start w II połowie 2026 r. (trojmiasto.pl, 2026): https://www.trojmiasto.pl/biznes/Trwaja-testy-terminalu-ORLENU-na-Martwej-Wisle-Start-w-II-polowie-2026-r-n218341.html
  - Orlen wzmacnia rafinerię w Gdańsku. Nowy terminal będzie oknem eksportowym (money.pl, 2025): https://www.money.pl/gospodarka/orlen-wzmacnia-rafinerie-w-gdansku-nowy-terminal-bedzie-oknem-eksportowym-6990274520673248a.html
  - Pierwszy przeładunek komercyjny w terminalu Martwa Wisła. Projekt Grupy ORLEN działa (gospodarkamorska.pl, 2026-06): https://www.gospodarkamorska.pl/pierwszy-przeladunek-komercyjny-w-terminalu-martwa-wisla-projekt-grupy-orlen-dziala-93773

## T5 Terminal at the Port of Gdańsk — offshore wind installation terminal
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/terminal-t5-w-porcie-gdansk-terminal-instalacyjny-offshore-w
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 1.2 bn PLN | Investor: Istrana sp. z o.o. (Polski Fundusz Rozwoju 85%, Baltic Hub 15%)
Timeline: planned 2026-09
Description: A new T5 terminal being built on an area of approx. 21 ha reclaimed from the sea in the Baltic Hub area at the Port of Gdańsk, carried out on behalf of the company Istrana (85% owned by the Polish Development Fund, 15% by Baltic Hub). In the first years of operation, the terminal is to serve as an installation base for offshore wind farms in the Baltic Sea. The facility will be equipped with two deepwater quays (451 m on the north-western side and 349 m on the northern side). The entire 21.3 ha terminal was leased by the company Elektrownia Wiatrowa Baltica 2, owned by PGE and Ørsted, for the installation of the Baltica 2 offshore wind farm. The cost of the investment is approx. PLN 1.18 billion, of which over PLN 900 million is funding from the National Recovery Plan. In April 2026 the progress of the reinforced concrete works was 85%, and completion of construction was planned for the third quarter of 2026.
Significance: The T5 terminal is intended to become Poland's key installation base for offshore wind energy in the Baltic Sea. The entire facility was leased by the company Baltica 2 (PGE and Ørsted) for the construction of the Baltica 2 farm with a capacity of approx. 1.5 GW, making T5 a staging base for the assembly of offshore turbines from a Polish port. The investment physically expands the area of the Port of Gdańsk by more than 21 ha of land reclaimed from the sea and strengthens Gdańsk's role in the supply chain for offshore projects on the Polish coast.
Sources:
  - Terminal T5 w Baltic Hub coraz bliżej obsługi offshore. Budowa wchodzi w kluczową fazę (Polski Portal Morski (polskamorska.pl), 2026-04-30): https://polskamorska.pl/2026/04/30/terminal-t5-w-baltic-hub-coraz-blizej-obslugi-offshore-budowa-wchodzi-w-kluczowa-faze-wideo/
  - Terminal T5 znalazł dzierżawców z branży OZE — umowa PGE, Ørsted, Istrana, Baltic Hub (gdansk.pl): https://www.gdansk.pl/wiadomosci/Terminal-T5-gdzie-w-2026-r-bedzie-baza-dla-morskiej-farmy-wiatrowej-znalazl-dzierzawcow-z-branzy-OZE-umowa-PGE-Polska-Grupa-Energetyczna-Orsted-Istrana-Baltic-Hub,a,271334
  - W Gdańsku za ponad 3 miliardy złotych powstają dwa wielkie terminale w Baltic Hub (investmap.pl): https://investmap.pl/w-gdansku-za-ponad-3-miliardy-zlotych-powstaja-dwa-wielkie-terminale-w-baltic-hub-filmy.a313178
  - Kolejne postępy na budowie terminala T5 (IntermodalNews, 2026-07-10): https://intermodalnews.pl/2026/07/10/kolejne-postepy-na-budowie-terminala-t5/

## Tram to Mistrzejowice – KST Stage IV (Krakow, PPP)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/tramwaj-do-mistrzejowic-kst-etap-iv-krakow-ppp
Status: under construction | Stage: commissioning | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 1.9 bn PLN | Investor: Miasto Kraków
Timeline: announced 2021-12, planned 2026-08
Outcome: delayed
Description: Construction of a fast tram line (Krakowski Szybki Tramwaj, Stage IV) connecting the area of Meissnera Street with the Mistrzejowice district, carried out in a public-private partnership formula — the first such large PPP tram project in Poland. The public partner is the City of Krakow, and the private partner is the consortium of PPP Solutions Polska and Gülermak, which under a 24-year contract financed, designed, and built the route and is responsible for its maintenance for 20 years. The route is approx. 4.45 km long, including a 1.23 km tunnel, with an underground interchange hub at the Polsad roundabout. The value of the entire undertaking was set at PLN 1.92 billion.
Significance: The new line reduces travel time from Mistrzejowice to the centre of Krakow by about 12 minutes and completes the fast tram network in the north-eastern part of the city, serving densely populated housing estates. The undertaking is regarded as a model for financing transport investments in the PPP formula in Poland — the city pays the private partner an availability fee instead of handing over ticket revenues. The launch date was pushed back from the end of 2025 to 2026, partly due to delays in connecting the tunnel's power supply by Tauron.
Sources:
  - About – Tram to Mistrzejowice (Tramwaj do Mistrzejowic (PPP Solutions Polska / Gülermak)): https://www.tramwajdomistrzejowic.pl/en/about/
  - Kraków: jest umowa na tramwaj do Mistrzejowic na okres 24 lat (Transport Publiczny): https://www.transport-publiczny.pl/wiadomosci/krakow-jest-umowa-na-tramwaj-do-mistrzejowic-na-okres-24-lat-67006.html
  - Szybki tramwaj w Krakowie: Kiedy koniec budowy? Znamy terminy (Forsal.pl, 2026-05-17): https://forsal.pl/gospodarka/inwestycje/artykuly/11248274,szybki-tramwaj-w-krakowie-spektakularna-inwestycja-zbliza-sie-do-konca.html
  - Tramwaj do Mistrzejowic. Podpisano umowę z wykonawcą (RMF24, 2023-01-30): https://www.rmf24.pl/regiony/krakow/news-tramwaj-do-mistrzejowic-podpisano-umowe-z-wykonawca,nId,6566564
  - Szybki tramwaj do Mistrzejowic. Znamy termin zakończenia budowy (RMF24, 2026-06-01): https://www.rmf24.pl/regiony/krakow/news-szybki-tramwaj-do-mistrzejowic-znamy-termin-zakonczenia-budo,nId,8088848

## Tram to Wilanów (Warsaw)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/tramwaj-do-wilanowa-warszawa
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 685 mln PLN | Investor: Tramwaje Warszawskie
Timeline: delivered 2024-10-29
Outcome: delivered, delayed, over budget
Description: A new double-track tram route approx. 7.5 km long, connecting the southern part of Warsaw with Miasteczko Wilanów, running along Puławska, Goworka, Spacerowa, Belwederska, and Sobieskiego streets. The route was opened on 29 October 2024; it is served by two tram lines (14 and 16). The construction was covered by funding from the European Union.
Significance: The route provides a direct tram connection between the rapidly developing Miasteczko Wilanów and the southern part of the city and the centre of Warsaw, reducing travel time and relieving road transport. At peak times, services run at a frequency of about 2-3 minutes.
Sources:
  - Tramwaj do Wilanowa – umowa na budowę podpisana (Miasto Warszawa): https://um.warszawa.pl/-/tramwaj-do-wilanowa-umowa-na-budowe-podpisana
  - Warszawa otworzyła tramwaj do Wilanowa (Relacja) (Rynek Kolejowy, 2024-10-29): https://www.rynek-kolejowy.pl/wiadomosci/warszawa-otworzyla-tramwaj-do-wilanowa-relacja-129171.html
  - Opis inwestycji - Tramwaj do Wilanowa (Tramwaje Warszawskie): https://tramwajdowilanowa.pl/opis-inwestycji/
  - Mokotow-Wilanow - Tramwaj do Wilanowa (Tramwaje Warszawskie): https://tramwajdowilanowa.pl/opis-inwestycji/mokotow-wilanow/
  - Tramwaj do Wilanowa (Miasto Warszawa): https://um.warszawa.pl/-/tramwaj-do-wilanowa
  - Uruchomienie trasy tramwajowej do Miasteczka Wilanow (Warszawski Transport Publiczny, 2024-10-28): https://www.wtp.waw.pl/zmiany/2024/10/28/tramwaj-wilanow/
  - Tramwaje do Wilanowa jeżdżą już rok (Miasto Warszawa, 2025-10-29): https://um.warszawa.pl/-/tramwaje-do-wilanowa-jezdza-juz-rok
  - Tramwaj do Wilanowa łapie opóźnienie. Jest nowy termin zakończenia prac (PortalSamorzadowy.pl, 2023-11-17): https://www.portalsamorzadowy.pl/inwestycje/tramwaj-do-wilanowa-lapie-opoznienie-jest-nowy-termin-zakonczenia-prac,504569.html
  - Budimex ma aneks do umowy na budowę trasy tramwaju; wartość kontraktu wzrośnie o 199,3 mln zł (Bankier.pl, 2023-11-24): https://www.bankier.pl/wiadomosc/Budimex-ma-aneks-do-umowy-na-budowe-trasy-tramwaju-wartosc-kontraktu-wzrosnie-o-199-3-mln-zl-8652434.html
  - Tramwaj do Wilanowa. Kiedy koniec budowy? Padła data otwarcia (Murator Plus): https://www.muratorplus.pl/inwestycje/inwestycje-publiczne/tramwaj-do-wilanowa-kiedy-koniec-budowy-padla-data-otwarcia-jakie-linie-tramwajowe-do-miasteczka-wilanow-aa-n426-aFfw-nW9x.html

## Tram Route to Naramowice (Poznań)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/tramwaj-na-naramowice-poznan
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 550 mln PLN | Investor: Poznańskie Inwestycje Miejskie
Timeline: started 2018-12, delivered 2022-04-23
Description: A new tram route (Stage I) connecting the Poznań district of Naramowice with the city centre — from the Wilczak loop to the loop at Błażeja Street. Under a "design and build" formula, approx. 3.3 km of track and nearly 7.5 km of roads (including access roads and intersections) and 8 stops were built. The contractor was a consortium of Gülermak (Ankara), Mosty Łódź S.A., and Gülermak Sp. z o.o. The investment was co-financed with European Union funds. The route was opened on 23 April 2022.
Significance: The route provides the first direct tram connection between the dynamically expanding Naramowice district and the centre of Poznań — residents waited more than two decades for an investment of this scale. The new corridor relieves the congested Naramowicka Street and reduces travel time to the city centre.
Sources:
  - Poznań: Tramwaj na Naramowice jeszcze droższy? (tenPoznan, 2022-04): https://tenpoznan.pl/poznan-tramwaj-na-naramowice-jeszcze-drozszy/
  - Cała trasa tramwajowa na Naramowice gotowa (Miasto Poznań, 2022-04-23): https://www.poznan.pl/mim/info/news/cala-trasa-tramwajowa-na-naramowice-gotowa,179947.html
  - Tramwaj na Naramowice - umowa podpisana (Poznańskie Inwestycje Miejskie): https://pim.poznan.pl/aktualnosci/archiwalne/tramwaj-na-naramowice-umowa-podpisana-wideo
  - Początek prac przy budowie trasy tramwajowej na Naramowice (Zarząd Dróg Miejskich w Poznaniu, 2018-12): https://zdm.poznan.pl/web/aktualnosci/view/id/poczatek-prac-przy-budowie-trasy-tramwajowej-na-naramowice
  - Poznań: Rusza przetarg na tramwaj na Naramowice. Otwarcie w 2022 r. (Transport Publiczny): https://www.transport-publiczny.pl/wiadomosci/poznan-rusza-przetarg-na-tramwaj-na-naramowice-otwarcie-w-2022-r-58659.html
  - Poznań Naramowice. Jeszcze w tym miesiącu do swoich domów dojadą tramwajem. Czekali na to ponad 20 lat (TVN24, 2022-04): https://tvn24.pl/poznan/poznan-naramowice-jeszcze-w-tym-miesiacu-do-swoich-domow-dojada-tramwajem-czekali-na-to-ponad-20-lat-st5662956

## Tramwaje Śląskie – modernization and development of tram infrastructure in the Metropolis GZM (Górnośląsko-Zagłębiowska Metropolia) (FEnIKS 2021-2027)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/tramwaje-slaskie-modernizacja-gzm-feniks
Status: under construction | Stage: — | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 1.3 bn PLN | Investor: Tramwaje Śląskie S.A.
Timeline: n/a
Description: A strategic program for the modernization and expansion of the tram network in the Metropolis GZM (Górnośląsko-Zagłębiowska Metropolia), carried out by Tramwaje Śląskie S.A. and co-financed by the European Funds for Infrastructure, Climate, Environment (FEnIKS) 2021-2027 program. The total value of the undertaking exceeds PLN 1.3 billion, of which approx. PLN 735 million is EU co-financing from FEnIKS; the co-financing agreements were signed on 6 October 2025. The scope covers new tram lines (including to the south of Katowice and an extension in Sosnowiec), dozens of kilometers of modernized track and overhead traction network, and the purchase of 30 modern, low-floor trams. The investments are being carried out in several cities of the agglomeration, including Katowice, Sosnowiec, Bytom, Dąbrowa Górnicza and Będzin, in cooperation with local governments. The project was granted the status of a strategic operation under the FEnIKS program.
Significance: The program is intended to modernize and expand the core of the tram network of the most densely populated conurbation in Poland, served by Tramwaje Śląskie S.A. New lines will be built (including a nearly 10-kilometer route to the south of Katowice and an extension in Sosnowiec), dozens of kilometers of track and overhead traction network will be modernized, and the rolling stock will be supplemented with 30 new, low-floor trams improving accessibility and travel comfort. It is one of the largest public transport undertakings carried out in Poland under the EU 2021-2027 perspective, holding the status of a FEnIKS strategic operation.
Sources:
  - European funds will launch Silesian trams onto new tracks (Centrum Unijnych Projektów Transportowych (CUPT), 2025-10): https://www.cupt.gov.pl/en/aktualnosc/feniks-en/european-funds-will-launch-silesian-trams-onto-new-tracks/
  - Tramwaje Śląskie z unijnym dofinansowaniem w wysokości 735 mln zł – umowy podpisane (Sektorkolejowy.pl, 2025-10): https://www.sektorkolejowy.pl/tramwaje-slaskie-z-unijnym-dofinansowaniem-w-wysokosci-735-mln-zl-umowy-podpisane/
  - Tramwaje Śląskie z dofinansowaniem m.in. do linii tramwajowej na południe Katowic (WNP.pl, 2025-10): https://www.wnp.pl/rynki/tramwaje-slaskie-z-dofinansowaniem-m-in-do-linii-tramwajowej-na-poludnie-katowic,991338.html
  - Informacje o Projekcie – FEnIKS 2021-2027 (Tramwaje Śląskie S.A.): https://www.tram-silesia.pl/www/index.php/jrpc/
  - Fundusze Europejskie na rozwój infrastruktury tramwajowej na Śląsku (Ministerstwo Funduszy i Polityki Regionalnej (FEnIKS), 2025-10-07): https://feniks.gov.pl/aktualnosci/fundusze-europejskie-na-rozwoj-infrastruktury-tramwajowej-na-slasku/
  - Nowoczesna komunikacja w Metropolii. Ponad 735 mln zł z UE na rozwój sieci tramwajowej (Śląski Urząd Wojewódzki w Katowicach, 2025-10): https://www.katowice.uw.gov.pl/aktualnosci/nowoczesna-komunikacja-w-metropolii-ponad-735-mln-zl-na-rozwoj-sieci-tramwajowej

## Tunnel under the Świna in Świnoujście
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/tunel-pod-swina
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 914 mln PLN | Investor: Miasto Świnoujście (wsparcie GDDKiA)
Timeline: started 2019, delivered 2023-06-30
Outcome: delivered, delayed
Description: A road tunnel under the Świna strait, connecting the islands of Uznam and Wolin in Świnoujście — the city's first fixed road connection with the rest of the country, replacing the previous ferry crossings. The section bored by a TBM machine is nearly 1,500 m long. The investor was the City of Świnoujście with the support of GDDKiA; the total value of the investment amounted to PLN 913.8 million, with EU co-financing of PLN 775.6 million from the Operational Programme Infrastructure and Environment (POIiŚ). Work began in the autumn of 2019, and the tunnel was opened to traffic on 30 June 2023 — about a year later than the originally announced autumn of 2022.
Significance: The tunnel eliminated Świnoujście's dependence on ferry crossings as the only connection of the left-bank part of the city (the island of Uznam) with the rest of the country — the drive through the tunnel takes about two minutes. The crossing is heavily used: in the three years since its opening (up to June 2026), more than 15.1 million journeys were recorded, and 2025 was a record year with more than 5.2 million vehicles.
Sources:
  - Tunel w Świnoujściu otwarty! (Ministerstwo Infrastruktury (gov.pl), 2023-06-30): https://www.gov.pl/web/infrastruktura/tunel-w-swinoujsciu-otwarty
  - Otwarcie tunelu w Świnoujściu (GDDKiA (gov.pl), 2023-06-30): https://www.gov.pl/web/gddkia/otwarcie-tunelu-w-swinoujsciu
  - Tunel pod Świną (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunel_pod_%C5%9Awin%C4%85
  - Tunel pod Świną kończy trzy lata. Ponad 15 mln przejazdów (Miasto Świnoujście (swinoujscie.pl), 2026-06): https://www.swinoujscie.pl/artykul/tunel-pod-swina-konczy-trzy-lata-ponad-15-mln-przejazdow
  - Tunel pod Świną coraz bardziej obciążony. Ponad 5,2 mln przejazdów w 2025 roku (iSwinoujscie.pl, 2026-01): https://iswinoujscie.pl/artykuly/87492

## Cross-city rail tunnel in Łódź (Łódź Fabryczna – Łódź Kaliska/Żabieniec)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/tunel-srednicowy-lodz
Status: paused | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 2.3 bn PLN | Investor: PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe S.A.
Timeline: announced 2016-11-28, started 2019, planned 2031
Outcome: delayed, over budget
Description: An underground railway tunnel connecting the Łódź Fabryczna station with Łódź Kaliska and Łódź Żabieniec: a double-track section 3 km long and four single-track tunnels with a total length of 4.5 km, with new underground stops in the city center. The tender was announced in November 2016, the contract with the PBDiM consortium from Mińsk Mazowiecki (PLN 1.59 billion) was signed at the end of 2017, and boring began in 2019. After a tenement house above the route of the TBM machine collapsed in September 2024, boring was suspended — the shield has remained immobilized since November 2024. In February 2026, PKP PLK withdrew from the contract with the contractor; the selection of a new one is underway (a tender at the turn of Q3 and Q4 2026). The cost grew from approx. PLN 1.3 billion net to approx. PLN 2.3 billion, and completion was pushed back from 2022 to the turn of 2030 and 2031.
Significance: The tunnel is intended to enable railway traffic through the center of Łódź: beyond the Łódź Fabryczna station the route splits north to the Łódź Żabieniec station and south to the Łódź Kaliska station, and new underground stops are being built in the city center (including at the junction of Zielona, Zachodnia and Kościuszki streets and at Ogrodowa, Karskiego and Drewnowska streets). The investment transforms Łódź Fabryczna from a terminal station into a through station, tying together the Łódź railway junction.
Sources:
  - Kolej otwiera Łódź. Około 2 mld zł na budowę tunelu średnicowego (PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe S.A., 2016-11-28): https://www.plk-sa.pl/o-spolce/biuro-prasowe/informacje-prasowe/szczegoly/kolej-otwiera-lodz-okolo-2-mld-zl-na-budowe-tunelu-srednicowego-3239
  - Rośnie rachunek za tunel średnicowy w Łodzi. Kwota wyższa już o ponad 1 mld zł (Money.pl, 2025-02-25): https://www.money.pl/gospodarka/rosnie-rachunek-za-tunel-srednicowy-w-lodzi-kwota-wyzsza-juz-o-ponad-1-mld-zl-7129052297030592a.html
  - Wykonawca tunelu średnicowego w Łodzi powalczy w sądzie o kontrakt za miliardy. Historia pechowej i kluczowej inwestycji (XYZ.pl, 2026-02-11): https://xyz.pl/wykonawca-tunelu-srednicowego-w-lodzi-powalczy-w-sadzie-o-kontrakt-za-miliardy-historia-pechowej-i-kluczowej-inwestycji/
  - Łódzki tunel średnicowy z nowym terminem zakończenia. Będzie później niż inwestycja CPK (Rynek Infrastruktury, 2026-05-27): https://www.rynekinfrastruktury.pl/wiadomosci/inzynieria-i-innowacje/lodzki-tunel-srednicowy-z-nowym-terminem-zakonczenia-104947.html
  - Co dalej z tunelem średnicowym w Łodzi? Nowe informacje z PKP PLK (WNP.pl, 2026-05-13): https://www.wnp.pl/rynki/lodz-pkp-plk-inwestycja-dotyczaca-budowy-tunelu-srednicowego-bedzie-kontynuowana,1061845.html
  - Ponad 500 mln zł dopłaty do budowy tunelu, a PKP PLK zrywa kontrakt. Będą roszczenia o odszkodowanie (PortalSamorzadowy.pl, 2026-02-05): https://www.portalsamorzadowy.pl/finanse/ponad-500-mln-zl-doplaty-do-budowy-tunelu-a-pkp-plk-zrywa-kontrakt-beda-roszczenia-o-odszkodowanie,647980.html
  - Kolejny etap sporu między byłym wykonawcą tunelu średnicowego a PKP PLK. Pół miliarda złotych kar (Radio Łódź, 2026-03-02): https://radiolodz.pl/kolejny-etap-sporu-miedzy-bylym-wykonawca-tunelu-srednicowego-a-pkp-plk-pol-miliarda-zlotych-kar,609157/
  - PKP PLK zrywa umowę na tunel średnicowy w Łodzi. Seria błędów, katastrofa budowlana i setki milionów złotych strat (Expressilustrowany.pl / eGlos, 2026-02-05): https://eglos.pl/aktualnosci/item/45322-pkp-plk-zrywa-umowe-na-tunel-srednicowy-w-lodzi-seria-bledow-katastrofa-budowlana-i-setki-milionow-zlotych-strat

## Expansion and modernization of the University Clinical Hospital in Białystok (University Center for Personalized Oncology)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/usk-bialystok-rozbudowa-centrum-onkologii
Status: under construction | Stage: — | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 948 mln PLN | Investor: Uniwersytecki Szpital Kliniczny w Białymstoku
Timeline: started 2025, planned 2029
Description: A multi-year program for the expansion and modernization of the University Clinical Hospital in Białystok, whose core is the new University Center for Personalized Oncology — a complex of oncology clinics, outpatient clinics and diagnostic laboratories. The implementation contract was signed on 27 October 2025; the investment, with a total value of PLN 948 million, is to be carried out in 2025-2029, largely from state budget funds and the beneficiary's own contribution. Beyond the oncology complex, the program covers the modernization and re-equipment of four existing hospital buildings and the expansion of one of the facilities.
Significance: After the investment is completed, the hospital is to have 361 beds, and the usable floor area will increase from 14,551 m² to 43,770 m². The new University Center for Personalized Oncology is to bring together oncology clinics, outpatient clinics and diagnostic laboratories, strengthening oncological care and access to modern diagnostics in north-eastern Poland.
Sources:
  - Rozbudowa i modernizacja Uniwersyteckiego Szpitala Klinicznego w Białymstoku - rusza program wieloletni (Ministerstwo Zdrowia (gov.pl), 2025-10): https://www.gov.pl/web/zdrowie/rozbudowa-i-modernizacja-uniwersyteckiego-szpitala-klinicznego-w-bialymstoku---rusza-program-wieloletni
  - Nowoczesne centrum onkologii w Białymstoku. Rusza największa inwestycja medyczna w regionie (newsmed.pl, 2025-10-30): https://newsmed.pl/aktualnosci/12163423/rozbudowa-i-modernizacja-uniwersyteckiego-szpitala-w-bialymstoku.html
  - Rozbudowa i modernizacja Uniwersyteckiego Szpitala Klinicznego w Białymstoku (Podlaski Urząd Wojewódzki (gov.pl), 2025-11-03): https://www.gov.pl/web/uw-podlaski/rozbudowa-i-modernizacja-uniwersyteckiego-szpitala-klinicznego-w-bialymstoku
  - Inwestycje - Środki z Budżetu Państwa lub z Państwowych Funduszy Celowych (Uniwersytecki Szpital Kliniczny w Białymstoku): https://uskwb.pl/inwestycje/
  - Rekordowa inwestycja w Uniwersyteckim Szpitalu Klinicznym w Białymstoku. Ma kosztować blisko 1 mld zł (Rynek Zdrowia, 2025-10): https://www.rynekzdrowia.pl/Inwestycje/Rekordowa-inwestycja-w-Uniwersyteckim-Szpitalu-Klinicznym-w-Bialymstoku-Ma-kosztowac-blisko-1-mld-zl,277527,3.html

## Expansion of the Warsaw Energy Plant (ITPOK, formerly ZUSOK) in Targówek
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/warszawska-wytwornia-energii-wte-targowek
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 1.7 bn PLN | Investor: Miejskie Przedsiebiorstwo Oczyszczania w m.st. Warszawie (MPO)
Timeline: announced 2020, started 2021, delivered 2026-02
Description: Expansion and modernization of the Municipal Solid Waste Disposal Plant (ZUSOK) in Warsaw's Targówek district, renamed the Warsaw Energy Plant (WWE). The implementation contract with the Korean company POSCO Engineering & Construction was signed in 2020, work began in 2021, and the expanded installation was commissioned in February 2026. After the expansion, it is the largest thermal municipal waste treatment installation in Poland, belonging to the Municipal Cleaning Company in the Capital City of Warsaw (MPO).
Significance: The plant can process approx. 265 thousand tons of mixed municipal waste per year, converting it into electricity and heat supplying Warsaw's networks. The value of the contract with the general contractor amounted to approx. PLN 1.668 billion net (nearly PLN 2.05 billion gross). The investment, originally planned for completion in 2023, incurred a delay of several years and only started up in 2026.
Sources:
  - MPO rozbuduje instalacje do termicznego przeksztalcania odpadow komunalnych - umowa podpisana (MPO Warszawa, 2020-11-30): https://www.mpo.com.pl/aktualnosci/268-umowa-na-realizacje-inwestycji-podpisana
  - Warszawa uruchomi najwieksza spalarnie w Polsce. Testy trwaly ponad rok (PortalSamorzadowy.pl, 2026-02): https://www.portalsamorzadowy.pl/gospodarka-komunalna/warszawa-uruchomi-najwieksza-spalarnie-w-polsce-testy-trwaly-ponad-rok,648746.html
  - Nowa instalacja energetyczna o wartosci 2 mld zl zasili Warszawe i spali smieci (PortalSamorzadowy.pl): https://www.portalsamorzadowy.pl/gospodarka-komunalna/nowa-instalacja-energetyczna-o-wartosci-2-mld-zl-zasili-warszawe-i-spali-smieci,592326.html
  - Warszawska Wytwornia Energii - Wikipedia (Wikipedia): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warszawska_Wytw%C3%B3rnia_Energii

## Warsaw railway junction: modernization of the cross-city line + second cross-city line (tunnel under the Vistula)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/warszawski-wezel-kolejowy-linia-srednicowa
Status: planned | Stage: announced | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 9.0 bn PLN | Investor: PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe S.A.
Timeline: announced 2026-02, planned 2040
Description: A program for rebuilding the Warsaw cross-city junction announced by PKP Polskie Linie Kolejowe, composed of two parts. The first is a thorough modernization of the existing cross-city line between Warszawa Zachodnia and Warszawa Wschodnia — reconstruction of the track layout, overhead traction network and traffic control equipment, construction of the new Warszawa Solec and Warszawa de Gaulle'a (Nowy Świat) stops, and reconstruction of the Ochota, Śródmieście and Centralna stations. The second part is the construction of an entirely new, double-track cross-city line dedicated to long-distance traffic, routed in a tunnel under the Central Station, the metro lines and the Vistula. The total estimated cost is approx. PLN 9 billion (approx. PLN 5 billion for the modernization + approx. PLN 4 billion for the new line). The scope of this record covers only the through cross-city lines and the second tunnel; the separately conducted reconstructions of the Warszawa Wschodnia and Warszawa Zachodnia stations are separate investments and are not counted here, in order to avoid double-counting of costs.
Significance: The Warsaw cross-city line is the most important through rail corridor in Poland, carrying agglomeration, regional and long-distance traffic connecting the east and west of the country. The modernization of the existing cross-city line alone was deemed insufficient by PKP PLK, which is why a new, double-track line in a tunnel is planned in parallel, intended to increase the junction's capacity by approx. 20 train pairs per hour and to separate long-distance traffic from agglomeration traffic. The undertaking heralds the largest changes at the Central Station since its opening in 1975. The investment is, however, only at the conceptual and design stage, and its implementation and schedule (modernization in 2031–2035, the new line by approx. 2040) depend on securing financing, which makes it a megaproject with an uncertain go/no-go status.
Sources:
  - PLK zapowiada rewolucję w Warszawie. Będzie nowa linia średnicowa! (Rynek Kolejowy, 2026-02): https://www.rynek-kolejowy.pl/wiadomosci/plk-zapowiada-rewolucje-w-warszawie-bedzie-nowa-linia-srednicowa-126654.html
  - PLK: przebudowa średnicy w Warszawie od 2031 do 2035 r. (Rynek Kolejowy, 2026-02): https://www.rynek-kolejowy.pl/wiadomosci/plk-przebudowa-srednicy-w-warszawie-od-2031-do-2035-r--126660.html
  - Nowa linia średnicowa i remont starej w Warszawie za 9 mld zł. PKP PLK planują gigantyczny tunel pod Wisłą i Dworcem Centralnym (InvestMap.pl, 2026-02): https://investmap.pl/nowa-linia-srednicowa-i-remont-starej-w-warszawie-za-9-mld-zl-pkp-plk-planuja-gigantyczny-tunel-pod-wisla-i-dworcem-centralnym.a316274
  - Poza modernizacją warszawskiej linii średnicowej PKP PLK planują zbudować drugą linię (WNP.pl, 2026-02): https://www.wnp.pl/rynki/poza-modernizacja-warszawskiej-linii-srednicowej-pkp-plk-planuja-zbudowac-druga-linie,1031539.html

## Development of the Cyberspace Defense Forces and cryptological investments
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/wojska-obrony-cyberprzestrzeni-kryptologia
Status: under construction | Stage: construction | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 10.0 bn PLN | Investor: Ministerstwo Obrony Narodowej (MON)
Timeline: announced 2022-02-08, started 2022-02-08
Description: The establishment and development of the Cyberspace Defense Forces (WOC) — the fifth branch of the armed forces, effectively created on 8 February 2022 under the Homeland Defense Act, together with accompanying investments in cryptology, cybersecurity and military ICT networks. The formation is centered around the Cyberspace Defense Forces Component Command and comprises approx. 6.5 thousand posts for soldiers and employees of the Ministry of National Defense, dispersed across more than a dozen units. Its structure includes specialized cyberspace operations units — "A" in Białobrzegi and "B" in Gdynia — and since 2024 a third unit "C" in Wrocław and the Operations Support Unit in Legionowo have been forming. The program covers the full spectrum of cyberspace operations: defensive, reconnaissance and offensive, and its technological financing is conducted under the technical modernization plan of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland.
Significance: The separation of cyberspace as an independent operational domain of the Polish Armed Forces and the building around it of a fifth branch of the armed forces with a strength of approx. 6.5 thousand posts. The dispersed network of cyberspace operations units (Białobrzegi, Gdynia, and Wrocław being formed), along with the cryptological and ICT support base, is intended to provide defensive, reconnaissance and offensive capabilities, as well as the development of domestic cryptographic tools and technologies. The program increases the resilience of military command and communications systems and critical infrastructure to cyberattacks, fitting into the technical modernization of the Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland for 2021-2035.
Sources:
  - Polska armia tworzy kolejne jednostki do walki w cyberprzestrzeni (Rzeczpospolita (rp.pl)): https://www.rp.pl/wojsko/art39566011-polska-armia-tworzy-kolejne-jednostki-do-walki-w-cybeprzestrzeni
  - Wojska Obrony Cyberprzestrzeni (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wojska_Obrony_Cyberprzestrzeni
  - Oto polskie Wojska Obrony Cyberprzestrzeni. Prowadzą wojnę z... (Geekweek / Interia): https://geekweek.interia.pl/militaria/news-oto-polskie-wojska-obrony-cyberprzestrzeni-prowadza-wojne-z,nId,21396671
  - Wojska Obrony Cyberprzestrzeni (Ministerstwo Obrony Narodowej (gov.pl)): https://www.gov.pl/web/obrona-narodowa/wojska-obrony-cyberprzestrzeni

## Google's purchase and expansion of The Warsaw HUB campus
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/zakup-i-rozbudowa-kampusu-the-warsaw-hub-przez-google
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 2.8 bn PLN | Investor: Google Poland
Timeline: announced 2022-03-07, delivered 2022-03-10
Outcome: delivered
Description: In March 2022, Google Poland bought the office part of The Warsaw HUB complex at Rondo Daszyńskiego in Warsaw from the developer Ghelamco for approximately EUR 583 million — this was the largest single office transaction in the history of the Polish market. Google, until then one of the complex's main tenants, announced a total investment reaching nearly USD 700 million for the purchase and further development of the facility. The two acquired towers comprise more than 90 thousand m² of office space and house Google Cloud's largest engineering center in Europe, with target space for approximately 2,500 employees.
Significance: The record office transaction cemented Warsaw as one of the key European centers for the development of Google's cloud technologies. The acquired campus constitutes Google Cloud's largest engineering center in Europe, serving global clients and creating space for approximately 2,500 highly qualified employees.
Sources:
  - Increasing Google's investment in Poland (Google (The Keyword blog), 2022-03-07): https://blog.google/around-the-globe/google-europe/increasing-googles-investment-in-poland/
  - The Warsaw HUB has changed its owner - Google snaps up Ghelamco's Warsaw Hub in record 583 million euro deal (Ghelamco, 2022-03-08): https://www.ghelamco.com/news-press/583/
  - Ghelamco seals Warsaw Hub sale (Eurobuild CEE, 2022-03-10): https://eurobuildcee.com/en/news/32252-ghelamco-seals-warsaw-hub-sale
  - Google buys The Warsaw Hub from Ghelamco for EUR 583m (IPE Real Assets, 2022-03-09): https://realassets.ipe.com/news/google-buys-the-warsaw-hub-from-ghelamco-for-583m/10058532.article
  - Ghelamco sells Warsaw Hub to Google (Eurobuild CEE, 2022-03-07): https://eurobuildcee.com/en/news/32235-ghelamco-sells-warsaw-hub-to-google
  - Google Poland: Google's largest engineering center in EU is in Poland (Warsaw Business Journal, 2025-12-16): https://wbj.pl/google-poland-googles-largest-engineering-center-in-eu-is-in-poland/post/148299

## Purchase of Pendolino ED250 trains (PKP Intercity)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/zakup-pociagow-pendolino-ed250
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 2.6 bn PLN | Investor: PKP Intercity S.A.
Timeline: started 2011-05-30, delivered 2014-12-14
Outcome: delivered
Description: Purchase of 20 Alstom New Pendolino electric multiple units (designated ED250 in Poland) by PKP Intercity. On 30 May 2011, PKP Intercity signed a contract worth EUR 665 million (PLN 2.64 billion) with Alstom Transport, covering the delivery of 20 seven-car New Pendolino trains, the construction of technical facilities at the Warszawa Grochów depot station, and technical maintenance of the trains for a period of up to 17 years. The trainsets were manufactured at Alstom's plant in Savigliano, Italy. Service on Express InterCity Premium routes began on 14 December 2014. The maximum operating speed reached by the trainsets on the Polish network is 200 km/h.
Significance: The Pendolino ED250 became the flagship train of PKP Intercity and a symbol of Polish railways entering the era of high-speed passenger connections. The fleet of 20 trainsets serves Express InterCity Premium connections linking Warsaw with, among others, Gdańsk, Wrocław, Katowice and Krakow, as well as with smaller centres such as Rzeszów, Gliwice, Bielsko-Biała and Kołobrzeg. During the first ten years of operation (2014–2024), the ED250 trainsets carried more than 39 million passengers and covered a total of approximately 70 million kilometres, running an average of about 22 thousand km per day.
Sources:
  - Alstom EMU250 (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alstom_EMU250
  - PKP class ED250 (Wikipedia (en)): https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PKP_class_ED250
  - PKP Intercity podsumowują 10 lat Pendolino (Rynek Kolejowy, 2024-12-03): https://www.rynek-kolejowy.pl/wiadomosci/pkp-intercity-podsumowuja-10-lat-pendolino-121482.html
  - Alstom ED250 „Pendolino” – 10 lat na polskich torach! (Historia Transportu Publicznego, 2024-12-14): https://www.htp.org.pl/alstom-ed250-pendolino-10-lat-na-polskich-torach/

## Barrier on the Poland–Belarus border (physical barrier + electronic barrier)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/zapora-granica-pl-by
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 1.6 bn PLN | Investor: MSWiA / Straż Graniczna
Timeline: announced 2021-11, started 2022-01, planned 2022-07-15, delivered 2023-06-15
Outcome: delivered, delayed
Description: A permanent security installation on the border with Belarus, built under a special act in force since 4 November 2021. It consists of a physical barrier — a 5.5 m high steel fence along 186 km of the border (contracts with Budimex and the Unibep/Budrex consortium signed on 4 January 2022, works from January 2022, original deadline 30 June 2022) — and an electronic barrier: a system of approximately 3 thousand day-night and thermal imaging cameras and 400 km of detection cables operating along 206 km of the border, whose formal acceptance was completed on 15 June 2023. The cost of the entire investment is approximately PLN 1.6 billion. In July 2024, modernisation contracts were signed: reinforcement of the physical barrier's spans (over PLN 117 million, Polimex Mostostal) and modernisation of the electronic barrier (over PLN 125 million, Telbud).
Significance: The barrier is the main permanent security installation along the section of the border with Belarus guarded by the Podlaski Border Guard Regional Unit: 186 km of 5.5 m high steel fence is complemented by a perimeter system operating along 206 km of the border. The government presented the investment as an element of protecting NATO's eastern flank under conditions of migratory pressure from Belarus. The installation continues to be developed after completion (reinforcement of spans, modernisation of the camera system using alarm classification) and precedes a broader eastern border fortification programme (Tarcza Wschód).
Sources:
  - Zakończenie odbioru bariery elektronicznej na granicy polsko-białoruskiej (Straż Graniczna, 2023-06-15): https://www.strazgraniczna.pl/pl/aktualnosci/11875,Zakonczenie-odbioru-bariery-elektronicznej-na-granicy-polsko-bialoruskiej.html
  - Granica polsko-białoruska. Budowa zapory elektronicznej dobiega końca (PAP, 2023-05-01): https://www.pap.pl/aktualnosci/news,1567371,granica-polsko-bialoruska-budowa-zapory-elektronicznej-dobiega-konca.html
  - Straż Graniczna podpisała umowy dotyczące budowy zapory na granicy polsko-białoruskiej (MSWiA / gov.pl, 2022-01-04): https://www.gov.pl/web/mswia/straz-graniczna-podpisala-umowy-dotyczace-budowy-zapory-na-granicy-polsko-bialoruskiej
  - Modernizacja zapory na granicy z Białorusią. SG podpisała umowę (PAP, 2024-07-10): https://www.pap.pl/aktualnosci/modernizacja-zapory-na-granicy-z-bialorusia-sg-podpisala-umowe
  - Tak wygląda zapora na granicy z Białorusią. Premier: chronimy wschodnią flankę NATO (money.pl, 2022-02-16): https://www.money.pl/gospodarka/tak-wyglada-zapora-na-granicy-z-bialorusia-premier-chronimy-wschodnia-flanke-nato-6738063029787424a.html
  - Przedłuża się zakończenie budowy zapory na granicy polsko-białoruskiej (PortalSamorzadowy.pl, 2022-07-07): https://www.portalsamorzadowy.pl/wydarzenia-lokalne/przedluza-sie-zakonczenie-budowy-zapory-na-granicy-polsko-bialoruskiej,389700.html
  - Bariera na granicy polsko-białoruskiej (Wikipedia): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bariera_na_granicy_polsko-bia%C5%82oruskiej
  - Blisko 30 tys. prób nielegalnego przekroczenia granicy polsko-białoruskiej w 2025 roku (InfoSecurity24, 2025-12-31): https://infosecurity24.pl/sluzby-mundurowe/straz-graniczna/blisko-30-tys-prob-nielegalnego-przekroczenia-granicy-polsko-bialoruskiej-w-2025-roku
  - MSWiA: 96 proc. mniej nielegalnych przekroczeń granicy z Białorusią (Forsal.pl, 2026-04-05): https://forsal.pl/kraj/bezpieczenstwo/artykuly/11228831,mswia-nielegalna-migracja-na-granicy-z-bialorusia-spadla-o-96-proc.html
  - MSWiA, granica Polski z Białorusią. Zapora na wschodzie pod lupą. Jak wydano 1,6 mld zł? (TVN24, 2024-01-03): https://tvn24.pl/polska/mswia-granica-polski-z-bialorusia-zapora-na-wschodzie-pod-lupa-jak-wydano-1-6-mld-zl-st7687715

## Świnna Poręba water reservoir (Lake Mucharskie)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/zbiornik-wodny-swinna-poreba
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): 2.2 bn PLN | Investor: Państwowe Gospodarstwo Wodne Wody Polskie – Regionalny Zarząd Gospodarki Wodnej w Krakowie
Timeline: started 1986, delivered 2017-07-26
Outcome: delivered, delayed
Description: A retention reservoir on the Skawa River in Małopolskie Voivodeship, in the municipalities of Mucharz, Stryszów and Zembrzyce (commonly known as Lake Mucharskie). Construction began in 1986, and the facility was put into service on 26 July 2017 — after more than three decades of construction, making it one of the longest-built hydrotechnical investments in Poland. The reservoir's main purpose is flood protection of the Skawa valley below the dam (including Wadowice) and of the upper Vistula valley (including Krakow). The reservoir's flood capacity is 161 million m³. The total cost of construction amounted to approximately PLN 2.2 billion. The facility is managed by the State Water Holding Polish Waters – Regional Water Management Authority in Krakow.
Significance: The Świnna Poręba reservoir is a key element of the flood protection system in the upper Vistula basin — it protects the Skawa valley below the dam, including Wadowice, and mitigates the flood risk in the Vistula valley, including for Krakow. The flood capacity of 161 million m³ allows the flood wave on the Skawa to be reduced. The investment became a symbol of a lengthy, protracted construction process: begun in 1986, it was completed only after more than 30 years, with a total cost of approximately PLN 2.2 billion. Beyond its flood protection function, the reservoir serves as a water reserve and has become a place of recreation (Lake Mucharskie).
Sources:
  - Jezioro Mucharskie (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jezioro_Mucharskie
  - Po 31 latach zbiornik Świnna Poręba oddany do użytku (Rynek Infrastruktury, 2017-07-26): https://www.rynekinfrastruktury.pl/wiadomosci/biznes-i-przemysl/po-31-latach-zbiornik-swinna-poreba-oddany-do-uzytku-59399.html
  - Świnna Poręba. Jezioro Mucharskie jest jak wyrzut sumienia (PortalSamorzadowy.pl, 2017-08-14): https://www.portalsamorzadowy.pl/inwestycje/swinna-poreba-jezioro-mucharskie-jest-jak-wyrzut-sumienia,112123.html
  - Zbiornik Świnna Poręba nie jest już placem budowy. RZGW wyjaśnia (wadowiceonline.pl): https://wadowiceonline.pl/biznes/12801-zbiornik-swinna-poreba-nie-jest-juz-placem-budowy-rzgw-wyjasnia

## Czorsztyn-Niedzica Hydropower Complex (dam and reservoir on the Dunajec)
URL: https://projektometr.pl/en/project/zespol-elektrowni-wodnych-czorsztyn-niedzica
Status: completed | Stage: operational | Cost (value-by-stage, nom.): n/a | Investor: Zespół Elektrowni Wodnych Niedzica S.A. (jednoosobowa spółka Skarbu Państwa)
Timeline: started 1975, delivered 1997
Outcome: delivered
Description: A hydrotechnical complex on the Dunajec River comprising the Czorsztyn-Niedzica dam and reservoir together with a pumped-storage hydropower plant and a smaller balancing weir at Sromowce Wyżne. Construction began in 1975, and work on the reservoirs, dams and power plant was completed in 1997, with a company established the same year to operate them. The Niedzica dam is Poland's highest earth-fill dam with a central clay core — its maximum height is 56 m and its length 404 m. The Niedzica power plant operates in a pumped-storage configuration (2×46.375 MW in turbine mode). The complex serves flood protection, energy and recreational functions, impounding the waters of the Dunajec and creating Lake Czorsztyńskie. The owner is Zespół Elektrowni Wodnych Niedzica S.A. — a wholly State Treasury-owned company.
Significance: The Czorsztyn-Niedzica complex of reservoirs and dams, completed in 1997 after more than two decades of construction, is one of the largest post-war hydrotechnical investments in Poland. The Niedzica dam — the country's highest earth-fill dam (56 m) — and the reservoir on the Dunajec perform a key flood protection function for the Dunajec valley, while the accompanying pumped-storage power plant supports the National Power System. The reservoir created Lake Czorsztyńskie, which has become an important element of water management and recreation in the region.
Sources:
  - Zespół Elektrowni Wodnych Niedzica (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zesp%C3%B3%C5%82_Elektrowni_Wodnych_Niedzica
  - Zapora Niedzica (Wikipedia (pl)): https://pl.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zapora_Niedzica